I-intanethi ye-GPON: ukuphononongwa, amaxabiso, uxhumano

Abasebenzisi abaninzi baseRussia batyelela i-Intanethi, basebenzisa intsha yezobuchwephesha zonxibelelwano zakutshanje - i-GPON. Izibonelelo ezakhiwe ngokusekelwe kulo mgangatho zisetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa kweenkampani zaseRussia kunye neenkampani zoonxibelelwano zehlabathi. Ziziphi iimpawu zale teknoloji? Ziziphi iingenelo zayo kwiinkomfa zokhuphiswano?

Iinkalo ezibalulekileyo malunga nobugcisa

Yiyiphi iteknoloji ye-GPON, ukuxhumeka ekufumaneni umlingiswa wezobunzima kwizixeko ezininzi ezinkulu zaseRashiya? Le nqanawa yokunxibelelana yintlobo ye-fiber-optic inethiwekhi ekwazi ukufumana ukufikelela kwi-intanethi kwisantya esikhulu kakhulu -iimitha zeegabits ngesibini. Ngeli xesha, le teknoloji ivumela umboneleli ukuba anikezele umbhalisi ngenani elikhulu leenkonzo ezinxulumene ne-IP-telephony, ithelevishini yedijithali, njl. Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba ngokubonelela ukufikelela kwi-intanethi, i-GPON yitheknoloji ethembisayo.

Inyaniso kukuba, ngokungafani nezinye iikhompyutheni zokunxibelelana, idijithali yedatha ngokusebenzisa i-GPON iteknoloji ayidluliswanga ngumphathi wensimbi, kodwa ngeklayini elikhanyayo. Oku kudla ngokuba yincinane encinane yeqhosha lesibini ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kwinqanaba le sixeko okanye ummandla omkhulu, umahluko kwizantya zokutshintshiselana kwedatha kunokubonakala kakhulu. Kwakhona, ukuhanjiswa kwe-pulse ukukhanya, njengommiselo, kudinga ukusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphantsi kunegama lokudluliselwa ngetambo yentsimbi. Oku, ngokweengcali ezininzi, ngenxa yezinto ezininzi ezibeka phambili ukuphumelela kobugcisa be-GPON.

Ubude obude bekhebula le- fiber optic apho isignali esigxina ingasasazwa ngamawaka angama-20, ubugcisa buphuhliswa kwaye lunokwandisa eli nani ukuya kuma-60 km. Ukwandiswa kweteknoloji ye-GPON emhlabeni jikelele kwaqala kwiminyaka engama-90, iququzelelwe yimizamo edibeneyo yeqela leenkampani ezihamba phambili ze-telecommunications.

Ukuhlawula

Ziziphi iirhafu ezibonelelwa ngabanikezeli baseRussia banokusebenzisa i-GPON? Konke, kunene, kuxhomekeke kwingingqi ethile yaseRashiya Federation kunye nesixeko. Njengomgaqo, kwinxalenye yaseYurophu ye-intanethi i-intanethi ishibhile, kungakhathaliseki iteknoloji yonxibelelwano esetyenziswayo, kunaseMpuma Ekude. Kodwa ukuba uthatha inkokhelo kwimimandla yombutho ophakathi, unako ukugxila malunga namaxabiso anjalo.

IMegabytes ephantsi

Ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kwisantya malunga nama-megabits ama-10-12 ngesibini, umniki-mboleko uya kubuza malunga ne-ruble 300-400 ngenyanga. Ukuba umsebenzisi ufuna iimithombo ezinkulu, umzekelo, ama-megabits angama-20-25, kuya kuba neendleko malunga nama-ruble ama-500-700. Ukuhlala rhoqo ekunqumeni "ifomula" yerhafu kulandelelanisa oku kulandelayo: ukubiza ngokunyanga kwenyanga, ngaphantsi kweendleko zomntu ngamnye "megabit".

Ababoneleli abaninzi banikezela ababhalisi babo ngokusetyenziswa kwamahhala kwezixhobo eziyimfuneko. Ngaphezu koko, kwiimeko ezininzi umboneleli weenkonzo zokufikelela ukulungele ukuthumela ikhaya kumxhasi ukulungiselela iifowuni zempahla, ezingenakuthatha nantoni na. Oko kukuthi, intlawulo yerhafu ngokwenene zonke iindleko ezithwala ngumthengi. Ubuncinane kule fom, inkonzo inikwe ngokusekelwe kwiGPON kwi-MGTS (ukubuyekezwa kwababhalisi abaninzi banakho ukuqikelela okuthe ngqo malunga nalolu khetho) - enye yezona zinto zikhulu kakhulu kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwimiba yokuqonda iteknoloji entsha yababoneleli baseRussia.

