Izakhiwo ezinqabileyo zokukhusela ukukhuselwa kwezakhiwo zoshishino

Iifestile zokuphosa ezicwangcisiweyo zenzelwe ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olungaphezu kwexesha elithe xa uxhulumana nomfutho otshayozayo womoya-womoya-ngothuli ngaphakathi kwemveliso, ukugcinwa okanye ezinye izakhiwo. Baxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zobugcisa. Iimiselo malunga nomgangatho zenziwe yiGOST. Izakhiwo ezinqabileyo zihlukileyo kwintsimi yesicelo, indlela yokumisela into ejikelezayo kunye nezinye izinto. Masiziqwalasele ngokubanzi.

Ukwabiwa kweGOST

Izakhiwo ezinqabileyo zixhobo eziqinisekisa ukukhululwa kokuvulwa xa kuthotyelwe imithwalo. Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, ezi zixhobo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kububanzi besicelo. Ngokukodwa, izakhiwo ezincinci zezakhiwo zoshishino kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala zisetyenziselwa. Ngokuxhomekeka kohlobo lokuvulwa, ukuvulwa kuyahluka:

1. Zixhobo ze Rotary. Izakhiwo ezinjalo ezilula zixhotywe nge-sash. Ukuba kukho uxinzelelo oluninzi oluvela kwi-explolagration yangaphakathi, luvuleka ngaphandle ngenxa yokujikeleza kweengcingo zokulungisa kwi-axis.
2. Ukuhlaziywa, izakhiwo zokuhlaziywa lula ngokukhuseliswa kwezakhiwo zoshishino kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala. Kule meko, iwindi elinesibini elibiniweyo okanye ifreyimu enefestile efakwe kabini. Isakhiwo esinqumlayo siphumela ngaphantsi kwefuthe lokunyanzeliswa ngokugqithiseleyo.

Olunye udidi lukhethwa. Izakhiwo ezinqabileyo zihluke ngohlobo lwesinamathiselo. Iyakwazi ukubonelela ngeentsimbi ezizenzekelayo. Umzekelo wezakhiwo ezingakhange zilula zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zinikezelwa kwinqaku.

Ukutyunjwa

Izakhiwo ezinqabileyo zokukhusela ukukhuselwa kwezakhiwo zoshishino kumaxwebhu obugcisa zichazwe njengeLSCOS. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo yesicelo. Kwiimashishini zoshishino, oku kukhankanya i-PR, yokuhlala, ngokulandelanayo, G. Ukongeza, kufuneka kubekho umqondiso wohlobo lokuvulwa kwendawo yokuvula: I-C-shiftable, i-P-rotary. Ukulungiselela iindidi zezinye iintlobo ukutyunjwa koxwebhu lobugcisa okanye oluqhelekileyo lunikezelwa.

Impawu

Izakhiwo zokuphosa ezilula zokukhusela ukukhukhulwa kunye neefestile ezifakwe kwii-window ezifini zimele zenziwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno zomgangatho, isethi yamaxwebhu obugcisa, ngokuxhomekeka kwimbali esetyenziselwa ukudala isahluko esinqumlayo kunye neenkalo zesikhokelo, umzekelo wendlela yokwakha, indlela yokubeka iqabana okanye inxalenye yokufuduka kwendawo, izinto eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, umzekelo. Bamele banikezele iinkqubo zokukhiya ezenza imisebenzi yokukhusela. Ezi zinto zingabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lwama-latches, eziphathekayo kunye nezinye izinto, ngendlela yokukhululwa kwesiguqu sokuguqula okanye inxalenye yokufudukela kwintsimi eyenziwa phantsi kwefuthe loxinzelelo olunzulu.

Ukufakwa

Izakhiwo zokufakela ngokukhawuleza zisetyenziselwa kwisakhiwo sezakhiwo okanye izakhiwo zomlilo zokugcina impahla kunye neenjongo zoshishino. A kunye neB B. Kuvunyelwe ukuba bahlangane nemveliso kwezinye iindawo. Umzekelo, ukufakela kwizakhiwo ezingabandakanyiweyo, ikati. B, D, D ukuqinisekisa ukuxhatshazwa kokuqhuma.

