Ontogenesis - inkqubo kunye yokubaleka?

Ontogenesis - uphuhliso abathile, single. Le nkqubo iquka ixesha ukusuka mzuzu gametes iikhompawundi kunye ukufa eziphilayo. Ukufunda lonke eli xesha kulingana biology yophuhliso. Le ontogeny izityalo kunye nezilwanyana kwenzeka ngokwahlukileyo kumaqela ahlukeneyo taxonomic zabo.

Njengenxalenye yale nqaku lixoxa uphuhliso izilwanyana multicellular. Nangona izigaba eziphambili ontogeny, iipateni zayo ngokubanzi uphawu kwisityalo.

Iqala mzuzu xa kwamaqanda eye amadlozi, okanye wenze enye intshukumo. Emva koko iqalisa phula phezulu, oko kukuthi, kukho qheke kwizisele ezininzi ezincinane. Xa inani amakhulu eziliqela okanye amawaka, yokutshintsha ubume mbungu. Kuyo kuvela iziqalelo ezininzi. Xa umbungu ekuyo emathunjini abunjwe kuqala, inkqubo luvo, imisindo, izihlunu, njalo njalo. N. entsokothileyo kwezi nkqubo kuthiwa morphogenesis.

Emva kwayo, okanye ngaxeshanye kunye iiseli intsholongwane kuba iimpawu enganyangekiyo ezivumela ukuba umahluko ukusuka kwenye nenye ukwakheka imichiza, isakhiwo, imilo.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ontogenesis - inkqubo eqhubeka emva kwimveku uya kuzalelwa (okanye kuleyo). Kubonakala ngeli nqanaba olukhulu (kwabo bantu abazame Inqanaba kwindawo), ukukhula, gqolo nokuhlaziya iindonga iseli ye emathunjini, amalungu lymphoid, igazi. yokuguga wabhekisela ontogenesis, asingabo bonke izazinzulu.

Yiyiphi imikhosi liphathe inkqubo ezintsonkothileyo? Nangona akukho impendulo eyanelisayo kulo mbuzo. Noko ke, ezinye regularities ebalulekileyo ontogenesis kodwa ifakiwe.

Okokuqala, ngokusondeleyo ukusebenzisana ngokupheleleyo zonke iiseli lwegciwane. Ngamnye "uyakwazi" isendaweni ngqo apho. Umzekelo, xa ucima inxalenye encinane evela yonke ndiseyimbumba, iiseli afunyaniswa nangoko ziqala ukukhula ngokwahlukileyo ngokungqinelana nemeko okhoyo. Ngale ndlela, ubuncinane ngokomkhethe ekupheliseni isiphene uze ndiseyimbumba ingaqala ngokuqhelekileyo. Mhlawumbi iiseli "akhulume" omnye nomnye nge inwebu odibana nayo.

Okwesibini, nakhululeka kuzo iziqalelo ngqa kweli ndiseyimbumba abe nempembelelo ngayo enye kwenye, lo gama nokukhuthaza uphuhliso nkongomiso lowu. Ngokomzekelo, xa lomqolo oku kwenzeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Le rudiment le Isingqi (notochord) kuchaphazela phezu kwinyama umbungu eza siqhagamshelana nayo, kwaye uyabakhuthaza ukuba zenza rudiment kwenkqubo luvo. weenarha ezinjalo eziphilayo kuthiwa induction osandul. Ezinye zezi mpembelelo, kuquka, ekuthiwa izinto akhankanywe apha ngasentla kwentamo ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye intsholongwane. Abanye alwenzeki ngaphandle ukudibana ngqo phakathi kwiiseli ze primordia ezisebenzisana. Umzekelo, wokuqhelaniswa omnye imilenze e eziphila kubangwa ngokujika isiphelo luvo okanye umbungu abohlukeneyo phantsi eluswini umzimba amazwe.

Ukongeza, iseli ezikhethiweyo iphembelela Yindibanisela protein, ukulandelelana acid acid apho gene kuxhomekeke dial. Kutheni bonke bephela esebenzayo, kakhulu, ayaziwa.

Ngoko ke, ontogenesis - yinkqubo elisekho etsala ingqalelo izazinzulu, zebhayoloji kuphela kunye zezibalo, ekhemisi nezezibalo. Bafuna ukwenza i kwithiyori kuphuhliso esiphilayo, nto leyo ke kuza kunceda ukwenza iqela kwezinye kwesayensi. Ngapha koko, ukuba ukuhlolisisa ontogeny - oko kuthetha kuphela ukuba banombono. Lo msebenzi ibaluleke kakhulu eluncedo, ekubeni iziphumo unakho ukuncedisa ekunyangeni yamathumba okubulalayo nezinye ukutenxa kuphuhliso eqhelekileyo ukulawula uphuhliso lezilwanyana nezityalo, ekulweni iimpembelelo ezibanga ingozi kwimo engqongileyo.