Uphi na ke egciniweyo Central Black Umhlaba?

Reserve Central Black Umhlaba - enye enkulu kwinxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya. Le ise kummandla Kursk. Luthwala igama unjingalwazi Vasiliya Alehina.

imbali reserve

Reserve Central Black Umhlaba ise zindawo ukuba 1st kade - nkulungwane yokuqala 2nd ngazo yi emaqeleni, kwizihlambo zigqunywe ngamahlathi. Ngaloo mihla, kwisiza lommandla Kursk mihla, aziyeke yiSAIGA, kulan eehambo. Wayehlala ezininzi kweempuku ezahlukeneyo. Ezazihlala iintaka ezinkulu ezifana Little bustard kunye bustard Omkhulu.

Abantu ababehlala kwezi ndawo, phantsi kwengcinezelo enesihlwele esinzima zombini umthetheli kaThixo, yaye inxalenye mbuya. Ngu kwekhulu XVI umsebenzi engundoqo abemi Kursk waba ezolimo. Ukongeza, isixeko ngelo xesha phezu imida akumazantsi karhulumente Russian. Ngoko ke, ngamanye amaxesha kwakufuneka ndiwukhusele le mida.

Ukumelana kuhlaselo ye iCrimea AmaTatar, abantu balapha abazange bakwazi, ke ngoko, ukuba bakhonze kwi Kursk baba babandakanyeke Don kunye Cossacks, abasebenze abalindi ukuyo. YOBOMI apha ngelo xesha kunye gunners kunye yabatoli.

Ekugqibeleni, abaninzi babo bahlala kwezi ndawo. Umhlaba Kursk zaye zadluliselwa kuwo ngenxa hay amadlelo. Ngenxa yale nto iye yasinda emathafeni untilled reserved, namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba Central Black lomhlaba reserve egameni Alekhine.

Formation of endalo akwimimandla

Ezi ndawo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX unjingalwazi wafunda ngenyameko Alekhin, ogama namhlanje reserve Central Black Earth igama. Ngokutsho ngophando lwakhe, kule yokugqibela kwiinkulungwane amathathu okanye amane kula mazwe yezityalo kwakheka phantsi kwempembelelo ngqo Ukuchetywa rhoqo amadlelo. Kwaye kaninzi oku kwenzeka emhlabeni kwiindawo yehlathi.

I Musketeers kwamathafa engca emathafeni kunye Zinokuxutywa amadlelo ecacileyo kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kudla bendawo wasebenzisa engathandekiyo xa ukutshabalalisa uqweqwe lomhlaba, etshabalalisa ukhula kunye nokukhusela ilizwe kwimbalela.

Emadlelweni baba ngakumbi ekuvutheni isicelo. Kungenxa ngale ndlela Simfumene Kursk emathafeni Vasiliy Alehin, xa ndandiqala weza apha ngo-1907. Ngelo xesha wayeselapho kunyaka ophelileyo Moscow State University.

Uphononongo lwe Alekhine uhlobo lendawo

Alekhine waqalisa ukuhlola ngokubonakalayo iindawo apho kamva yaziwa ngokuba egciniweyo Central Black Soil. Le Isazinzulu waqala babatshabalalisa kokupapashwa kwayo kwiijenali ezaziwayo. Ngoko ke, isihloko sakhe sokuqala malunga nale ndawo kuthiwa "Outline kwezityalo lutshintsho kancinane kummandla Streletskaya emathafeni kufuphi Kursk." Ngowe-1910, wachaza ngokweenkcukacha kunye Cossack emathafeni, sasifunda nabo kamva ngonyaka.

Ngowe-1925, uNjingalwazi Vladimir Khitrovo eyaziwa yeentyatyambo kunye geobotanist, epapashwe ethi "Flora of kwiphondo Oryol." Into yokuba kamva le mimandla nazo zibandakanywe kwi-Central Black lomhlaba reserve egameni Alekhine. umsebenzi wakhe waba njengesixhobo omhle Alekhine kwizifundo zakhe phambili.

Xa Alekhine efanayo 1925 okokuqala yaphakamisa imfuneko ukunyanzelisa nangoko umlomo nokusetyenziswa kwezi sayithi ukuze agcine ingqibelelo zendalo. urhulumente waseSoviet kanye kwiminyaka eli-10 sagqiba ukuba imimandla wadala Central Chernozem State Nature Biosphere Reserve.

Lo mmandla reserve

Kwisigqibo ngokumalunga nokumiselwa reserve wathabatha Elawulayo Central leKomiti Elawulayo. Central Chernozem Biosphere Reserve wathabatha intsimi, lingana ne ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-4.5 amawaka eehektare.