Ukuthelekisa ne-ADSL

Ngaphambi kokuba iteknoloji yeGPON iqhutywe ngentshiseko kwinkqubo yokufikelela kwi-intanethi, umgangatho oqhelekileyo wokunxibeleliswa owenziwe ngababoneleli baseRashiya wawufikelela kwi-ADSL. Ngokomgaqo, kwanamhlanje kwiidolophu ezininzi kubonwa njengona mkhulu. Kwaye kwinqununu yaseRashiya, abaninzi abhalisile baxhunyiwe kuyo. Iinjongo eziphambili ze-ADSL xa kuthelekiswa ne-GPON kukuba i-intanethi ye-intanethi ingahlelwa ngokusekelwe kumgca wefoni okhoyo.

Njengomthetho, akukho msebenzi wongeziweyo ofunekayo. Ngaloo ndlela, i-ADSL, njengomthetho, ilahlekelwa ngokuthe ngcembe iteknoloji entsha kwisantya. Ukuba ukufikelela kwi-intanethi kuma-megabits angama-20-25 ngesibini kwi-GPON, kunoko, umgangatho, kwimeko yokusebenzisa i-ADSL - kwiimeko ezininzi, ngaphandle.

Uhlu lo qoqosho

Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa neerhafu ze-GPON, iintlawulo ze-intanethi nge-ADSL ziphantsi. Kwaye oku kunenzuzo kubasebenzisi abaninzi, kuba banelisekile kwimisebenzi yabo emininzi ukwenza ukukhawuleza okufumaneka kwi-teknoloji endala, okuyi-3-5 megabits ngesibini. Esi sibonakaliso, ngokukodwa, sikuvumela ukuba ukhuphe ngokukhululekile nayiphi na iphepha lewebhu, ubukele ividiyo, mamela umculo, uxoxe nge-Skype. Ukumisela uxhumano lwe-GPON, ngakwesinye icala, lunokuba luyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kunezenzo ezihambelanayo xa usebenza nesiteshi se-ADSL. Oku kungafaka isicelo kwiisofthiwe kunye neprogram. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko sele sithethe, kwiimeko ezininzi umboneleli unikezela ababhalisi bayo ngeenkonzo ezihambelanayo mahhala.

Iingxaki zeGPON

Ziziphi iingxaki zeetheknoloji eziqwalaselwa yiingcali? Ezinye iingcali, umzekelo, ukholelwa ukuba i-speed accredited 300 okanye ngaphezulu kweegabits ngesibini kubantu bendalo ayinakufikelela kwiimeko ezininzi. Kungenxa yokuba ubuninzi beemodem, eziguqulelwe ukusetyenziswa kwefayibha ekhaya (kwaye phantse zonke ezo zibonelelwa ngabanikezeli ngenkululeko), kungenakutshani ukuthumela idatha nge Wi-Fi kwijubane elingaphezu kwama-70-80 megabit. Ngoxa abaninzi abasebenzisi baseMoscow bayacetyiswa ukuba basebenzise uxhumano kuphela kwifomati engenafowuni. Nangona kwezinye izicelo zabameli be-MGTS, ukufikelela kwe-GPON kubhalisi beemetropolitan kuya kunikwa ngeemodem ze-Wi-Fi zamaninzi, ngokukodwa, ezo zisebenza kwi-5 GHz. Nangona amaninzi okwangoku asebenza kwi 2.4 GHz.

Ubume bezoqoqosho

Phakathi kweengcali ziphazamisekile ukungaphumeleli kwezoqoqosho ezibonakalayo kwiinkonzo ezisekelwe kwi-GPON (ukuphononongwa kwabahlalutyi abaninzi bezimali abaqinisekisa ukuba oku), nangona kusetyenziswe amandla amancinci ngokudluliselwa kwembonakaliso, kuyimfuneko ukuba umbutho weziseko ezizeleyo, izixhobo zibiza kwaye zihlawule ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, ngokweengcali, kuyacetyiswa ukuphumeza ezobuchwephesha xa umboneleli enethemba lokuba inani elikhulu labathengi liyakwazi ukuxhuma kwi-GPON. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngokweqela labahlalutyi, ababoneleli-mali, abaye batyala ixesha elifanelekileyo kwiimodareyitha zonxibelelwano, ngokubhekiselele ekutshintsheni kwi-GPON, banokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ezinxulumene nokugcina ukusebenza komnatha ngamaxesha amaninzi.

