Kookrebe - yinto intlanzi okanye sisilwanyana esincancisayo? Igama ookrebe. Katran - photo

ezizingelayo intlanzi, abemi eziyingozi enobundlobongela yolwandle, izilwanyana badala abaziwayo - Shark. Ngoko ke kuzakuthathwa, yaye kukholelwa zizigidi zabantu, ukufumana ulonwabo nolwazi malunga ezi zidalwa eyodwa Hollywood amabali Thriller-kukududuzela. Sijonga oko sikwaziyo ezi zidalwa emangalisayo abakho kakhulu ngaphambili ngaphezu kwimpucuko yehlabathi yaye ngokugqibeleleyo apha naphaya kubomi banamhlanje. Yintoni ukrebe? Le intlanzi okanye sisilwanyana esincancisayo?

fish emangalisayo

Besayensi neentyilalwazi bathi ookrebe - .. intlanzi Cartilaginous, oko kukuthi emzimbeni ukuba akananto inyama ithambo eyahlukileyo nto ibalasele ngamandla kukuba ukusuka oogxa babo namhlanje yokuhlala. Kunye ukungabikho kumaqweqwe kumculo kunye neempawu zolwakhiwo lwezi zinto scales, intlala Ostyak kubonisa uhlobo abangekaphuhli yentlangano, kodwa kwi imvelaphi yawo yamandulo: kuyaziwa ukuba kwiminyaka million 400 eyadlulayo, ezi ntlanzi kunge- elwandle. Ngaphandle koku, ookrebe omnye iintlobo ezininzi obuphambili karhataka wolwandle yeentlanzi. Kangangexesha elide obo bume esoloko itshintsha, yokuba naphaya ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye ngoku siphile ngokuvisisana ntlanzi nokudleka mihla kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle, ongekho ngaphantsi kubo nokuba ngesantya okanye dexterity okanye izakhono ukuzingela. Uluhlu lweentlobo ukrebe ngaphezulu kwama-400, polar zahlukile emanzini intle anzongonzongo, ayifiki kukhule 17-20 cm, ukuya Giant - ukrebe, esikhulu imitha-20 multi-ton isilwanyana.

An umahluko ebalulekileyo ukusuka intlanzi ingamathambo zizalisiwe yaye lokuyivelisa. Ezinye iintlobo ookrebe - viviparous, okt, kuzala eziphilayo ... Abanye ibeka amaqanda, ikhuselwe inwebu zamafu. Asizizo zonke iimfihlelo ubomi babo zivulekile: kukho iintlobo amahlebo yokuzala wenzala nolusasebenzayo nangoku imfihlakalo. Ngoko ke, ntonje nanku umbuzo: "? Shark - kuba intlanzi okanye sisilwanyana esincancisayo"

iimpawu uhlobo

skeleton Cartilaginous kunye nokungabikho ithambo - iimpawu eziphambili ngolwalamano yezi nentlanzi Iqela lezilwanyana, umbutho kwakudala. Kodwa ke, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, oku akuthinteli ukrebe abalihlali phantse kuzo zonke elwandle wonke umhlaba, ixesha elide ubuqaqawuli umhlaseli kakhulu ndlongondlongo kunye yingozi. Ukongeza, indalo Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhusela esi silwanyana emangalisayo. Kunzima ukufumana into ngakumbi yokuzithethelela, ngaphezu isikali, leyo ukrebe. Ifunyanwa ukusuka entloko ukuya nomsila wayo, kwebala, oku kufana satin daka, kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuba ukubamba isandla kwicala elahlukileyo - ukusuka umsila entloko: vopyutsya amazinyo abukhali kungena esikhumbeni. lokukhuhla ngoboya kuthelekiswa nale khuselo ogqibeleleyo - sifana ityhafile.

