UFerroalloy yintoni? I zityalo ze ferroalloys

Icandelo le-metallurgical yinkampani yobugcisa obuphezulu, ayifuni kuphela i-fossil kodwa iphinda ivelise iimveliso okanye izongezo eziphucula ukusebenza kweesinyithi. Ii-alloys zensimbi kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwesimbi . Iimveliso ezifunyenwe zi-ferroalloys.

Yintoni na?

I-Ferroalloy iyimfuneko ebalulekileyo kwimboniselo ye-metallurgical, esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa, ukuchithisa izinto, ukucoca i-ferrous ferrous and non-ferrous metals. I-ferroalloy isekelwe kwi-alloy yensimbi (Fe, ferrum) kunye neezithayo (manganese, potassium, molybdenum, i-silicon, njl.). Ukuveliswa kwenzeka kwiinqununu ezizodwa.

Kuza kube yimhla, i-alloy yensimbi enezinto ezingaphezu kwemashumi amabini isetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto. Uphando olutsha kunye neemfuno zorhwebo lubonisa ukwanda kwenani lamacandelo.

Injongo yee ferroalloys

Kwi-metallurgy ferrous, i-ferroalloys isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa, eyenza sikwazi ukuvelisa amaqela angama-2.5 ama-steels ahlukeneyo. Ukuphuculwa kweentlobo zensimbi kusetyenziswa kwimigodi, i-metallurgical, iikhemikhali, ukwakhiwa, amashishini okukhusela kunye namanye amashishini. I-Ferroalloy - ukongezwa kwisinyithi, esetyenzisiweyo ukutshintsha iipropati zezinto zokugcina. Ukulungiswa kweempawu zensimbi kunokuphucula ukusebenza komatshini, ukuchasana nokutshintshwa kweqondo lokushisa okanye imvelo yenyango. Iipropati zokugqibela eziphathekayo ziya kuxhomekeka kubumbano owenziwe ngexesha lokutyungulwa kwesitye.

Ukuveliswa kwe-ferroalloys kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo okuqhubekayo kwenza kube lula ukuvelisa i- steel alloyed kunye nokusebenza okutshintshileyo, umzekelo, izinto ezingekho magnetic okanye izixhobo. Ukuxutywa kwesinyithi ngoncedo lwe-ferroalloys kuyimfuneko ukubopha nokukhupha i-oksijeni kwi-slag kwi-mass mass. Apha, i- iron compounds isetyenziswe nge-silicon, titanium, i-aluminium, njl njl.

Kwakhona, i-ferroalloy yinguqulelo yensimbi okanye insimbi yentsimbi, eyenzelwe ukunciphisa ukutya okuziinkozo, ukuphucula isakhiwo sezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuchaphazela ukuphuculwa kweepropati zemishini. Ukufumana isongezelelo esongezelelweyo, isinyithi sidibaniswe nezinto ezininzi, umzekelo i-calcium + i-silicon, isinyithi + ye-manganese, i-iron + i-silicon + magnesium, njl.

Izinto ezirhoxayo

Imveliso ye-ferroalloyi iqala ngezinto ezibonakalayo, e-ore, ezizaliswe ngeqela elithile lezinto. Ngokomzekelo, i-ferrosilicon kunye ne-ferrochrome, isetyenziswe i-ore isetyenzisiweyo, kunye ne-ferrotitanium okanye i-ferrotungsten, i-raw material iyagxila. Inkqubo yezobuchwepheshe iquka inyathelo yokunciphisa i-oxydes zensimbi ezibandakanyekayo kwinqanaba. I-catalyst yokusabela yintsimbi okanye i-oxides yayo. Into efunyenweyo ithola iimeko zefom echanekileyo kunye nokungabikho kwazo kwi-oxidation eguqukayo. Kwinqanaba langoku, imboni ye-metallurgical isoloko isebenzisa indlela yokwenza i-electrothermal yokuvelisa i-ferroalloys, isiseko sokuthi kunciphisa ukuphendula. Ukuchithwa kwensimbi kunye nokongezwa kwe-ferroalloys kuncitshisa izinga lokushisa kwiziko, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe amandla okusebenza kwemveliso.