Izimpendulo zokhuphiswano

Ziziphi ezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe beMGTS GPON ezingasetyenziswa? Phakathi kwale ngcali ziphawula i-DOCSIS esemgangathweni, isetyenziswe ngumnye umboneleli waseMoscow - uAkado. Le teknoloji ibhekiselele ekusebenziseni "i-hybrid" yamashaneli e-fiber - ngokubhekiselele kwintlangano yokunxibelelana phakathi kwamaseva enkonzo kunye namakhaya abhalisele, kunye neetoni zethelevishini ezibekwe kwiindawo ezininzi zamadolophu-njengamasayithi omsebenzisi kwisikimu esifanelekileyo sokubonelela nge-intanethi. Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yale teknoloji ngaphezu kweGPON (ukuhlaziywa kwabasebenzisi abaninzi "iAkado" kugxininise le ngongoma) - akukho mfuneko yokufakela ngokukhawuleza esebenza kwindlu.

Isantya sokufikelela ngokukhawuleza, esinikwe ngababhalisi beemitha-mkhulu namhlanje, malunga nama-megabits angama-110, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo lo mzekelo unyuselwa ku-400, njengoko zininzi iingcali.

Ikhefu okanye i-fiber

Enye inzuzo ye-DOCSIS ngaphezu kweGPON (iingcali ze-IT zivakalisa oku kuqinisekisile oku) - intambo yeTV ikhuseleke kangcono kumonakalo okhoyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka, umzekelo, ukuba abanini bezindlu baqhube ngephutha kwi-fiber optical, bafake ifenitshala, ucingo oluvela kulo ngokukhawuleza luya ngaphandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku akusiyo "i-warranty case" - inkosi evela kumboneleli, ngokuqinisekileyo, iya kuza, kodwa ngeli xesha alikhululekile. Ukongezelela, i- cable coaxial ikhebula ingaqwalaselwa lula ngokwalo, ngokusekelwe ekuhambeni kokufakwa kwayo kwindlu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba kwakhiwa amacandelo awo amabini, angabandakanywa kunye ngokubambisana okulula. Ngefayili ngale ngqiqo, njengomthetho, kunzima.

Ukulwa ngokutsha kwamaqhawe

Esinye isisombululo, indlela yokukhuphisana ne-GPON esuka kwi-MGTS (ukuphononongwa kweengcali ezininzi, ubuncinane, ziqukethe iimvavanyo ezintle malunga namathuba alo) yiTheknoloji ye-FTTB. Iquka "VimpelCom" - isakhiwo esinegama leBeeline.

Ngendlela, sinokuyibona into enomdla: I-MGTS yinkxaso yomnye umsebenzisi waseRashiya osebenzayo, uMTS. I-GPON, ekhuphisana ne-FTTB, kwinqanaba elithile liqhubeka lijongene ne-MTS ne-Beeline kwiimarike zendabuko ngokwazo. Isivinini sokufikelela xa usebenzisa ubugcisa obubhekiselwe kumbuzo ngowomlinganiselo weegabits ezili-100. Ngelo xesha, njengoko ezinye iingcali ziphawula, ngokwenene kukho ithuba lokunyusa isibalo kwi-1 gigabit.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba i-MGTS ayikho yedwa umniki-nkonzo wezonxibelelwano waseRashiya osebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-fiber optic. Idibanisa ngokuxhomekeke kubhalisi bayo kwi-intanethi ngesiseko se-GPON "Rostelecom", abaninzi abaninikeli beengingqi.

I-GPON kunye nekarhwebo yorhwebo

Cinga ngemicimbi yokuthengisa yokuphumeza i-GPON eRashiya. Njengoko sele sibonile, omnye wabanikezeli abakhokelayo eRashiya ukubonelela nge-Intanethi yi- City City Network Network. I-GPON esuka kwi-MGTS (ukuphononongwa malunga nale nkonzo ngamanani amaninzi kufumaneka kwii-portals eziphathekayo) - inkonzo apho amaMuscovites angafikelela kwi-intanethi ngesivinini malunga nama-megabits / yesibini malunga no-300-500. Ikhono lobugcisa lokuxhuma kwinethwekhi ngoncedo lwe-teknoloji entsha lufumaneka kubabhalisi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 zaseRussia. Ngexesha elifanayo, imfuneko yenkonzo ayiqinisekanga kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo sokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, njengoko ezinye iingcali ziphawula, kodwa kuba abasebenzisi baseRussian Federation bajwayele ukusebenzisa izixhobo eziliqela-i-PC, ithebhulethi, i-smartphone. Imfuno ephakamileyo iphinda ithelevishini ye-Intanethi. Ngoko ke, ngokubanzi, abasebenzisi baseMoscow badinga ukukhawuleza kokufikelela kwesantya, ukwenzela ukuba izixhobo zonxibelelwano zaneleyo nganye kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo.

