Nabasunguli wazile. Lento abantu Great

Abayili Famous zehlabathi ziye wadala izinto ezininzi eziluncedo kuluntu. inzuzo yazo emphakathini kunganzima ukuba nemikhuba. ezifunyaniswe ezininzi brilliant ziye zasindisa ngaphezu kwesinye ubomi. Ngobani - nabasunguli, eyaziwa ngokuba yoyilo zabo ezizodwa?

Archimedes

Le ndoda ayizange nje yezibalo enkulu. Enkosi kuye, ihlabathi lonke wayesazi ukuba esipilini zokungqinga izixhobo ezinjalo. Enye yezinto elaziwa - Archimedes Screw (sokubhola), nge apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuba ngempumelelo ebheyila. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iteknoloji esetyenziswayo namhlanje.

Leonardo da Vinci

Nabasunguli, edume iimbono zabo brilliant ndingabi nawo ithuba ukuguqulela iingcinga zibe amanyathelo. Umzekelo, iparashute neplani, moya, iirobhothi, amatanki, kunye ibhayisekile, owayebonakele ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima ngu uLeonardo da Vinci, kuba ixesha elide wahlala engafunwanga. Ngelo xesha nje akazange abe iinjineli kunye namathuba ukuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso namabhongo.

uThomas Edison

Umsunguli igramafoni, ityhubhu umfanekiso kunye microphone ifowuni yaba nzulu esidumileyo American. NgoJanuwari 1880 oko kukhutshwa ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukuba isibane yale igqengezelayo, apho kamva waba Edison edumileyo ehlabathini lonke. Noko ke, abanye ningamgqali yingqondi, ukuphawula ukuba nabasunguli, edume kuphuhliso zayo, wasebenza yedwa. Ke Edison, wabanceda iqela labantu.

Nikola Tesla

Le izinto ezinkulu yale misebenzi weza ebomini kuphela emva kokufa kwakhe. Yonke kuchazwa nje: Tesla Kwaba njalo umntu Phendla, ukuba kungabikho mntu wayesazi malunga nomsebenzi wakhe. Ngenxa yemigudu kwenkqubo Isazinzulu polyphase wamandla ombane kwafunyaniswa ukuba kwakhokelela ukuvela kombane yorhwebo. Ukongeza, idala iziseko weerobhoti, physics zenyukliya, inzululwazi ikhompyutha kunye ballistics.

Aleksandr Grem Bell

abayili abaninzi, edume bakufumeneyo, yaye wancedisa ukwenza ubomi bethu ngcono. Kunjalo enokuthethwa Aleksandre Belle. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe onzima abantu ukunxibelelana ngokukhululekileyo, ukuba amawaka eekhilomitha ngaphandle, nabo bonke - ngenxa yokuba ifowuni. Bell kwakhona owavela audiometer - device ezizodwa egqiba ukungeva; isixhobo wokufuna ubutyebi - kwase of kakutsha metal mihla; moya yokuqala ehlabathini; inkwili ongumzekelo Alexander ngokwakhe ngokuba hydrofoil iphenyane.

Karl Benz

Le Scientist kuye kwaphunyezwa ngempumelelo uluvo oluphambili yobomi bakhe; isithuthi imoto. Kuyinto ngenxa kuye, ngoku ithuba Wamkhwelisa iimoto. Enye qambo exabisekileyo Benz - injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi. Kamva, imveliso imoto inkampani yaququzelelwa, namhlanje eyaziwa ehlabathini lonke. Le Mercedes Benz.

Edwin Land

Le Umsunguli odumileyo French uye wanikela ubomi bakhe kufota. Ngowe-1926, wakwazi ukuba ukuvula uhlobo olutsha polarizer, kamva wafumana igama "Polaroid". Land waseka inkampani Polaroid ukhuphe amalungelo abenzi kwaye omnye inventions 535.

Charlz Bebbidzh

Le Isazinzulu British kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba babesebenza ukudalwa computer yokuqala. Yaba nguye lowo igama umatshini isixhobo computing ezizodwa. Ngoba, nakuba abantu ayinalo ulwazi oluyimfuneko kunye namava, iinzame Babbage baye akubanga yimpumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ngcamango zikrelekrele bangabi zitshone zisabonakala: Howard Aiken kunye uKonrad Tsuze likwazile ukuphumeza kuzo phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Benjamin Franklin

Oku kwaziwa-kakuhle wezopolitiko, umbhali, uzowenza, uHorace kunye laseburhulumenteni kananjalo wayengusosayensi. Le inventions enkulu yabantu, Owubonayo kubulela ukukhanya Franklin, oku iindondo kwiilensi kunye catheter bhetyebhetye wokuchama, kwaye ngentonga umbane. Interesting Eneneni: noBhenjamin ngokwesiseko hayi elilodwa lomenzi na obafunyanwa bakhe, kuba ukholelwa ukuba bonke bephela - ilifa loluntu.

