Exanthema - yintoni na? Ngokukhawuleza exanthema. Viral exanthema

Namhlanje siya kuqwalasela eso sifo njenge-exanthema. Yintoni na? Ziziphi izizathu kunye neempawu zayo? Ziziphi iindlela zokonyango? Le miba kunye neminye imiba iya kuxutyushwa ngokucacileyo kwinqaku.

I-Exanthema yintsholongwane yesikhumba eyenzeka ngezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zentsholongwane. Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi, i-viral exanthems ikhula kubantwana. Ebudaleni okanye ebuntwini, ukukhubazeka akunqabile. Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana ne-rubella, inkukhu yenkukhu, imasisi kunye nabanye bahlala behamba kunye nokubonakala kwehla.

Izizathu

I-etiology yale ntsholongwane ihluke kakhulu. Kuyamkelwa ukuba enye okanye ezimbini iindlela zokusebenzisa i-pathogenetic zichaphazela ukubunjwa kwe-rash:

• Exanthema (ifoto engezansi inika ingcamango yalo) ibonakala njengesiphumo sokutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu zesikhumba ngeentsholongwane ezithwala ngegazi. Ngaloo ndlela, i-herpesvirus yohlobo lokuqala, i-enteroviruses, njalo njalo.

• Ukukhawuleza kubunjwe ngenxa yokuphendula phakathi kwamaseli omzimba omzimba kunye ne-agent engumnxeba wesi sifo. Ngalo mgaqo, ukukhawuleza kwenzeka nge-rubella.

Ukuphazamiseka okuqukethe amabala kunye neepilisi zenzeka xa:

• Rubella;

• Iingxube;

• I-Herpes simplex uhlobo lwesi-6, olubangela ukuphuhliswa kwe-roseola;

• I-Epstein-Bar virus;

• I-Cytomegalovirus, ebangela ukuphuhliswa kwe-cytomegaly;

• Enterovirus.

Ubunzima bebhola bubonakala xa:

• Intsholongwane ye-Herpes simplex 1;

• Iimpilisi ze-Herpes ezibangele i-varicella kunye neengqungquthela;

• Coxsackivirus, ebangela i-viral pemphigus.

Iintsholongwane ezikhupha i-epulo-vascular rash kunye nokukhishwa kwesikhumba zibandakanya:

• Adenovirus;

• Iintsholongwane ezibangela i-hepatitis B ne-C;

• Enteroviruses.

I-Parovirus B19 ibonakalisa njenge-erythema eqhelekileyo, ukukhumbuza kwangaphandle kweentambo.

Umfanekiso wekliniki

Indlela indlela i-viral exanthema ibonakalisa yona ichaphazeleka ngayo uhlobo losulelo olubangela ukubunjwa kweengqungquthela.

Iimpawu

Isizathu sokuphuhliswa kwemasisi sinamayeza athathakayo kwintsapho ye-paramyxoviruses. I-Erythema kule meko iqhubeka ngomhla we-4-5 wesi sifo. Ngaphambi kokubonakala kwesikhumba, isigulane siba nomkhuhlane owomileyo, ukushisa komzimba kuphakama, iimeko zentsholongwane ziyabonwa.

Ukuvela kwe-exanthema kulandelwa ukubunjwa kwebala elimhlophe-kwiimama. Ekuqaleni, i-rashes ibonakala ebusweni nasentanyeni. I-Viral exanthema inesimo seepilisi, ezihlala zidibana kunye. Kancinci i-rashes igubungela umzimba wonke. Xa i-rash isasazeka kwizandla nasezinyaweni, entanyeni nasebusweni, i-rashes iqala ukuphela. Xa isisisi, i-exanthema ayibonakali kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye neentende.

Rubella

Ukuphuhliswa kweerubella kubangelwa yiintsholongwane eziyingxenye yeqela le-RNA-togavirus. Ngesi sifo, i-papant exanthema ikhula, isasazeka ngendlela efanayo nemasisi. Uhlobo oluphambili kukuba iindawo zokurhoxiswa kulo mzimba azidibanisanga.

Isimo esiqhelekileyo sesigulane asinakuphazamiseka, kodwa ezinye izigulane zifumana umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane omncinci.

Enteroviruses

I-Entneroviruses ifakwe kwiqela le-virus ye-RNA. Izifo ezibangela ukuba zibe nezibonakaliso ezinkulu. Ngokomzekelo, ngeentsholongwane ezininzi ze- enterovirus , ukuphazamiseka kokugaya, iimpawu zokuphefumula, umkhuhlane ukhula.

