Izinto ezisisiseko zokuqulunqa amabhizinisi oshishino

Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendawo zoshishino kubonelelwe kwisigaba sokuyila. Iimpawu zakhiwo zokwakha, ukhetho lwezicwangciso zesicwangciso kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa ye-shishini kunye nolonxibelelwano oluphambili ekugqibeleni liyakuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo. Kodwa ngaphezu kweemfuno zobugcisa, ukuveliswa kwamashishini oshishino kufuneka kuhokelwe yimigangatho yococeko neyocwangco. Ngamanye amazwi, kuphela i-accounting yeemfuno ezikhoyo eziza kwenza abathuthukisi babonelele umthengi ngesimo samashishini samanje, esinobuchule nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.

Imigaqo siseko yoyilo

Ukuphuhliswa kweprojekthi kwimeko nganye kulandela imisebenzi ethile, eqwalasela uhlobo oluthile lwemisebenzi yezoshishino. Kukho iziganeko ekudaleni izicwangciso zezobugcisa zamashishini aseMetallurgical, ukucocwa kweenkuni, izixhobo zokucoca ukutya, njl. Nangona kunjalo, kuzo zonke iziganeko, ababhali kufuneka bakhokelwe yimigaqo yokuphucula inkqubo yokuvelisa, ukunciphisa imiphumo emibi, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imimiselo ethile iyaxabana nabanye. Ngokomzekelo, umnqweno wokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuvelisa ngokuthe rhoqo kuthintela ukunciphisa amandla. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuveliswa kwamashishini amashishini kufuneka akhethe iiplani ezifanelekileyo ukusuka kwinqanaba elifanayo.

Izixhobo zokuyila izinto zoshishino

Ukuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zoshishino kunye namashishini akhethekileyo, apho imisebenzi yazo ihambelana neziqhumane. Ezi ziindidi zemiveliso yamacandelo omngcipheko wengozi, ngoko ke kuwo ngamnye umgangatho wezobuchwepheshe osebenzayo. Kwezinye iimeko, imigaqo ejwayelekile yohlobo lwezobugcisa lendawo lisebenza. Ngokomzekelo, indawo epheleleyo yento kufuneka ichazwe njengezo zonke iindawo, kubandakanywa izakhiwo, izantsi kunye nezobugcisa. Isigqeba sobugcisa phantsi komhlaba kufuneka senziwe ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yeSigqibo 2.10. Oku kusebenza kumagumbi anokuphakama kweepiliti ezingaphantsi kwe-1.8 m. Kwakhona, inkqubo yoyilo lwamashishini oshishino kwimeko yeemveliso eziqhelekileyo kufuneka ithathe ingqalelo ukuqaliswa kwezixhobo zokucima umlilo ngokuzenzekelayo. Kwakhona, oku kuyimfuneko kuzo zonke izinto kungakhathaliseki ukuba kukho umyalelo womsebenzi.

Ukukhethwa kwesayithi sokwakha

Umsebenzi wokuyila awukwazi ukuba akukho ukuqonda ngeemeko phantsi apho ishishini liza kulungiswa khona. Ngoko ke, uluhlu lwemisebenzi yabaqulunqi lukwabandakanya ulungelelwaniso lwendawo yexesha elizayo. Ngokutsho kwe-SNiP, imfuno ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni kufuneka ilandelelaniswe nesicwangciso esiyintloko senkqubela yokuphuhlisa idolophu-indawo yoshishini akufanele iphikisana nenjongo ekhethiweyo yesiza. Ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yococeko, amaziko asebenzayo ahamba kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi, imisebe ye-electromagnetic, isandi kunye nokudanduluka okunamandla, akufanele kufumaneke kwindawo yendawo yokuhlambulula kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala. Imilinganiselo ye-Sanitary (SN) 245 yandisa iimfuno zokukhawulelana zoyilo lwezoshishino zoshishino kwinxalenye enkulu ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto ezinomonakalo onobungozi kwimvelo kunye nenduduzo yokuphila. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umsebenzi we-shishini awunayo iimeko ezinjalo ezimbi, uvumela kwakhona indawo ngaphakathi kwemida yendawo yocwangco.