Ekuqaleni, lo msebenzi yokukugcina iindawo emathafeni ye ngokusebenzisana zonke iintlobo lwamahlathi ziye wabeka phambi kulawulo reserve. Injongo yale - ukufunda ngakumbi iinkqubo ukuyilwa wamatye kule ndawo, kwakunye emaqeleni nobudlelwane ezintsonkothileyo kunye namahlathi. Kwakhona, zebhayoloji abanomdla kweempembelelo amahlathi ukuba kuliwe izifundo nembalela, apho intle esemantla eRussia ukuba ukulima.

Ngowe-1971 Wamisa ummandla ukhuseleko kulo myezo. Kwaye ngo-1988 yaye yahlaziywa yaza yandiswa ukuba ukude kangangeekhilomitha ezintathu. Okwangoku, i-Central Black Umhlaba karhulumente reserve kuthatha indawo ye 28.5 amawaka eehektare.

Ixabiso ubutyebi zendalo yengingqi kulinganiswa kuphela eRashiya. Central Black Soil uzibekele kubo. Alekhine uye isiqinisekiso CE.

karhulumente yangoku

Lo Reserve wayengomnye loovimba yokuqala onokuphila ukuvela kwi USSR. Apho bagcine baze bafunde indlela ngokwendalo kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo emadlelweni-emathafeni nsimu.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa impembelelo yezenzo zabantu malunga nezi nkqubo. Reserve Administration namhlanje uphuhlisa imisebenzi zinceda ukugcina nokubuyisela uluntu zomthonyama zendalo.

Esinye sezifundo ezingundoqo zokufunda kweli reserve - umhlaba omnyama. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umhlaba wethu ngexesha omnyama, ethe okwangoku phantsi elima - buyinto ezinqabe kakhulu. Bona ingqalelo benchmark ukuba zifundwe ukuvavanya ifuthe lazo kwezolimo mihla. Ukususela ngo-1975, i-Central Chernozem karhulumente reserve yendalo isetyenziswa rhoqo ukwenzela uvavanyo ubuchwepheshe bale mihla lokudubula izinto zendalo kunye baxhomekeka.

Ubutyebi bendalo egciniweyo

Njengazo zonke oovimba kummandla Central Black Umhlaba, oko has a izilwanyana esisityebi kunene. Luhlanganisa emaqeleni ezisemantla kunye engcotyeni, ngokunjalo oki.

Abaphandi baye zibale endaweni yayo izityalo ngaphezu kwesinye ezingamawaka amabini anamanci semithambo, kubandakanywa ezinqabileyo kunye Olubomvu. Malunga nama-86 eentlobo zezityalo ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela, ngoko ukhuseleko lwabo kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye ebalulekileyo.

Malunga 25 hectares ithatha utyani relict. Indima ebalulekileyo kummandla endalo Reserve ludlala ityholwana evergreen ezifana, UDaphne njenge inkabi yehagu. Emideni yonke ziqithi ingafumaneka utyani emathafeni kunye eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo. Kukho kuphela mushroom-macromycetes kukho iintlobo malunga 200. Abangela ukuba kungabonwa ngeliso lenyama.

jikelele silwane

Izityebi izilwanyana abahlali reserve. Kuyinto lilikhaya leentlobo neqhelekileyo ngakumbi kwiinkalo ikhephu zendalo. Umzekelo, kukho malunga-50 iintlobo ezincancisayo.

iintlobo 35 intlanzi, 10 - eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, no-5 - ezirhubuluzayo. Phantse 200 entlobo nezigcawu, ezinye zazo ohlala kwimimandla emathafeni solondolozo, kwaye abanye - emancamini ehlathini. Apha uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana phantse amawaka amane iintlobo zezinambuzane.

A inzalelwane Kursk Reserve - deer. Yeyona ikratshi kunye nokuhambela ikhadi kummandla Kursk. Nebhadi, nelinqa ifumaneka kuphela kwezinye iindawo kule ndawo zendalo. Kukho kwakhona kuphila ezinakazi emhlabeni unomatse, nembila, iimbila, martens, iimpungutye. ungulates abaninzi, ingakumbi iihagu zasendle ukuba ezityalwe ngokukhutheleyo phantsi nokukhuselwa umntu ngenxa ban kwi ezingela kwi reserve. Noko ke, xa ukuphazamisa ulungelelwaniso, inani labo alawule umntu. Ngokufanayo, beza bevela iingcuka, ukuba emahlathini ekhuselweyo indawo yokuhlala ekhuselekileyo.