Iintlobo zeirroalloys

Okwangoku, ukuveliswa kwehlabathi kwe-ferroalloyi yi-16.5 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka. Inani leenombolo liqikelelwa kumakhulu emanqaku, ehambelana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokuveliswa kwazo zonke iintlobo zensimbi (eziqhelekileyo, ezizodwa, izakhiwo). Inxaxheba yaseRussia kwimveliso yehlabathi i-12.7%, kunye neChina, i-United States kunye neJapan ezithatha isikhundla. I-Ferroalloy - lelinye leentlobo ezidumiweyo zeemveliso, ukuveliswa kwayo kuyindlela ethembisayo yokuphuhlisa indalo.

Iintlobo eziphambili ze-ferroalloys:

• Ferrosilicon.
• Silicocalcium.
• Ferromanganese.
• I-Ferrochromium (i-carbon carbon, low carbon, noncarbonaceous).
• Silicochrome.
• Ferrovolphram.
• Ferromolybdenum.
• Ferrovanadium.
• Ferrotitanium.
• Ferroboron.
• I-alloys exothermic.

Icandelo laseFerroalloy

Icandelo le-ferroalloy eRashiya kude kube ngo-1917 limelelwe yile shishini elikuphela kwii-Urals. Isikhundla sesityalo sasiquka ezimbini iikiloni eziyi-250 kW nganye. Kwiminyaka engama-30 ekusebenzeni kwaqaliswa izityalo ezine: i-Lipetsk, iChelyabinsk, iZaporozhye (i-Ukraine), i-Zestafon (i-Georgia).

Ngethuba lokusukela ngo-1942 ukuya ku-1945, izityalo ze-Kuznetsk, Aktobe, ne-Klyuchevsky ferroalloy zakhiwe zaza zaqalwa. Kwiminyaka emva kwemfazwe, iSerov Plant (1956), iStakhanovsky e-Ukraine (1962), i-Nikopolsky (i-Ukraine, ngo-1966), u-Ermakovsky waseKazakhstan (1968) waqala ukusebenza. Umbane ofakwe ngokupheleleyo unelisekile iimfuno zeemakethe zasekhaya kwaye avunyelwe ukungena kwiimarike zangaphandle ngokunikezela ngokukhuphisana. Imveliso epheleleyo ye- ferroalloys ngexesha lokuwa kwe-USSR yayiyi-6 million yeetoni ngonyaka. E-Rashiya namhlanje, kukho izityalo ezilishumi ezijoliswe kwimveliso ye-ferroalloys. Iyona enkulu kunazo zonke yi-Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Combine.

Aksu utyala eKazakhstan

Isityalo se-Aksu Ferroalloy sisendaweni yasePavlodar yaseKazakhstan. Kuze kube ngu-1995 ibizwa ngokuba yi-Ermakovsky Ferroalloy Plant, umhla wokumisela u-1966. Ngo-1995, inkampani yathengiswa kwinkampani yaseJapane iJapan Chrom Corp, ngaloo nyaka yaba yinxalenye yenkampani "Kazchrome." Umveliso wonyaka wonyaka ungama-toni yezigidi zeemveliso. Okwangoku eli shishini linye yeenkokeli kwi-alloys yomhlaba. Amandla angagunyaziwe angama-megawatts ayi-600. Imveliso eyona nto ingundoqo i-chromium, i-manganese, i-alliys silicaous.

Amandla okuvelisa:

• Ezine ezithengisayo.
• Amatshini angamashumi amabini anesithandathu kagesi anesakhono esivela kwi-16,5 ukuya kwi-63 MVA.
• Iindibano zokulungiselela ezimbini.
• Isityalo sokucubungula isilaphu.
• Iivenkile zokulungisa izithuthi.
• Izithuthi kunye nezitishi.

Inani elipheleleyo labasebenzi beenkampani ngabantu abayi-6000.