Cinga isikali sixhobo. Isikali nganye mayixhotyiswe neentlanzi cartilaginous AD kwincam encinane, uMqoshelisi. Top camera Umaleko spike lwawo oluhlala, noseko lwalo nokwandisa spliced kunye isikhumba iintlanzi. Izalelwe yale kwisisu iqulethe imithambo yegazi kunye namasebe luvo. Izikali ubukhulu kwi umzimba intlanzi ezahlukeneyo: intloko yeyona ezinkulu, ameva emlonyeni kookrebe, eliqela ukutshintsha, akusekho ikhuselwe nesikhumba abe ukuhlaselwa isixhobo esibukhali kwaye kakhulu yingozi - amazinyo yinzwakazi.

The main isikhali

Njengoko esikalini elungisiweyo, amazinyo ukrebe akhe uvalo engqongqo kwimiqolo eziliqela. Ngaphezulu kobomi le amazinyo utshaba kukhula rhoqo, kwaye lingonakali of kumqolo omnye ihlume entsha, ibekwe ubunzulu kwisisu. Ukukhonza amazinyo ukrebe ukuhlafuna ukutya. Ukuze wenze oku, akakwazi. injongo yazo - ukubamba ixhoba, linyothule ndawaphula, ukuba imginye ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ookrebe imilo eyahlukeneyo amazinyo, nto leyo ibinyanzeliswa awohluke of yokuphila. Bottom intlanzi zokondla eziphilayo abe iqokobhe esiqinileyo kunye kumphezulu amazinyo tyaba exabe ikwazi ukhuselo lime batyumke. Fish ezizingelayo babe amazinyo elide elibukhali bayibize ihamba imveliso okanye ububanzi kunye ngohlangothi wona aqoqiwe yaye wayefuna lelokuchitha umbingelelo enkulu inyama. In planktonic sharks kufuneka ngezinyo kukho kancinane, kufuneka ezi ndidi amancinci, sasinda kufikelela 3-5 mm.

Enye inkalo iintlanzi cartilaginous - akukho dj ezikuyo. indima yabo udlalwa nge 5-7 slits kumculo esemva intloko, imali leyo emiselwe iimbono yenani lookrebe, kwaye ubukho isici esasenza. Nangona kunjalo, bonke emanzini la marhamncwa, evelisa ioksijini ukusuka amanzi wadlula iigilizi yayo. Ubukho isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, uphawu ngenxa yamanzi, unika impendulo alupheli lo mbuzo: "Shark - kuba intlanzi okanye sisilwanyana esincancisayo?"

amangalisayo: ingqiqo ukujoja, izixhobo elektroretseptorny kunye nenkqubo komgca osecaleni

Ukuze zazi amathuba ookrebe zinuka akunakwenzeka. Le yenye kwiindlela ezininzi eziphambili ezisisiseko nemizwa. Amalinge lubonise nje uvakalelo oluphezulu ukuba amavumba yeentlanzi, yaye kuyamangalisa ngokwenene. Kookrebe banokuyifumana ivumba igazi, exutywe amanzi ngokomlinganiselo we-1: 1.000.000, kwaye gqolo usebenzisa ingqiqo ivumba xa sifuna imveliso okanye yokwandisa amaqabane ngexesha lokuzala. Ngo kwenkcazo into, mhlawumbi ngaphandle kakhulu asijoje, ubandakanya kwakhona nezinye izigqeba neenkqubo kweendlebe, ukungcamla namaqhina kunye nomgca osecaleni, ibekwe phezu komhlaba umzimba intlanzi, ukukwazi kengoku zombini intshukumo ngoomatshini negligibly buthathaka, kwaye incinane oscillations ephantsi-rhoqo emanzini kwaye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuzingeleni, ukunxibelelana nabanye kunye noqhelwaniso.

Kukho nokucingela kodwa imibono yesayensi malunga ukukwazi ezidla ukufaka amavumba, isasazwe phezu emoyeni, yintoni eyabangela abaphandi kuyinqaba ookrebe ezimhlophe. Isoloko uchola ubuso ngaphezu phezu kwamanzi, ngokungathi isezele.