Izicwangciso zinomnqweno

I-MGTS, inkxaso-mali ye-MTS, i-GPON-intanethi ngokubhekiselele kwimihlaba yesimo esiphezulu kwi-capital capital iya kuqhutyelwa ngo-2017. Kukho idatha ukuba ixesha elifanelekileyo lilungiswe - inkampani iya kwenza imisebenzi ngokukhawuleza, ngo-2015. Njengoko kulindelwe kwi-MGTS, umkhankaso, odibene nokudluliselwa kweziseko zokufikelela kwi-intanethi kwi-GPON-teknoloji, uya kuzihlawula ngokwawo kwiminyaka engama-7.

I-teknoloji ye-GPON (ukuphononongwa kweengcali ezininzi ze-IT zichaneke kakhulu kule ngxelo) ingaba sisiseko esisebenzayo sokuthunyelwa kweminye imigangatho yokunxibelelana. Efana, umzekelo, 4G-Intanethi kwi-LTE epheleleyo. Apha, zombini izinto zobuchwepheshe nezoqoqosho zingadlala indima. Kukho ubungqina bokuba izibonelelo ze-GPON ezivela kwi-MGTS (ukuphononongwa kwabahlalutyi abaninzi beemarike ziqinisekisa oko) kuya kubandakanywa i-MTS, eqhuba ngokufanelekileyo imigangatho ye-4G. Kwiingxelo zabameli beli bhendi, ezichazwe kwimidiya ethile, kukho i-thesis ukuba iMTS iya kuba ngumqhubi wesikhulu kuphela oza kukhangela intanethi ye-4G ngokupheleleyo ngokusekelwe kwimizila ye-fiber-optic.

Ngaba i-GPON iyakuthembisa ngakumbi?

Ngokwabanye abahlalutyi, iinkampani ezisebenzisa iteknoloji yeGPON - Rostelecom, i-MGTS kunye nabanye ababoneleli - banakho ukufumana isibonelelo esinokuphuhliswa kancinci kwintsebenzo kunokuba kunemigangatho emininzi yokunxibelelana. Kwiintlobo ezininzi oku kubangelwa kukuba inqanaba lokhuphiswano kwi-GPON candelo lisezantsi kuncinci, umzekelo, phakathi kwabanikezeli abasebenzisa umxholo we-FTTB.

GPON kwimarike yehlabathi

Njengokuba iteknoloji yokufikelela kwi-intanethi yi-GPON (ukuphononongwa kweengcali ezininzi ziqinisekisa oku) eRashiya isasazeka ngokuthe ngqo kunokuba, ngokomzekelo, kumazwe aseNtshona. Nangona kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ababoneleli baseRashiya Federation, abahlalutyi abaninzi bakholelwa, baye bathatha amanyathelo amanyathelo angundoqo, banqoba i-backlog evela kwabo basebenzini babo basekuhlaleni ekufundeni ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Ngexesha elifanayo, kuyaqatshelwa ukuba imigangatho efana ne-DSL isabikho phakathi kweyona nto ibandakanyekayo kakhulu kwihlabathi. Ngethuba elifanayo, ukukhula komhlaba wonke kwe-GPON-edibeneyo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo i-20% ngonyaka.

Iingcali ezininzi ziqinisekile ukuba nakumazwe amaninzi aphesheya kwezobugcisa akukho nto ibone ngayo ngokubhekiselele kwizinto zobuchwepheshe obubanzi. Kwamazwe amaninzi ase-Asia naseMiddle East, iteknoloji yeGPON isetyenziswe kakhulu - kumazwe amaninzi ahlala ngaphezu kwehafu yeemarike kwicandelo elifanelekileyo lezonxibelelwano. EYurophu, enye yezinto ezikhokelela kwimpumelelo yokuphumeza imigangatho yeGPON ijongwa yiSweden. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngokweqela labahlalutyi, imarike yaseRussia inako ukufikelela kwizibonakaliso ezifana nokubonisa izinga lokuphunyezwa kwetheknoloji entsha.