Ephakamileyo

Izixhobo zokukhusela ukhuseleko xa zifikelela uxinzelelo olungaphezu kwe-0.7 kPa kwigumbi kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuvulwa kweqabunga okanye ukusetyenzwa kwendima ekufudukelwe kuyo. Ukusebenza kokungaphumeleli kweso sakhiwo kunikwa kwimeko yokusebenza kwiqondo elibushushu -30 ... +45 deg. I-angle yokuvula ye-sashi kufuneka ibe nama-90 degrees. Izixhobo zokukhusela ezikhuselweyo kwizakhiwo ezikhethiweyo zenziwe ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucocwa okupheleleyo kokuvula. Xa ezi zinto zisebenza, amandla asempatho yombane onokutsha ongasetyenziswayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla angeziwe akudingeki.

Imfuno zo bugcisa

Izakhiwo ezinqabileyo ziqulethwe ziqendu eziqhelekileyo. Kuzo, ngokukodwa, zibandakanya amaqhosha, iilen, ibhokisi, iifomoms kunye neefestile. Ukongezelela, isicwangciso esikhethekileyo sicatshangelwe-inxalenye ekhethiweyo okanye iqabunga elijikelezayo. Isakhiwo sigcinwa ngokufaka ezi zixhobo kwisakhelo esifanelekileyo. Kule meko, izinto ezikhethekileyo kufuneka zixhotywe ngecebo lokukhusela. Ukufakwa kwendawo echithwayo okanye i-flap ye-swing isenziwa ukuze ingaphazamise ukusebenza kweyunithi yonke. Ukuxhamla kweenkalo zekhonkco kunokwenziwa ngoncedo lwee spikes kunye ne-glue, welding, izibophelelwano, kunye nokunye.

Umzuzu obalulekileyo

Izakhiwo ezinqabileyo ezilungiselelwe ukufakwa kwizakhiwo zolawulo kunye nezendawo zokuhlala kufuneka zinike ithuba lokungena umoya. Imveliso yenzelwe ukuba emva kokufakela kunokwenzeka ukufaka endaweni yezinto zayo (iilazi, iifowuni zokuvala, ukufaka uphawu lokutshiza, njl.) Ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuthembeka kweyunithi. Iindawo ezizulayo zezakhiwo eziphakanyisiwe kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, ezokuphatha nezesidlangalaleni mazivulekele kwindawo. Ukungafani yimveliso enesiphakamiso sophandle. Ukuzaliswa kwesahlulo esithintekayo seglued units of insulating glass units.

Izakhiwo ezinqabileyo kwigumbi lokubilisa, kwindawo yokugcina okanye kwiholo yokuvelisa azinakho ukuxhotyiswa ngezinto zokuvula, ngaphandle kwe-flap swing. Ngelo xesha, ukuba ukukhanya kwemvelo akudingekile kula magumbi , inxenye yeglasi ingatshintshwa yiplanethi yesandwich okanye ezinye izinto eziphathekayo, ukuba oko kunikezelwe kumaphepha oyilo. Kule meko, iimpawu zokusebenza ezibekwe ngumgangatho kufuneka zigcinwe, ngaphezu kwe-transmittance light.

Amaxwebhu aqhelekileyo

Imilinganiselo karhulumente isetyenziselwe iimfuneko ezifunekayo:

1. Ummandla wezakhiwo ezilula.
2. Imida yeengqungquthela zokuqhawula.
3. Ubukhulu bezithuba kwi-vestibule.
4. Indawo yokutya kunye nezixhobo.
5. Amandla okuqhagamshela izinto.
6. Umgangatho wezinto.
7. Indlela yokugaya.
8. Iifestile ezibini ezikhanyayo.
9. Iifayile zokutywinwa.
10. Ifomu.
11. Kubonakala.
12. Ucoceko olusenyongweni.
13. Umgangatho weengubo.

Iinkcukacha zezi mpawu zikhoyo kwi-GOST-23166.

Izinto kunye nezinto

Izakhiwo ezinqabileyo zenziwa ngokuhambelana nokuyila kunye namaxwebhu obugcisa. Ibonisa iiparitha zezinto kunye nezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemveliso. Zonke iindawo kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo zokuvelisa kufuneka zibe neepasipoti, apho uphawu lweSebe lolawulo lobuchwepheshe lugqityiweyo, okanye izatifikethi zekhwalithi. Izixhobo, izixhobo kunye neengubo ezikhuselekileyo nezokuhlobisa ezisetyenziselwa imveliso kufuneka zithintele kwiimpembelelo zemozulu. Izinto eziphambili ziquka:

1. Iilazi / iilitiki ezimbini.
2. Izixhobo zokuvala.
3. Iifayile zokutywinwa.
4. Loops.
5. Ukukhusela izixhobo zokhuseleko.