Kwezinye iimeko, lesi sifo senziwa kuphela kwi-enterovirus exanthema. Ezinye iimpawu zingekho. I-Enterovirus exanthema nayo inokuhlukahluka okukhulu. Ingabonakala njengama-papules, i-vesicles, i-pustules okanye i-vesicle enezinto ezinobungozi.

I-mononucleosis

Esi sifo sibangelwa yi-Epstein-Barr virus, eyinxalenye yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. I-infantous exanthema kule meko ibonakaliswa, njengokwemasel, umlinganiselo owodwa utshaba kakhulu.

URoseola

Esi sifo siphumela ngenxa yesifo sengqondo se-herpe yee-6 neye-7. Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sisifo somkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, ukulahleka kwesidlo, ukunyaniseka. Iziganeko ezinjalo ze- catarrhal njengengqungquthela kunye neempumlo zeempumlo zihlala zingekho.

Iqondo lokushisa liyancipha ngosuku lwesine kwaye kukho ukukhawuleza. I-exanthema kule meko inesimo se-pink point. Okokuqala i-rashes ibonakala kwisisu nasemva, ngoko ukugqithisa kuhlanganisa wonke umzimba. Ukutshabalalisa akukho, akukho fusion yezinto.

Izifo eziphuhliswayo xa zitheleleke ngegciwane le-herpes simplex

Njengomthetho, intsholongwane yokuqala yentsholongwane ye-herpes simplex ivela ebuntwaneni. Isibonakaliso sokusuleleka sisifo se-stomatitis, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwesi sifo kubonakala i-bubble exanthemu kwimpumlo okanye emlonyeni (ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-1). Ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yesibini ye-herpes kwenzeka rhoqo ngokulala ngokwesini. Izibonakaliso zesifo zixakeke kwikhumba lezitho zangasese kunye neentambo.

Iingxowa kunye nenkukhu yenkukhu

Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezinjalo zibangelwa igciwane eliyingxenye yeqela elilumkileyo. Emva kokungena kwintsholongwane emzimbeni kudala isifo sofayo (inkukhu yenkukhu). Emva kokubuyiselwa, intsholongwane ayisishiyi umzimba kwaye iphantsi kwimeko. Ukukhuselwa komzimba okunciphisa umzimba kungabangela ukuphindaphinda kwintsholongwane kwaye kubangele i-herpes zoster.

Isimpawu se-exanthema kule meko yinto yokuqhaqhaqhaqhazelayo eyenza umzimba wonke ngeenkukhu kwaye ikhona kunye neentsholongwane ngethuba. Xa ukudibanisa ukukhawuleza, ukusuleleka kwintsibini kuboniswa rhoqo, ngenxa yeso siphelo.

Izifo ezibangelwa yi-parovirus В19

Kuphela kwi-20% yezigulane, ukusuleleka nge-parovirus B19 kukhokelela ekwakheni i-exanthema ephawulekayo. Ekuqaleni, isikhumba sehlama sibomvu, kwaye kubonakala ukugqithisa okubonakala ngathi ilayi okanye igarland. Njengomthetho, iindawo eziqhekezayo zihlala kwindawo yolusu, zingaphantsi kaninzi - kwi-trunk. Kwezinye iimeko, ukubetha kungenzeka.

Xa usulelekile nge-parovirus B19 exanthema unomdla we-wavy-ungadlala ixesha elithile uze uvele kwakhona. I-Rash ivame ukuhamba kunye neempawu zentsholongwane kunye nentlungu edibeneyo.

Ukuba i-exanthema ifunyenwe, iifoto zesikhumba, isifo sesifo esithile, uya kubonisa ugqirha.

Diagnostics

Ukuxilongwa kwezifo zentsholongwane, ezibonakaliswa ngokubonakala kwe-exanthema, kubandakanya ukuphononongwa ngokucokisekileyo kwemiboniso yekliniki kunye nohlalutyo.

Ezi zilandelayo ziimpawu zoluhlu kufuneka ziqwalaselwe:

• Uhlobo kunye nokubonakala;

• Iingqungquthela ezibukhali;

• Ubukhulu kunye nobuchule bokudibanisa;

• Ubungakanani;

• Utshintsho kwesikhumba (obomvu, i-cyanotic, ingatshintshi);

• Ubume bokubonakala kwe-rash (isiteji esisodwa, ngokuhamba kancane, i-wavy).