Jerome Hal Lemelson

Ezifana ezinkulu qambo abantu njengoba umatshini wefeksi, kwefowuni esebenza ngaphandle kweengcingo, i ezenzekelayo ukugcinwa kunye ekhasethini, ziye zanikezelwa kuluntu Jerome Lemelson. Ukongeza, ezi izazinzulu ziye zaphuhliswa iteknoloji iidayimani kunye nezinye izixhobo zonyango kunceda unyango lomhlaza.

uMikhail Lomonosov

Le genius recognised institution of ezahlukeneyo Sciences walungelelanisa eyunivesithi yokuqala eRashiya. Wayila idumileyo yabucala uMikhail Vasilyevich - umatshini umoya. Bekufanele ukuba ukukhulisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zemozulu. Ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi, oko Lomonosov Ungumbhali ngere--moya zanamhlanje.

Ivan Kulibin

Le ndoda ngaphandle kwesizathu ebizwa ummeli aqaqambe kwenkulungwane elinesibhozo. Ivan Petrovich Kulibin lwabantwana ekuqaleni umdla nemigaqo ubucukubhede. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, ngoku sebenzisa izixhobo inqanawa, iwotshi alarm, iinjini amanzi elibambeleyo. Ngokuba lixesha uthe fyabo ziye into alahlwayo angeyonyani. genius Ifani wada waba igama. Ngoku Kulibin ukubiza umntu uyakwazi ukwenza sifumanise izinto ezimangalisayo.

Sergei Korolev

Kwicandelo izilangazelelo bakhe swi cosmonautics, izixhobo eyama zokwakha kweenkqubo ngexabiso-space kunye nezixhobo ngezikhali. Sergey Pavlovich kakhulu negalelo ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Wadala kwisiphekepheke "Vostok" yaye "Voskhod", imijukujelwa anti-moya, "217" kwaye ixesha elide "212", kwakunye rocket moya, mayixhotyiswe injini rocket.

Alexander Popov

Wenza unomathotholo kunye yeradio-nzulu Russian. ukufunyanwa Unique kwakhokelwa iminyaka uphando ubunjani kunye nokuba andise.

Yamachiza enkulu njengononjineli wombane wazalwa umbingeleli usapho. Alexander wayenabantakwabo abathandathu kunye noodade. Sele ebuntwaneni bakhe ngokuqhula ngokuba uprofesa, njengoko Popov waba oneentloni, ibhityileyo, nelebhokhwe nzima, umthiyile imilo kunye imidlalo ingxolo. Xa Perm Theological Seminary, Alexander S. waqalisa ukufunda yemvelo encwadi Gano. Sasikuthanda yakhe indibano izixhobo ezilula zobugcisa. Ezi zakhono beza Ukugunda e elizayo xa kudalwa Popov izixhobo ezibonakalayo ukuze uphando yabo ebalulekileyo.

uKonstantin Tsiolkovsky

Ukuvulwa buchopho omkhulu Russian ukuba ukuzisa omoya kunye nenkqubo isithuba ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha. Ngowe-1897 Tsiolkovsky wagqiba umsebenzi itonela umoya. Ngezibonelelo abazahluleleyo, oko ibalwe kweelana ibhola, lombhobho okanye ezinye imizimba. Idatha ndiwazuze sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi imisebenzi yakhe UNikolai Zhukovsky.

Ngowe-1894 Tsiolkovsky wakha moya kunye ifreyim yesinyithi, kodwa ithuba lokwakha i sixhobo khange abonakale de kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva.

impikiswano. Umsunguli isibane - ngubani na?

Ngomhla ekudalweni yunithi, wasebenza ukubonelela ukukhanya kumaxesha amandulo. Kwase ezibane ngoku somdongwe iingqayi ezifunxa ezenziwe ngemisonto cotton. AmaYiputa amandulo obuthelwe umgqomo kwaye wawutshisa namafutha omnquma. Abahlali oLwandle lweCaspian wasetyenziswa kwizixhobo efanayo kwezinye izinto amafutha - oyile. I amakhandlela yokuqala eyenziwe kumaXesha Aphakathi, yayiba fini. Kakuhle eyaziwa uLeonardo da Vinci wasebenza nzima ukwenza i isibane oyile, kodwa isixhobo ekhuselekileyo Izibane lasungulwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ehlabathini kuqala.

Nangoku musani kupheza ingxoxo malunga ngubani na ngesiqu of "Umsunguli ibhalbhu ilayite." Eyokuqala udla ngokubizwa ngokuba Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov, wayesebenza yonke kwezombane ubomi bakhe. Wadala nje kuphela isibane kodwa ikhandlela yombane. isixhobo lokugqibela lisetyenziswa kwi egubungele ezitratweni. Wonder ikhandlela wayitshisa kunye neeyure ezine ezinesiqingatha, emva koko ococa kwafuneka ukuba kuthengwe esitsha.

Ngowe-1872-1873 gg. injineli Russian kunye buchopho Lodygin wadala ibhalbhu ilayite ngengqiqo yanamhlanje yeli gama. Ekuqaleni, ikhala ukukhanya imizuzu engamashumi amathathu, yaye emva efutha ukususela unit eli xesha linyuke kakhulu. Ukongeza, ukongama fyabo ibango eewathi isibane Tomas Edison kunye Dzhozef nabangane.

isiphelo

Nabasunguli ihlabathi wasinika izixhobo ezininzi ezenza ubomi ngakumbi ekhululekile yaye ohlukeneyo. Inkqubela akemi ngxi, yaye ukuba nkqu ambalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo ukuphumeza zonke neepani abazange bafumane izakhono zobugcisa, namhlanje ukuguqulela iingcinga zibe inyathelo lula kakhulu.