Ummandla waseNovokuznetsk

Ngo-1942 waqala ukuvelisa i-ferroalloys yaseNovokuznetsk. Ngowe-1992, inkampani yatshintsha uhlobo loorhulumente, ibe yinkampani yokubambisana. Utshintsho lokuqala lobunikazi lwenzeka ngo-2000, inkampani yolawulo yiqela le-MDM. Ukususela ngo-2010, isityalo siye salawulwa yi-Ural-Siberian Metallurgical Company.

Iimveliso eziphambili zenzelwe ukuxutywa kwe-oxidation, idibanisa insimbi kunye ne-ferrosilicon. Kwimashishini yobunjineli, iinguqulelo zisetyenzisiweyo, ezisetyenziselwa ukuthungca insimbi yentsimbi. Uhlobo olutsha lomveliso lwaluyi-microsilica, esetyenziselwa ukwenza insimbi kunye ne-tundish, ebandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokwenza isinyithi.

Plant Klyuchevsky

Isityalo se-Klyuchevsky Ferroalloy sisekelwe kwisityalo se-chrome-enrichment ngo-1941. Namhlanje yiyona nto yoshishino kwi-post-Soviet space eyenza iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-30 ze-ferroalloys kunye nee-ligatures. Inxalenye yenkampani "MidUral Group".

Uluhlu lwemveliso lubandakanya:

• I-silicocalcium enee-additives ze-vanadium, i-zirconium, i-titanium, i-aluminium.
• I-silicvanadium, ferroniobium, i-silicocalcium, i-ferrotitanium.
• I-modifier ferrosilicotsirconium kunye nomxholo we-magnesium.
• IiLigatures - ezisekelwe kwi-niobium kunye ne-nickel enezityalo ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.
• Slag, njl

Iimveliso ezivelisiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa, ukuchithwa, ukuchithwa kwe-iron kunye nama-alloys ayo, kunye nokuguqulwa kwesinyithi.

Nikopol Ferroalloys

Isigaba sokuqala sityalo sakhonywa ngo-1966. Ukususela ngo-1968, inkampani ibonwa njengowona mkhulu eYurophu. Ukuchuma okukhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa okugcweleyo I-Nikopol Ferroalloy Plant yafika ngo-1985-1990. Emva koko, ukuveliswa kwemveliso ngokukhawuleza kwaqala ukuhla. Kuze kube yimini, isityalo ngumkhokeli wenyampani eyaziwayo e-Ukraine. Ngokumalunga neemeko zoqoqosho nzima kunomda wokuvalwa.

Imveliso:

• Ferrosilicate manganese.
• Ferromanganese.
• Ukunyusa i-electrode.
• Iifayile.
• I-Slag, i-abrasives, i-rubble.
• Imveliso ehlangeneyo.

EFratsk

Isityalo se-ferroalloy esisenyakatho sisekuhlaleni sase-Irkutsk kwaye sisona sikhulu somlimi we-ferrosilicon esifundeni saseMpumalanga saseSiberia. Isityalo sakhiwe ngesiseko seentengiso zeBratsk Aluminium Smelter. Ubunzima boshishino lubekwe ngumqathango weemarike zangaphakathi kwii-semiconductors, iibhetri zelanga, i-electronics. Imveliso ephambili yeshishini i-ferrosilicon enomxholo ophezulu we-silicon-ukuya kuma-75%. Umba wasungulwa ngo-1998. Ukuze kulungiselelwe izinto ezibonakalayo, i-BFZ ivelisa i-Uvat idiphozi ye-ore quartzite. Umxube wemveliso ufumana umbane ukusuka kwiBratsk HPP eseduze , eyanciphisa kakhulu indleko yemveliso, ngaphezu kwesithathu esithengiswa phakathi kwamashishini ekampani elilawulayo iMechel.

Serov Plant

I-ferroalloys yaseSerov iye yaveliswa iminyaka engaphezu kwe-50. Isityalo sisibini esona sikhulu ngokuphathelele kwimveliso eRussia. Imveliso ephambili yi-ferrochrome (high-carbon, medium-carbon, low-carbon, ferrosilicochromes). Isigaba sokuqala sityalo sasiqaliswa ngo-1961. Namhlanje inxalenye yenkampani "ЧМЭК".