Ukwenziwa kwemveliso kusetyenziswa:

1. Izinto zokugqiba.
2. I-Adhesives.

Ezi zinto ezivelisiweyo kunye nezixhobo zivavanyelwa amandla kumagunya aqinisekileyo. Njengengqamaniso yesakhiwo esisebenzisayo isetyenziswa ngeglasi yecala, ehambelana ne-GOST-111, iifestile ezimbini ezigqinsiweyo ngokuhambelana neGOST-24866. Kumele ukuba angayichasani nemithwalo yemimoya ngokwakha imithetho nemimiselo. Iipameteritha ezincinci ezivumelekileyo zichongiwe kuxhomekeka kubukhulu bemigqabhoko, uhlobo lokugaya, iklasi yokumelana kunye neglasi yeglasi. IiHinges, ii-device, fasteners zisetyenziswe ngokuhambelana ne-GOST-538. Amacandelo kufuneka abe neempcukacha zokukhusela okukhuselekileyo, ezikhutshwe ngokuhambelana nenkqubo eyenziwe. Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiplani nazo ziyimfuneko ethile:

1. Isalathisi sokuchasana nomthwalo osisigxina osebenza kwizinto asikho ngaphantsi kwama-500 N.
2. Amandla asetyenziswe kwiimbophu ngexesha lokuvalwa kwinqanaba elifunekayo lokunyanzeliswa kweerhasiki alikho ngaphezu kwe-120 N.

Isiqulatho sePakethe

Ukwakhiwa okulukhuni kunikezelwa ngokupheleleyo. Ikiti iquka:

1. Ngokuthe ngqo umveliso ngokwawo.
2. Ipasipoti eneempawu zokugunyaza kwisebe lolawulo lobugcisa.
3. Imiyalelo yokufakela.
4. Imigaqo yokusebenza.

Iipaspoti

Olu xwebhu luqulethe ulwazi malunga:

1. Igama negama lomenzi okanye uphawu lokuthengisa.
2. Utyunjwa ombandela.
3. Isiqinisekiso, inombolo yenani.
4. Impawu eziphambili zezobugcisa zemveliso. Apha, phakathi kwezinye izinto, uxinzelelo oluninzi lubonisiwe, apho ukuvula kwezixhobo zokhuseleko kwenzeka, kunye nenani elithile lephiko okanye inxalenye yokufuduka.
5. Imbopheleleko yewaranti.
6. Inani leemveliso kwiqela.
7. Ukuqinisekiswa kwamacandelo.
8. Umhla wokuthunyelwa.

Ipasipoti ivumelekile ukuba ifake imiyalelo yokufakela nokusebenza komsebenzi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo.

Ukumakisha

Yenziwa yileyibhile okanye ipeyinti engenamanzi. Ukumakishwa kusetyenziswa ebusweni becandelo eliphezulu leprofayili. Ukuqulunqwa kuya kubandakanya:

1. Igama okanye uphawu lokuthengisa lomenzi.
2. Ukutyunjwa okuqhelekileyo kokwakhiwa ngokwemiqathango yemigangatho.
3. Uphawu lwesibheno.
4. Inani lenombolo yesakhiwo / inkalo, umhla wokuvelisa.

Ukumakishwa kokupakishwa kwezothutho kusetyenziswe ngopende omnyama kwi-stencil. Imigaqo-jikelele yemigaqo yokupakishwa inikwe kwi-GOST-14192. Izidingo zobukhulu befonti, iindlela zesicelo zinikezelwa ngamaxwebhu obugcisa.