Iintaka e Kursk reserve

iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-220 iintaka bahlala leendima ezakha Reserve nokusungula. Oku ekhaya ukuba malunga nama-80% yazo zonke iintaka abahlala kummandla Kursk. Kwezi, malunga 90 indlwane apha uhlobo.

Inani elikhulu partridges ephilileyo izagwityi, leyo bephathwa abantu abavela kwezinye iindawo, apho waqalisa ukuphuhlisa ngenkuthalo ezolimo. Bhabha inqwaba km kunye Swallows akha. Kwezi ndawo bafumana indawo yokuhlala kunye nokutya.

NgoJuni, phantse zonke inyathelo uyakwazi ukuva Trill of iinightingale edumileyo Kursk, leyo nokuba benikezela iingoma kunye ezimnandi. Emaqeleni kunye larks nokucula ephaphazelayo, ngokufuthi wafumana amanqe, njengokhetshe njengesangxa.

Apha sihlala kunye intaka ezinqabileyo inyama - Honey nesangxa ukusuka umyalelo Falconiformes.

uphando lwezenzululwazi

I-Reserve likwaqhuba inani elikhulu iinzululwazi bazibandakanya zophando ezahlukeneyo. Lo mxholo uphambili uninzi phando enxulumene kusakhelwa nesifundo iinkqubo zendalo. Le ibandakanya ukonganyelwa imozulu, umhlaba, intsimi, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, yonke ubukumkani izilwanyana. Ukuqokelela nokugcina ikhalenda wendalo.

Ebudeni beminyaka emva yiSoviet Union iwa Kursk abaphandi baye basebenza ingekho ngaphantsi kwe ngamaxesha Soviet. iiprojekthi zophando ngaphezulu kwama-30 ziye zaphuhliswa. Apha zibanjwa rhoqo kusenziwa abafundi baseyunivesithi, hayi kuphela eRashiya. Ezayo oososayensi eselula Austria, eSweden naseSwitzerland. Kwakhona abanomdla ingxaki bomhlaba abamnyama indlela ephakathi.

Le ncwadi Red

Mhlawumbi impumelelo ebalulekileyo wabaphandi - hlelo le-Red Book of kummandla Kursk. Oko kwaba sisiphumo iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi kunye amashumi matutu. Le ncwadi ibonisa yonke iyantlukwano eziphilayo ukuba ingafunyanwa kwi kwintsimi reserve.

Namhlanje, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka. Reserve Ngoku abasebenzi abasebenza kwi edishini entsha ye-Book oluBomvu, neya kubandakanya izinto ezintsha kunye nophando. ashicilelwe ukuqokelelwa yenzululwazi kunye esebenzayo rhoqo "Studies kwiNcwadi Red Data kummandla Kursk."

Ipapashwe ngodaba ekhethekileyo enikelwe neentlobo ezizodwa ezintakeni kummandla Kursk.

Eco-tourism

In Kursk Reserve aza ekuphuhliseni nokhenketho olujongene nokusingqongileyo. Rhoqo ngonyaka kukho ezityelelwe malunga 3 enesiqingatha amawaka iindwendwe. Kubo, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinomdla kunye ezizodwa.

Okokuqala, yinto yimyuziyam wendalo. Lunikeza imiboniso nama-250. Kukho igumbi eqhelekileyo, nto leyo ithetha ngembali nokudalwa ebekelwe bucala, abantu bema umthombo wayo, kwakunye ichaza ilizwe apho yahlulwe. Kwigumbi yesibini ungafumana siqhelane awohluke yemozulu zasekuhlaleni kunye nemihlaba. Eyesithathu lizisa izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Kwigumbi lesine igcinelwe reserve wavelisa amaphepha enzululwazi kunye monographs.

Okwesibini, ungaya ecaleni umendo eziphilayo. Abakhenkethi mabavule i "Streletskaya step" okanye "nakwigcume Sacred".

Okwesithathu, kukho kwakhona ezinika zabo lwembali nenkcubeko. Ezi ziquka ilitye ngenkulungwane imikrolo XI, ekuthiwa "mfazi ilitye". Kodwa amawaka eqingqiweyo, ukuba isiganeko ngembali asusela emva kwenkulungwane ye-17. Ezi eqingqiweyo zabekwa ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, ukuze ubonise indlela endleleni. "Abafazi Stone" babegqalwa bambi, babanqula wenyusa amadini ookhokho bethu.