Lahamba ukuzabalaza ukukwazi elikhethekileyo ukubona ukrebe ixhoba lweentshukumo zakhe wadalwa izihlunu bokuphefumla kwentliziyo, namasimi zombane kunye ombane okungenamsebenzi. uphononongo oluthatha ixesha elide-elide yokufuduka ezinye iintlobo kumgama ngokwaneleyo elide kumgca othe ngqo kutyhilwa ithuba lokuqhelaniswa nezifundo zabo lo mhlaba otsalayo yomhlaba.

emehlweni

Ukohluka izilwanyana kwakhona igxininisa isakhiwo ethile iliso, ekukhuseleni ukusuka kwizinto ezingaphandle kunye acuity olubonakalayo obalaseleyo. Iimpawu zomzimba cebo ukrebe ziyafumaneka kwinkulungwane ukuqhwanyazaemva, wajika iliso ngexesha uhlaselo kwixhoba, ngaloo ndlela ukhusela kuyo umonakalo. Xa ubulungisa, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ayizizo zonke iintlobo kuba iinkophe. Aba bantu ngexesha uhlaselo ixhoba eziqengqelekayo kwamehlo abo.

Ngapha koko, ookrebe neso umaleko ekhethekileyo kubonakalisa zilahlwe emva retina, iphucula uvakalelo kulo mzimba kwaye kakhulu ukwanda acuity olubonakalayo ekukhanyeni low. Namhlanje, akukho nto kufuna bubungqina obubonakalisa ukuba umbono ezinye iintlobo zentlanzi ukugqitha abantu.

yokuzala ookrebe

Ngokwahlukileyo neentlanzi nokudleka avelisa izigidi amaqanda, lokwanda ngohlobo lwabo ookrebe ekujoliswe ngakumbi kumgangatho ngaphezu komthamo wazo. iimpawu uphawu zeentlanzi cartilaginous - kwezichumiso lwangaphakathi, kunye ovoviviparity eqhelekileyo viviparity kakhulu kakhulu kunciphise inzala ukufa, ukuvumela ukuqinisekisa izinga basinde kunye wenzala ephantsi.

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo, ookrebe inokuba egglayers, viviparous kunye ovoviviparous. Iqanda-ngokubekwa yi phantse isahlulo sesithathu zonke iintlobo. Emva kokukhulelwa, imazi lwangaphakathi izala amaqanda, ijeli iiproteins camera umaleko ukhuselwe kwiqokobhe nzima phezu kwalo, ukhusela imixholo kumonakalo lwangaphandle emzimbeni. iqanda na ubonelelo emikhulu izondlo, oko akuthethi yome ngexesha kwinkqubela phambili epheleleyo ndiseyimbumba, leyo, kufanele kuphawulwe kakhulu elide. Njengomthetho jikelele, ngexesha nye isalityaziswa imali encinane amaqanda-1 ukuya kwiBakala 12. Le ngaphandle nje ukrebe polar sibekela amaqanda 500 ubude 8 cm Uphuhliso olucothayo bemveku kunokuba byi kona - ukrebe encinane baqulunqa ngokugqibeleleyo apha ebomini yaye yahlukile ngobukhulu abadala kuphela ..

Ovoviviparity isici esasenza kukuba ukuqanduselwa evela amaqanda aqhamileyo kuhlala umama oselula oviduct ixesha elithile, ukuzalwa kwaye ziphuhliswe ngokugqibeleleyo esokhelwe ukuba ubukho elizimeleyo. Ulwazi malunga ethwele inzala kwiintlobo ovoviviparous kufuneka kucaciswe. Ngokutsho kwabanye, eli xesha isusela ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka emibini, ezifana nengwane dogfish, irekhodi phakathi zonke lomqolo.

