Eyes inkalo: yintoni umahluko ukusuka zesiqhelo?

Xa Ukudaleka ezinye izilwanyana kuvela izixhobo ngokulula okubonakalayo. Ezi ngokuqinisekileyo ziquka kuyinkalo amehlo. Baye kwasekwa izinambuzane ezineqokobhe, ezinye arthropods kunye ezingenamqolo. Yintoni eyahlukileyo ukusuka emehlweni elula inkalo, ziziphi iimpawu zayo eziphambili? Sithetha ngayo izinto namhlanje.

amehlo isici

Le nkqubo enombala, ukukrwaqula, apho kungekho retina olulodwa. Kwaye zonke ezenza ezidityanisiweyo retinula (s) ezincinane, zakha umaleko khaxa ukungaqukathi kwalapho ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, iliso sakhiwa nobuninzi leeyunithi ngamnye - ommatidium, ukuhlanganisa kungena imboniselo kwinkqubo iyonke.

Eyes nkalo semvelo ukuya umzekelo, izinambuzane, yahlukile ukusuka binocular (azalwa kuquka umntu) definition ihlwempu iinkcukacha emihle. Kodwa uyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi oscillation ukukhanya (300 Hz) ngoxa abantu umda amathuba - 50 Hz. A inwebu le hlobo nangoku iliso na isakhiwo tubular. Ngenxa yale ezininzi amehlo azinazo iimpawu refraction njengoko ezikude okanye izinto ezikufutshane kuphela, akukho kusebenza kubo ingqikelelo yokuhlala.

Ezinye iimpawu isakhiwo kunye nombono

Uninzi izinambuzane amalungu umbono ziyathandwa inxalenye enkulu entloko, yaye eneneni kunjalo. Umzekelo, kwi iliso inkalo yedragonfly kuqulatha 30,000 amasuntswana, ezakha isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. Butterflies - 17,000 ommatidia, impukane - 4000, kwi inyosi - 5. Inani liphantsi amasuntswana le mbovane ngumsebenzi - iziqwenga 100.

Binocular okanye inkalo?

Uhlobo lokuqala kwimboniselo ivumela ukuqonda umthamo izinto, iinkcukacha zabo encinane, ukuvavanya umgama ukuya izinto kunye nelungiselelo zawo ngokunxulumene nesebe ngalinye. Noko ke, stereopsis kwabantu kuphela engile degrees 45. Ukuba ufuna isishwankathelo esipheleleyo nangaphezulu intshukumo ukhozo lweliso eqhuba kwinqanaba reflex (okanye siya intloko yakhe ngeenxa esqwini). Amehlo ambaxa ngohlobo zifaka kunye ommatidia makhe ubona leyinene ezingqongileyo macala onke, ngaphandle ezihambayo amehlo akho okanye entloko. Kunye nomfanekiso umana ngeliso, efana kakhulu no badibanisa ijigsaw puzzle: iyunithi noshowo into nenye ziqondeka iliso, bavele kunye zinoxanduva kwakhona nokusekwa umfanekiso ngokupheleleyo.

uhlobo

Ommatidia ezineefitsha yokwakheka, kubangele ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zazo enombala (umz, izinambuzane ezahlukileyo). Izazinzulu aluchazi iindidi ezintathu facets:

1. Apposition. Ezo amehlo ayimbumba babe izinambuzane emini. Ebala ukuba akukho iimpawu ezibonisa ngaphaya ekwabelwana iinkalo - amasuntswana ukuba kufutshane. Nezamkeli iliso kuphela ziyifumanisa ukukhanya evela axis coinciding kunye ommatidium.
2. Optikosuperpozitsionnye. Ezo amehlo ayimbumba ezithile intlanzi, kwakunye izinambuzane zasebusuku kunye crepuscular. Kombala eziqulathwe kule iliso, khosi Ozahlulayo ommatidia ihambe, nto leyo eyandisa nobuntununtunu amalungu embonweni iimeko ekukhanyeni low.
3. Neyrosuperpozitsionnye. ommatidia ezahlukeneyo bubonke umqondiso ovela kwindawo enye emajukujukwini.

Ngendlela, ezinye izinambuzane ibenodidi olungumxube imizimba inkalo, yaye abaninzi kodwa esixubusha, kukho kwakhona amehlo ezilula. Ngoko ke, iimpukane, umzekelo, engontsini intloko zilungiswe abasemagunyeni inkalo ngeziBini ezinkulu kakhulu. Kwaye phezu kwe entloko, kukho amehlo ezintathu ezilula, ekwenzeni imisebenzi abangabancedani. Umbutho efanayo kunye imizimba bee - oko kukuthi, zonke amehlo ezintlanu!

Ezinye amehlo intlanzi ambaxa ngokungathi ehleli uhambisa outgrowths-eziqwini.

Kwaye ezinye izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye nentlanzi odale i eyongezelelweyo (Parietal) Iliso elikhe umahluko ukukhanya, kodwa kakuhle isifundo. Retin ukuba iqulathe kuphela zeeseli receptor.

lophuhliso lwenzululwazi Modern

Kutshanje, ohlalele amehlo - umbandela zokufunda baziswa zabaphengululi. Ngapha koko, le imizimba lwembono, ngenxa isakhiwo yayo yoqobo, ukubonelela umhlaba kwezinto zenzululwazi entlolazwe ehlabathini ngokukhanya mihla. The main eziluncedo - sisishwankathelo esibanzi bendawo, uphuhliso veneers ngumntu, esetyenziswa ikakhulu efinyeziweyo, compact, iinkqubo eswe-.