UkuPakisha

Izithuthi zakhiwo ezincinci zenziwa kwiingxowa ngokweGOST-23170. Imveliso ifakwa kwiibhokisi usebenzisa i-spacers (pallets pallets). Imimiselo ayithinteli ukuthuthwa kwezakhiwo ngaphandle kwezibambiso, ezibandakanyiweyo kunye nezinto ezizibophelelayo. Izixhobo okanye iingxenye zayo ngaphambi kokufakwa kwimizi kufuneka zifakwe kwifilimu ye-polyethylene okanye ezinye izinto eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Imfuno yokupakishwa zinikezelwa kumaphepha oyilo. Ukuthuthwa kwezakhiwo ngezothutho zendlela kwiindawo zokurhweba ezikuloo ngongoma yee-10-15 degrees kuvunyelwe. Kuxhomekeke ekugcinweni kohlobo lwabo lwangaphandle (impahla). Kule meko, iimveliso zipakishwe kwifilimu ye-polyethylene.

Izidingo zokufakela

Zichazwe kwimigaqo yokufaka. Ukufakwa kwezakhiwo kwenziwa ngabameleli bamashishini akhethekileyo, ngabathengi ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngabasebenzi beekomiti zenkampani yokuvelisa. Imiyalelo kufuneka ifake:

1. Imfuno zobugcisa bokufakela.
2. Ikhuseleko imithetho.
3. Uluhlu lwezakhiwo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, kuquka abo basebenziselwa ukufakela.
4. Iziqulatho kunye nokulandelelana kwemisebenzi yokufakela.

Iimfuno zoKhuseleko

Zibhalwe kwiimigaqo yokusebenza. Izakhiwo kufuneka zikhuseleke kwaye zithembeke xa zisetyenzisiwe kwaye ngexesha lokulondolozwa. Inxalenye ehambayo okanye iqela lokuguqa lixhotywe ngeleyile ebomvu. Kufuneka kubekho izilumkiso kuyo: "Isexwayiso: Musa ukuxhomekeka kuyo! Vula ngaphandle". Ukhuseleko lwento ekhutshiwe okanye iqela elivela kuvulwa elingagunyazisiyo ngaphandle livumelekile ukuba liqinisekiswe ngokufaka i-alamu yokhuseleko kwifestile. Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zobugcisa, ngaphandle kokuba zingaphazamanga nokusebenza kwemveliso.

Imithetho yokwamkela

Izakhiwo maziqwalaselwe liSebe lolawulo lobugcisa. Njengoko ukuqinisekiswa kokwamkelwa kukumakishwa kwemveliso kunye nomqondiso kwipaspoti. Izakhiwo zivavanywa kwiibhetts. Kufuneka ziqondwe njengenani leemveliso ezenziwe ngokutshintshwa komzekelo omnye.

Ukuthobela izikhombisi zekhwalithi

Unikwa ngu:

1. Ulawulo lokufakelwa kwamacandelo kunye nezinto.
2. Ulawulo lokusebenza kwenkqubo yokuvelisa.
3. Iimvavanyo zokufumana iimveliso ezigqityiweyo.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwamanye amaqela.
5. Uvavanyo lokuhlaziya.

Zothutho

Uthutho lwezakhiwo luqhutywa ngoncedo lwaluphina uhlobo lwezothutho, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomgangatho. Le nto ingaba isitya okanye ingenanto yokuthutha iimveliso, ukukhutshwa kwiimfumba, ngokuhambelana neemfuno ezinikezelwe kumaphepha olawulo. Uthutho lwezakhiwo luqhutyelwa ngokwemiqathango yokuhamba kwemithwalo yempahla, echanekileyo kwintlobo ethile yesithuthi.

Ukugcina

Iimeko zokugcina izakhiwo mazihambelane ne-GOST-15150. Ukugcinwa kweemveliso kumagumbi angenamanzi, anomileyo avunyelwe. Ziyakwazi ukufakwa kwiingxowa okanye zigcinwe kwindawo echanekileyo kwimigangatho yamaplanga. Kwimeko yokugqibela, i-angle of inclination of structures 10-15 degrees kufuneka igcinwe.

Ezinye imiyalelo

Amanyathelo okukhusela ukufakela izakhiwo, ukulungiselela ukufakwa, kwakunye nokusebenza kwemveliso kufuneka ihambisane neemfuno ezichazwe kwimigaqo. Ukuhlolwa, ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kwenziwa kuphela ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo. Kuvumelekile ukuba uvule ngokungagunyazisiyo i-sash okanye inxalenye yokufuduswa, ukuvula, ukulungiswa okanye ukulungiswa kweso sixhobo sokukhusela.