I-Viral exanthema emntwaneni ibonakaliswe ngale ndlela:

• Ukukhawuleza kubonakala ngomhla wesi-2 wesifo okanye kamva;

• Iinqwelo zangaphambili zandulela ukushisa komzimba ophakamileyo, ukuncipha kwayo kuboniswa kunye nezinto zokuqala zokugqithisa;

• Iimpawu zeCatarrhal zihlala zingekho;

• Ngokuqhelekileyo i-exanthemes yentsholongwane ibonakaliswa yimisundu ye-vesicular ne-patchy-papular.

Ugqirha umisela ukuhlolwa kwegazi usebenzisa i-ELISA, okwenza kube lula ukufumanisa i-antibodies kwi-antigen ye-agent echaphazelekayo egazini.

Unyango

Ngohlobo olunjalo njenge-exanthema, unyango lubonakalisa. Amanyathelo okunyanga axhomekeke kwi-diagnostic.

Ngomrubella kunye nemasisi, unyango olungumqondiso kunye nokuphumla kombhede kuyadingeka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela ukunamathiswa kwezifo zesibini, ezinokubangela iingxaki ezifana ne-otitis media, i-encephalitis, i-pneumonia.

Ukunyangwa kwe-symptomatic varicella kukuthintela ukuxhaswa, ngenxa yale njongo, iililisi ze-aniline zisetyenziselwa ukucoca iimeko zokukhawuleza.

Xa izibhanki zijojowe ngesilwanyana "Acyclovir", isicwangciso sokonyango sikhethwe ngugqirha ngokwawo kwaye kuxhomekeke kwimeko jikelele kunye neminyaka yobudala bomntwana.

Ukunyanga izifo eziphuhliswayo xa usulelekile nge-virus ye-herpes, sebenzisa izidakamizwa njenge "Valaciclovir", "Acyclovir", "Pharmciclovir".

Xa unyangwa yi-paravirus kunye ne-enteroviruses, akukho nonyango oluthile lukhoyo. Ngoko ke, unyango lubandakanya ukususa iimpawu zesifo nokunciphisa imeko yesigulane.

Amayeza

Exanthema - yintoni kwaye yintoni iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswayo, sifunde. Akunakusebenza ngokukhawuleza ekuchaseni le nkcazo kunye neendlela zokupheka zonyango.

Ukuphelisa ukutshaya ngexesha lokuxubha kuya kunceda ukuhlamba kunye nokudibaniswa kwe-decoction ye-bran, isitashi. Ubushushu bamanzi abufanele bube ngaphezu kwama-37-38 ºС. Amabhobho asebenzayo kunye neengxube zamachiza ezonyango, ezifana ne-celandine, i-calendula, i-chamomile, ukujika. Ukulungiselela ukunyuswa, umxube wale zityalo ungasetyenziselwa. Amanzi ngamanzi abilayo ukuze atyhuse 100 g yengca (okanye umxube wee-herbs). Ikhefu ukuhambisa, emva kokunyuka, ukuxuba kunye nokuthulula kwindawo yokuhlamba.

Ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulungiselele iitayi ezinamavitham e-blueberries, dogrose, raspberries, currants. Ungongeza kwakhona ama-raspberry kunye ne-currant amaqabunga kwisiselo.

Ngokukhawuleza exanthema - yintoni na?

Esi sifo sesifo se-virus, esibonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza kwexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elifutshane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-exanthemia ikhula kubantwana ukusuka ezintandathu ukuya kwi-2 ubudala. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, usulelo luvela kubantwana abadala, abaselula kunye nabantu abadala.

Ngokugqithiseleyo i-exanthema iqala xa ikhuselwe yi-herpes virus (HHV-6), kwiimeko ezinqabileyo - i-virus ye-herpes 7 (HHV-7). Ukususela kumntu ukuya kumntu, i-exanthem idluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano kunye namaconsi. Ixesha lokukhushulwa lihlala iintsuku ezi-7-8.

