Ziziphi iimpawu ziye legiruemye ngentsimbi?

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba isinyithi kunye ntumbuluko eliphezulu (99.99 ekhulwini okanye iziyobisi uhlambulukile) namandla ephantsi, ebenza nzima ukuyisebenzisa. Ngaphandle ukuba aluminiyam kwaye nobhedu, ezisetyenziswa kubunjineli yombane. Steel, ngokunxulumene ukusebenza kwabo, kufuneka babe ngqongqo, anxibe ukumelana, ngokuba lukhuni, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, luthambe kunye ductility, nangona kunjalo intsimbi ifomu olunyulu ukudala kubo ezingafanelekanga.

Legiruemye steel iyahluka ebusweni ongeziweyo zamntu zaziswa yesiqhelo ukumisela iimpawu ezithile ingxubevange ye elizayo. Ngoko ke, ngo eziqhelekileyo steel carbon equlethwe zobukhulu ezahlukeneyo "ingqolowa" ferrite, cementite, kunye perlite. Kunye nokuqaliswa kwe eziqalelo alloying inombolo carbon rhoqo sicuthiwe ngeperlite (kunyusa amandla ensimbi).

Legiruemye steel ngokwazisa izinto ezongezelelweyo basoloko lunembono akhazimlayo emkhusaneni, ukuze inike viscosity ezongezelelweyo (ngexesha besila perlite okuziinkozo kunye ferrite), ukuhla ntshikilelo lwangaphakathi, kunciphise amathuba ngokuhlaziya ngexesha lukhuni okanye ukwanda enzulwini eziphathekayo calcining al.

Iimpawu insimbi zixhomekeke ngqo kwi kumacandelo ezongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, i-chromium izakhi nickel longe iindawo metal ukusuka umhlwa, manganese kwandisa ukuxhathisa impembelelo, anxibe ukumelana kanye nekuba ukunyuka. Loo nto ezifana lesilicon, yenza izinto ukumelana ngcono iimpembelelo asidi kunye ayibe kwandisa amandla-lobushushu eliphezulu.

Legiruemye chemical steel yokuqamba yahlulwe eliphezulu, eliphakathi kwaye ephantsi-ingxubevange (umxholo kwezithako ingaphezulu kwe-10%, 2.5 - 10% kunye ngaphantsi kwe 2.5% ngokulandelelana). In kakhulu wavelisa intsimbi srednelegirovannye (nezidanga zenziwa malunga 5-6%) yesakhiwo ngeperlite. Ezinye aluminiyamu noshowo zesakhiwo (martensitic, khabhayithi, austenitic, ferritic) azixhaphakanga.

Kuba mathiriyeli lo hlobo, kwakunye nezinye izinto zoshishino, uye GOST yayo. yodidi yenza ingxubevange zihlelwa ngemilinganiselo karhulumente № 4543 - 71, apho umntu ukubona inani amacandelo ezongezelelweyo zentsimbi lophawu ethile. Umzekelo, ingxubevange hromomargantsovonikelevy kunye titanium kunye molybdenum 25HGNMT isampuli ubunjwe ukuya kwi 0,29% carbon, ukuya ku 0.37% lesilicon, ukuya ku 0.8 ekhulwini manganese, ukuya kwi-0.6% ne 1.10% of chromium kunye nickel (ngokulandelelanayo ), ukuya molybdenum isiqingatha ekhulwini yaye 0,09 ekhulwini titanium. Ukongeza neentlobontlobo nezobugcisa iimfuno GOST iqulathe iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo iindlela zovavanyo kwimveliso, imithetho ukwamkelwa, ezothutho, zokubopha kunye nabanye.

Legiruemye Baye yahlulwe ngamaqela eziliqela ngokwenjongo yayo: zokwakha, izixhobo (zazo ukunciphisa izixhobo ezifana uqheliso, iifayile, iisarha, bathezi kokuba, njl (Ngaba ezisetyenziswa ngezobunjineli, ukwakhiwa iibhulorho, iimoto kaloliwe, oyile negesi, nemithombo, imithombo, njalo njalo.) .) kunye ezizodwa-nenjongo intsimbi ukuba ukumelana phezulu nxamnye umhlwa le electrochemical uhlobo.