Isityalo se-ferroalloy sisekuhlaleni kweSverdlovsk (isixeko saseSerov), umthamo wokuveliswa wonyaka unama-toni angama-200 eemveliso ezigqityiweyo. Eli shishini livelisa uluhlu olubanzi lweerigesi ezisekelwe kwi-low-carbon ferrochrome, etholakala ngokuxuba i-melts. Ukuphendula kwiimfuno zeemakethe zasekhaya zemetallurgical, ishishini lijongene nokukhululwa kwe-ferrosilicon. Iimveliso zinikezelwa kwiimarike ezininzi nakwamashishini asekhaya.

Plant Aktyubinsk

Isityalo sise-Aktobe (Kazakhstan). Iitoni zokuqala ze-ferroalloys zaveliswa kwishishini ngo-1943. Iimveliso eziphambili yi-ferroaluminum, i-ferromanganese, i-ferrochrome, i-ferrosilicon, i-ferrozinc, izinyithi ezingenayo isinyithi kunye nama-alloys azo, ama-alloy for processes catalytic.

I-Aktyubinsk Ferroalloys Plant ikhiqiza ngaphezu kweetoni ezingama-300 zeemveliso ngonyaka. Ukongezelela, ishishini livelisa i-industry ye-metallurgical (ilmentinovy, zirconium, rutile). I sityalo yenye yeenkokheli zehlabathi kwishishini. Inkampani yolawulo i-TNK Kazchrome.

Izityalo ze-ferroalloys zaseRashiya kunye neCIS

Amashishini aseRashiya:

• Isityalo se-Alapaevsky metallurgical, iimveliso - i-ferromanganese.
• I-Kosogorsky i-MTZ eTula, iimveliso - zenziwe ngentsimbi, i-ferromanganese.
• Serov Plant, iimveliso - ferrochromium.
• Isityalo saseBratsk, iimveliso eziphambili - i-ferrosilicon.
• Isityalo saseRyazan, iimveliso eziphambili - i-ferromolybdenum, i-ferrovanadium, i-ferrovolphram, ishishini lenza i-ligatures yeensimbi ezinqabileyo.
• Isitshixo saseTikhvinsky, umveliso - ferrochrome.
• Izityalo zeViznetsk ferroalloy (ferrosilicon).
• Isityalo se-Kliuchevsky senza iintlobo ezinqabileyo zama-alloys-ferroboron, ferronobium, ferrotitanium, njl.
• I-Chelyabinsk IEC yiyona nkokheli yoshishino. Vumela imveliso - i-ferromanganese, i-ferrosilicon, i-ferrosilicochrome, i-silicocalcium, njl njl.
• Isityalo se-Kingisepp (i-ferromanganese, i-silicomanganese).

Amashishini aseUkraine:

• I-Zaporizhia Ferroalloys Plant ivelisa i-ferrosilicon, i-manganese yensimbi, i-ferrosilicomanganese, njl.
• Isityalo seNikopol, iimveliso - i-ferrosilicomanganese, i-ferromanganese, njl.
• Isityalo saseStakhanovsky kwisithili saseL Lugansk, iintlobo zemveliso - ferrosilicomanganese, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese.
• I-Donetsk Ferroalloy Plant, iimveliso eziphambili - i-ferroaluminum.

Njengasekuqaleni kuka-2017, amabhizinisi aseUkraine aphelile imisebenzi yabo ngenxa yemfazwe yombutho kunye neengxaki zezoqoqosho ezinzulu kweli lizwe.

Amashishini aseKazakhstan:

• I-Aktyubinsk Plant, iimveliso ezivelisiweyo zisekelwe kwi-chromium, i-manganese, i-alloys i-siliceous.
• Umtshini we-Aksu uvelisa i-ferromanganese, i-ferrochromium, njalo njalo.

Abavelisi baseGeorgia:

• Isityalo seZestafon, savelisa iindidi ze-ferroalloys - ferromanganese.