Imiqathango yokuphuhlisa isisombululo socwangciso

Isiseko samashishini ashishino sisisombululo sokucwangcisa izinto, apho kukho uluhlu oluninzi lweemfuno ezibonelelwa. Ngokukodwa, iimfuno zokulungelelanisa izakhiwo zendawo zibalwa ngokubaluleka kweendalo zobuchwepheshe, imida ehamba phambili yokubonelela ngezinto ezibonakalayo, njl njll. Ubume obuthile boshishini ngalinye sele sele lenza indima apha. Ngexesha elifanayo, iindonga zendawo kufuneka zinikeze ithuba lokukhanya kwemvelo kunye nokuhamba komoya-ubuncinci kwiimeko apho oku kungqubuzana nenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo amaziko okuvelisa anikezwa ngezixhobo zokuvelisa amafutha. Kule nkalo, ukucwangciswa kwamashishini oshishino kufuneka kuthathe ingqalelo ukuba kunokugqithisa ukukhutshwa kwentsha kwizinga elingaphezu kwe-23 W / m ² . Iimpawu kunye neeyunithi ezinokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kufuneka zibekwe kufuphi neendonga zangaphandle, kodwa ezingengaphakathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaphuhlisi beprojekthi babhekene nesidingo sokwakha izakhiwo ezingenanto ezingabonakaliyo, eziza kuqala zingekho ukukhanya kwendalo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka kube nokuhleleka ukulungiselela inkqubo yokukhanyisa yangaphakathi efana nempawu zayo kwendalo.

Iimfuno zobunjineli

Kwizakhiwo zoshishino, umoya wokungena umoya, umoya wokukhanyisa umoya, ukukhanyisa kwaye, ukuba kunyanzelekile, kufuneka kubekho ukulungiswa kweemeko zokushisa. Kwezinye izinto, ukuxhumana ngabanye kuyinxalenye yenkqubo yezobuchwepheshe, ngoko akufanele kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Ngokomzekelo, ingaba yintambo, ebonisa ukucocwa kweefayile ngokuhambisa imimoya yomoya omtsha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kucetywayo kwakhona ukusekwa kwamandla kumashishini ashishino adibanisa kwimithombo yamandla angundoqo okanye asebenze ngokuthe ngqo kwii-generator. Iimfuno zifuna ukuba amaqumrhu aququzelele kwakhona amaphulo okubonelelwa kwamandla okugcina. Ezi zinokuba yimithombo yamandla egunyazisiweyo-umzekelo, ukusebenza kwi-diesel fuel okanye ulawulo olusisiseko.

Imigangatho yobuthakathaka kunye nococeko

Iimimiselo zecandelo leemfuno zokucoceka nokucoceka lijongene nemicimbi yokusingqongileyo kwimpembelelo, nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kwishishini. Ngoko ke, kwiindawo ezingenakho ukukhanya kwendalo ngaphandle kwempembelelo enganeleyo kwimpumelelo yezinto eziphilayo, imilinganiselo yokucoceka kwindlela yokucwangciswa kwamashishini amashishini amisela ukubonelelwa okusemthethweni kokukhanyisa okwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo okufakelwa isixhobo soxiliso lwe-erythemal. Kukho iimfuno ze-SNiP kwingingqi yezo ndawo-ukuya kwi-200 sq. M.

Kwiindawo apho, ngenxa yokusilela kwezobuchwepheshe, akunakwenzeka ukubonelela nge-air conditioning system kunye ne-lighting system, amagumbi okuzonwabisa kufuneka anikezelwe ngabasebenzi. Le mimandla iphinde ilawulwe yimithetho ye-SN 245. Imilinganiselo yokuhlengahlengiswa kwindlela yokucwangciswa kwamashishini amashishini, ngokukodwa, ibonisa ukuba kufuneka kubekho ukukhanya kokukhanya kwemvelo kwiindawo zokuzonwabisa kunye ne-coefficient ubuncinane be-0.5%. Ukuphumla kwesoxesha nako nako kusetyenziswa ii-lobbies, iiholo, ii-corridors kunye nezinye iziza ezidibana neemfuno zangasese.

Impawu zoKwakha kwiiNgingqi zeCold

Okokuqala, izinto ezicetywayo ukwakhiwa kwicandelo elisenyakatho yeli lizwe kufuneka libonelele ukuphucula i-hydro kunye nokufakelwa kwe-thermal. Kodwa oku akunako ukwanela ukunciphisa umphumo wokuhamba kwebanda. Ngoko ke, imilinganiselo yoyilo lwezoshishino zoshishino kufuna ukuba amagumbi anomswakama ophezulu aphakathi kweendonga zangaphandle. Iifayili, kwakhona, zenzelwe ngaphandle kweebhanti, iisiti kunye nezinye iindawo ezakhiweyo, ezinokulibazisa ukunqumla.

Isiphelo

Isisombululo soyilo asinakukunika ingcamango yendlela yokwenza ngayo. Iingcali nazo kufuneka zinike iingcebiso malunga nokukhethwa kwezixhobo zokwakha ezifanelekileyo ukuvumela ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yolawulo. Ngokomzekelo, ukwakhiwa kwamashishini oshishino kungabonelela uludwe oluhlukileyo lwezixhobo kwisakhelo sesakhiwo, ukugqiba, ukuphahla, njl. Kukhethwa ngabaqulunqi bakhokelwa ngokubonelelwa ngamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwesakhiwo esizayo. Ubume bezoqoqosho obunqanda ukukhethwa kwezisombululo ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile, kodwa umnqweno wokunciphisa iindleko akufanele ungqubuzana neendlela ezisisiseko zobugcisa bokuyila nokwakhiwa.