Esizalweni ngexesha elifanayo live-zithwele iintlobo akhule ukuya ku 30-80 iimbumba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uhlobo lookrebe kunye indlela yokuzala, andisa zonke ambalwa abalaseleyo, kodwa ekwaziyo nenzala eziphilayo ezizimeleyo.

kwizidalwa shark

Uninzi lwezi njengeentlanzi asasazwa kwi ezilwandle, abahlala kwikholam amanzi avela kumphezulu ukuya kubunzulu kweekhilomitha ezimbini, kwaye zihlelwa amarhamncwa wokwenene. Kodwa kule ntsapho, kukho iimeko: megamouth, basking, umnenga nezinye iintlobo ezininzi ookrebe mdla filter, kwizidalwa ukutya, intlanzi amancinane squid.

It ingqalelo weminenga neshumi basking ookrebe kunawo wonke, ubude-20 no-15 leemitha. Njengoko iintlanzi planktonic, ukuba uthe chu, umlomo mbobo embindini ezisebenzisanayo kwizidalwa banishing amanzi ngokusebenzisa mingxuma kumculo kunye ezikhethekileyo waso-iipleyiti, nokuyicoca umthamo omkhulu wamanzi kunye nokuzomba kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezinkulu kwe-2 mm.

Imalunga idlala iintlobo planktonic ulwazi mncinane kakhulu. Ngoko ke, lo ngowona elide bengaziwa ubomi ukrebe basking. Whale - iqanda-ngokubekwa. Amaqanda babekwa ifikelela ubungakanani omhle kunene: ubude unokuba 0.7 m, ububanzi - 0.4 m Ngaphandle ubungakanani omkhulu, iifoto ukrebe kwizidalwa iintlanzi zithiwe thaca kweli nqaku, oko ungalwi kwaye kade kakhulu ..

Ihlabathi ookrebe iyamangalisa nezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo bottom-zokuphila sisitya intlanzi kunye ezingenamqolo, ezifana cat encinane, ubungakanani akukho ngaphezulu kwe-1 eemitha ubude. Iintlobo ekujoliswe lo dogfish nengwane, dogfish ezinameva, ifoto yayo nayo thaca kweli nqaku.

imboni ezinameva dogfish

Katran, kunye kwande kuphela iintlobo abahlala kuLwandle Black. Lo shaka ulwandle kakhulu kubanda-bothando akakhethi amanzi efudumeleyo. Mhlawumbi oku kuchaza ukuba kuLwandle Black nengwane dogfish azifane ufikelela imitha 1 ubude, ngoxa kuLwandle North ubukhulu yale intlanzi 1.5-2 m. Le dogfish nengwane phantse abaze bavuke nomphezulu emanzini kwaye asihambelani ukuya elunxwemeni. Baphila kubunzulu ngokwaneleyo, de ifu ezinkulu. Katrana zidle ezingenamqolo benthic nentlanzi bottom - flounder, whiting, ngempumelelo ixhoba kwi wawukwazi anchovy.

Yintoni na okuphawuleka ukuba dogfish nengwane - intlanzi ovoviviparous, ogama ukukhulelwa ithatha ixesha kakhulu elide - ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2. Akulyata wazalwa ukulungele ngokupheleleyo ngenxa irhamncwa ubomi abadala. Itshixwe abantu, ekhuselekileyo neliyingqondi, bekhula ngaphandle iingxaki ezininzi kakhulu. Ezi ukrebe elwandle ukhuselekile abantu. Andisoze ukudada kufutshane ukuhlamba. inkqubo Incredible ngayo ingqiqo aphuhlileyo kakhulu ivumba kengoku amaza oscillation encinane inceda katranov baphephe yokuxubusha nabantu. Imihlambi iintlanzi kufutshane elunxwemeni ekwindla emva kwexesha. Ngoko ke ngexesha lokuloba iqala. Second ookrebe igama - nengwane - anikwe katranov akulambathanga. Le ntlanzi iyakwazi ukunikezela kwiinkathazo xa kuvela trawl. It has a isikali umsindo nje kuphela, kodwa spikes ezibukhali phambi amaphiko amanakani, leyo emazantsi unamadlala yinyongo. Xa wadibana nabo ungafumana inxalenye ityhefu, nangona akubulali, kodwa ukuzisa ezinye ngokuphazamiseka. Ezazibanjwa kakhulu onesisa katrana Atlantic Ocean maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba ukubamba ukuya ku-20,000 intlanzi laphawula.

