Kwiphondo Orel: imbali kwiphondo Orel

Ngenxa kwindawo yayo, kwakunye lemveli lenkcubeko kwiphondo Oryol kubhekwe iziko nje kuphela, kodwa intliziyo Russia. Ukudala isixeko yayo ephambili Eagle inxulunyaniswa ebukumkanini Ivana Groznogo, kwaye ukuyilwa ngeenxa kwiphondo kwenzeka ebudeni bolawulo uCatherine Omkhulu.

Sasiyintoni kwiphondo kunye idolophu yayo ephambili, ungabona ukusuka nqaku.

indawo

kwiphondo Orel yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya yaye kamva Soviet Russia. It owayekho 1796 ukuya 1928. Ise kwinxalenye yaseYurophu kweli lizwe, kuba erhangqwe amaphondo zilandelayo:

• Ukulungela ukusebenza, Tula, Kursk (ngentla).
• Kursk (South).
• Voronezh (empumalanga).
• Smolenskaya, Chervigiv (entshona).

Le ndawo ezikwere zeekhilomitha angaphezu kwamashumi amane anesithandathu, yaye abemi bafikelela kwizigidi ezibini. Le dolophu eliyinhloko Eagle.

Imbali komhlaba

kwiphondo Orel wadalwa ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo, kodwa phambi kokuba la mazwe nokuxubana waphila. kwakhe nabemi bamandulo ingqalelo vyatichi. Ngenkulungwane leshumi elinanye, wadala sisixeko sokuqala ukuze awukhusele izizwe ezikhohlakeleyo Polovtsy kunye Pechenegs.

De kwinkulungwane yeshumi, ilizwe phantsi kuhlaselo ezininzi nentshabalalo ngenxa ye Mongol ukuhlasela, yaye kamva kulawula Lithuania kunye Poland. Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kweli xesha le ulawulo Bryansk, ibekwe phezu amazwe kwiphondo elizayo.

Imbali kwiphondo Oryol ezinxulumene ukuvela isixeko Orel. Unyaka ka isahlakalo wayo ithathwa 1566 th-. Orlowski kwakheka kwisiphaluka Ukususela ngelo xesha. Ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo, kwiphondo Oryol yaba yinxalenye yephondo of Kiev, yaye kamva ababekolo Belgorod, de ekugqibeleni sibe ilicandelo sezopolitiko bukhosi.

Imbali kwiphondo

Ngowe-1778, uKumkanikazi uCatherine II wakhupha umyalelo, apho yamiselwa kwiphondo Orel. Ekuqaleni, oko yahlulwe yaba counties ezilishumi, nangona kuyo yonke imbali, inani labo itshintshile. waba iziko kwezopolitiko, inkolo namasiko kwisixeko Eagle.

Emva 1917, iphondo liye lathatha iminyaka elishumi elinanye de uyekwa. Ngo-1937 Iwenzíwa kummandla Orel, eziquka yinxalenye yephondo yangaphambili. Isixeko ephambili kummandla kwakhiwa waba Eagle kwakhona.

city Eagle

kwiphondo Orel, iifoto ezo zithiwe thaca neemephu zembali, bekusoloko ezinxulumene ne isixeko yayo engundoqo. We abamisela ukuba ngo-1566 (njengoko kukhankanywa kulo i Nikon Chronicle). Ngeli xesha, ngengqibo Ivan IV labangcangcazelisi Eagle wasungula inqaba ukukhusela kumda osemazantsi ubukumkani.

Ukususela 1577 it kwaku Cossack Sloboda. Sasihlala Cossacks yakhe edolophini. Le ndawo yaba ibandla ngomthi, leyo kuthiwa umqondo.

Ngowe-1605 apho esixekweni yathatha Lzhedmitry kuqala kunye nomkhosi. Yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva saba yokuhlala False nguDmitry II. Emva kweminyaka embalwa sesixeko kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo izibonda ekhokelwa A. Lisowski. Buyisela kuphela ngo-1636, ngenxa yokuba kubaluleke ngokukodwa ukukhusela amazwe Russian ukusuka Tatar anzima.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, kumda ubukumkani wenjenjeya ukuya ezantsi. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni enqabeni kweyeshumi elinesibhozo kwi Orel uyekwa, baphulukene intsingiselo yalo ukuzithethelela. Esi sixeko waqalisa ukugxininisa urhwebo okuziinkozo, waza waba embindini kwiphondo Oryol wadala, apho kamva similise kwiphondo, yaye namhlanje yi ariya ye Russian Federation.

Ukuphuhlisa lo mzi waba kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Ngeli xesha, lenziwe nombekelelo wamatye, ukudala ukhuseleko emlilweni yobungcali ezidolophini, ifakelwe umyalezo yocingo, liphuhlise zebhanki, kwakukho amanzi. kaloliwe zinoboya kunye indlela bayigubungele Eagle yalo kumazwe Ukraine, ummandla iVolga, kumazwe eBaltic kwaye, kakade, eMoscow. Oku wamvumela ukuba yothutho hub emikhulu.

abantu eziphawulekayo phondo

kuba Inkcazelo kwiphondo Oryol akaphelelanga ngaphandle ukukhankanywa babantu ezibalaseleyo mmandla. On komhlaba iye amafa ezininzi iintsapho odumileyo Russian amanene. Orlovschine ezinxulumene amagama ababhali afana Turgenev I. S., Fet A. A., Prishvin M., Pisarev D. I.

Ezinxulumene nokubonakala inani elikhulu ababhali, zobulumko, ababhali-mbali kula mazwe kunye nendalo zayo ezintle, amasiko abantu lomthonyama nesithethe nabalimi sisilumko.