Iimpawu

Iimpawu zentsholongwane zixhomekeke kwiminyaka yesigulane. Esi sifo sibonakaliswa ngumkhuhlane, ukukhubeka, ukuvuvukala i-lymph nodes entanyeni, impumlo ye-runny, i-eemadi e-edema, isifo sohudo. Ukukhawuleza kwenzeka emva kweeyure ezingama-12 ukuya kwe-24 emva kokushisa kwamaqondo. I-localized ishaqa entanyeni, isisu, umva, kwizitho. Ulusu luba luhlaza obomvu kwaye xa ucinezelwe okwesikhashana. Ukugqithisa akubangeli naluphi na ukuphazamiseka: ayilimazi okanye itsha. Ezi ziqhekeza azithinteli, zinyamalale emva kweentsuku eziyi-3-4 kwaye zingabuyi. Abantwana abakhulileyo bavelisa iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane iintsuku eziliqela, impumlo ye-runny, isifo sohudo. Xa ubudala bebudala, ukukhawuleza kubonakala kuncinci.

I zi ganeko

Nangona ukuba i-exanthema ngokukhawuleza iqhelekile, ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kusekwa kwiimeko ezinqabileyo. Isizathu salesi sihlandlo sesifo.

Ekuhloliseni ngokomzimba, okokuqala, funda iziganeko zokukhawuleza. I-exanthema ngokukhawuleza ibonakala ngeendawo ezincinci zepinki zinyamalala kunye ne-diascopy kunye neepilisi ezilinganisa u-1-5 mm. Kwakhona, iimeko ze-rash encinci ngaphezu kwesikhumba.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa i- lymphocytosis, i- leukopenia, i-granulocytopenia, i-eosinopenia. Ukuchonga intsholongwane, indlela ye-PCR isetyenziswa. Ukuchonga igciwane elisebenzayo egazini, indlela yenkcubeko isetyenzisiweyo.

Ngokuphuhliswa kweengxaki ze-exanthema ngokukhawuleza, i-cardiologist yezingane, i-gastroenterologist yabantwana, i-neurologist yabantwana idinga ukunxibelelana. Ukongezelela, izifundo ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-ultrasound yesigxina esiswini, i-ECG, i-EEG, kunye nabanye banokumiselwa.

Ukuba umntwana akanikeli ukushisa kwanoma yiyiphi intuthuzelo, akukho mfuneko yokonyango. Kubalulekile ukudala iimeko ezizilungeleyo kwigumbi apho isigulane sikhona. Musa ukumbathisa izinto ezininzi kwintsana yakho. Izambatho ezingaphezulu kunokubangela ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu.

Kwezinye iimeko, i-exanthem ngokukhawuleza kwimvelaphi yeqondo lokushisa ephakamileyo ihamba kunye neengxubusho. Phakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka eyi-1.5-3 yobudala, i- febrile seizures ixhaphake (5-35% yabantwana abanomdaka ngokukhawuleza babhekana nesimo esinjalo). Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxhwaleka akuyingozi, nangona babonakala bekwesaba.

Yintoni abazali abayenzayo xa umntwana enqamle?

1. Zama ukuzola nokuzola umntwana.

2. Susa zonke izinto ezibukhali uze ubeke umntwana kwicala layo, ngoko u-samali angaphuma emlonyeni.

3. Beka umsila phantsi kwentloko yomntwana.

4. Lindela de iinqununu ziphelile.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana emva kokubanjelwa balele belele, oku kuqhelekileyo. Emva kokuhlaselwa ugqirha kufuneka ukuba ahlolisise umntwana.

Iingxaki

Emva kwexesha elikhawulezayo, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, iingxaki ziphuhliswa, ngaphandle kwalabo bantwana abanesifo sokuzivikela. Ngomzimba wamagciwane omzimba, ukukhuseleka kwe-HHV-7 kunye neHHV-6 kuqhubeka. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha ngokukhawuleza, ufanele usebenze. Umntwana onomkhuhlane kunye nokugqithisa ngaphambi kokuba ahlolwe ngugqirha kufuneka akhuselwe ekuthintaneni nabanye abantwana.

Prophylaxis kunye nokuxela

Amanyathelo okukhusela aquka ukhuselo lokusuleleka kwiintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo. Ukukhusela usulelo lwe-rubella okanye imasisi, kuyimfuneko ukugoma. Ama-anti-antial agents asetyenziswa ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwe-exanthema kwi-herpes. Nangona kunjalo, intsholongwane ngokwayo emzimbeni ihlala ebomini, ngoko ngokunciphisa ukukhuseleka komzimba, inokuthi isebenze ngakumbi kwaye ivuselele ukuphindaphinda kwesi sifo.

Isiphelo

Kule nqaku ufunde ngezinto ezifana ne-exanthema-yintoni na, imbangela yokubonakala kwayo, iimpawu, iindlela zonyango. Siyathemba ukuba le ngcaciso iya kuba luncedo kuwe. Yimpilo!