dogfish nengwane - intlanzi nje emnandi, ukuba nokuthantamisa kakhulu yaye ngokuqinisekileyo luncedo. Ezandleni iyakwazi ukuvuleka elungileyo katrana inyama uyose iba okuluncuthu esihle, esempilweni kunye emnandi. ulawulo lecebo ekulungiseleleni inyama shark ngawona igazi mandatory ngoko nangoko emva kokuba intlanzi ukubanjwa. It enamanani amakhulu ammonia. Ukuba musa balahle imveliso yegazi zonakale. Inzuzo ezinjalo izitya yinto yokuba akukho amathambo enyameni yabo, ngenxa yokuba le ntlanzi - intlala.

Kuyi kunye nesikhumba katranov. khumba iipropati Abrasive katranov basoloko isetyenziswa iinkosi bamashishini abaninzi: evela abachweli, cabinetmakers zemithi, ukuba furriers.

tiger shark

ulunge ngokupheleleyo igama kweendudumo yeelwandle yimvula, tiger shark, ukuthobela ezimhlophe inani kokuhlaselwa abhalwe abantu, ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba kwipesenteji zokusweleka emva kokuba iintlanganiso kunye naye. Igama shark ukuchaza iimpawu zayo lwangaphandle. Tiger shark (tiger okanye elwandle), ngoko igama ngenxa eentsontelo yobumnyama emnqamlezweni kwisiqalo ongwevu, antsundu okanye ezibuhlazarha-izimvi omzimba ekuhambeni kwexesha. Khetha amanzi nzulu, ezi ooKrebe kunqabile sisehla sibe ngaphantsi kweemitha 300, amanzi abandayo zange nomtsalane kubo. ubukhulu fish Balaseleyo - 7-8 eemitha ubude yaye ubunzima malunga ton - wayifaka kwiqela lweentlobo ezinkulu. Imilo iimeko komzimba kunye nentloko enkulu, empumlweni yaba buthuntu, slits kumculo 5th kunye nomlomo enkulu imihlathi zixhotyiswe nge 280-300 skrebkoobraznymi flat amazinyo wona aqoqiwe yaye kukho ephuhliswe kakuhle lobe eliphezulu eyinqaba caudal - oku inkcazelo engaphelelanga sentlanzi yingozi.

Tigers Sea Bayifaka wakhetha indawo, azikuthandi ukuhamba ngaphandle endawo yokulala. Ukuba utshaba elilolo, ingwe ookrebe maxa wambi n'ekiweebwayo qela, ukuba ukutya okwaneleyo. Kodwa ke amaxesha amaninzi ukuba balihambahambe endaweni yedwa.

Ekudleni ezi marhamncwa benza pinnipeds ezanyisayo, dolphins, intlanzi, zasemanzini kunye namalungu kakhulu yohlobo lwazo. Bathe zezitya ukuze imixholo izisu zabo, abanikela iseti lezinto bakude ukutya okunjani, kumangaliswa abaphandi. Ebudeni boLawulo lwakhe ookrebe tiger zezitya emba ukubizwa "scavengers yolwandle." Kodwa ngaphezu ofanelekileyo kubo kukukwazi bajije isisu ngomlomo siwabeka emanzini, nto leyo evumela ukuba balahle izinto indigestible ngokupheleleyo ezifana iinkonkxa, iingxowa, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yenkunkuma.

Lo shaka yingozi omelwe ukwenziwa ovoviviparous, kwandikhuthaza inzala yabo iinyanga 14-16 uze uzale inkunkuma ukuya ku 80 ookrebe, ukuya kwisiqingatha semitha ngasinye.

omhlophe Great

Kakhulu irhamncwa elikhulu ndlongo - Shark White okanye karharodon, ende kwaye ngokuqinileyo ubambe igunya khunubembe inani zokuhlaselwa kwabantu, ifumaneka amanzi komhlaba zonke iilwandle komhlaba, ngaphandle Arctic, lukhetha sezulu onomoya kwaye kufudumele. Emanzini abandayo kubhaliwe alifumaneki, yaye akahlali kumanzi ityuwa okanye amtyuba. Umzekelo, kwi-Sea Black aliveli karharodon. Inokufane ukudibana shark enkulu emhlophe kunxweme California kufutshane nesiqithi Mexican ka Guadeloupe, uthi xhaxhe kunye eAdriya, kufuphi nonxweme New Zealand, apho ukudada benjengemihlanjana. Yolwandle, apho in excess afumaneka iingonyama ulwandle amatywina okanye, ingakumbi wayemthanda la marhamncwa. Kuba kukholelwa ukuba ubukho rhoqo unxweme ookrebe ezimhlophe ixesha elide, Noko ke, kwakungqina ukuba le ntlanzi abasuka elunxwemeni California ukuya ezinezinga Afrika, uya unyaka ngaphezulu kwama-20 amawaka km.

Njengoko uninzi irhamncwa enkulu mihla (ezinye ifikelele kubude ngaphezu 10 kweemitha ezinobunzima umzimba tonnes ukuya ku 3.5), omhlophe akuthethi mbingelelo naziphi na amathuba yokusinda. igama layo kule hlobo umbala luyafuneka iindawo esiswini - ukukhanya okanye off-ezimhlophe. Le amaphiko yinxalenye ngemibala mnyama: hina, oluhlaza. Njengazo zonke iintlobo yenani lookrebe, omhlophe akukho iqamza umoya, nto leyo echaza intshukumo rhoqo yeentlanzi.

Kuba ukutya nayo uphambene ngaphezu udade wayo ingwe. shark Small uyazondla eliphakathi-ertyisi intlanzi, izilwanyana. Khula amatywina karharodony Hunt, dolphins, intlanzi enkulu kunye namalungu ezincinane eziphilayo. Abadala musa ukuya kugqitha kumnenga abatsha okanye uyagula, yayisoloko benza uhlaselo imenza obalaseleyo Committe, nto leyo eqinisekisa kuphela phambi ubuchule babo ngokwasengqondweni. Lo shaka yingozi kudala wabonisa ukuba kube nzima kakhulu ngenxa yaso nasiphi na imveliso.

Kancinci okwaziwayo malunga nokuzala. Njengazo zonke iindidi ezininzi ovoviviparous kunye kokumitha ixesha elingangeenyanga ezili-11, emva koko kukho 1-2 amathole naphaya kubomi elizimeleyo. Namhlanje, inani labemi ookrebe ezimhlophe lehla ngokukhawuleza, ehlabathini lonke kukho ngamaceba akukho ngaphezu kwama 3,500. Uhlobo kuluhlu kwiNcwadi oluBomvu.

Ookrebe kulwandle - njengomboniso nezinomtsalane mathumbu ngexesha elifanayo. Kuyinto olukwazi kunye nemihlali, yaye ndihlise athuke kakhulu. Ngubani babona nje iifoto ezinkulu yenani lookrebe, kodwa umhlambi abazingeli ezimhlophe ngokobuqu, Ndingawulibali le ngonaphakade. Ngapha koko, nkqu imizobo iintlanzi yokuphanga useza ubungqola. World sharks - an amazing, kumnandi kwaye kuyingozi. Yamandulo neyanamhlanje sidalwa enogonyamelo irhamncwa kuhlangana kwi isilwanyana ekhethekileyo, ukuzoba ingqalelo, ixesha kwakhona nokudala mbuzo: "Shark - kuba intlanzi okanye sisilwanyana esincancisayo?"