Desert and semi-entlango: umhlaba, imozulu, izilwanyana

Semi-entlango - lome, iindawo ezomileyo zehlabathi apho awe ngaphezu kwe-25 cm kwemvula ngonyaka ngamnye. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo uluhlu yabo kamnandi. Noko ke, asingabo bonke owulahlayo kukho imozulu ishushu kakhulu, abanye babo, phezu koko, ingqalelo imimandla eqhaqhazelisa boMhlaba. Enezityalo nezilwanyana ngeendlela ezahlukileyo apha naphaya ukulungiselela iimeko ezinzima kwezi nkalo.

Njengoko kukho koozintlango, ebuntlangorha?

Izizathu ngenxa apho kukho iintlango, zininzi. Umzekelo, kwi Atacama Desert imvula encinane kuba imi emazantsi kwentaba crests bayifikelela kuyo imvula.

intlango Ice imiswe ngenxa yezinye izizathu. E Antarctica, i-Arctic yaye ingqimba engundoqo ikhephu iwela kunxweme ukuba nezwe amafu ikhephu ngokubonakalayo musa ukufikelela. Kwezulu ngokubanzi yohluka kakhulu, omnye lipholile, umzekelo, umyinge wonyaka ukuze bawe. Ezi emigodini ngekhephu kwakheka amakhulu eminyaka.

intlango Hot ziyahluka ngengingqi kakhulu abohlukeneyo. abanye babo Kuphela sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo ngesanti. Umphezulu of igcwele kakhulu kunye iingqalutye, amatye kunye nezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Bumane phantse ngokupheleleyo vula imo yezulu. zemimoya Strong umoya uyichole kwitekisi welitye ezincinane hit nabo phezu emaweni.

Kwiintlango sandy ngumoya uthwala njengentlabathi intsimi, ukudala ngumtshangatshangiso-ifana iidipozithi, ezo zibizwa ngokuba iindunduma. Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo kwiinduli - iindunduma. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuphakama yabo kufikelela iimitha ezingama-30. isiqhova Dune unokuba ubude 100 kwaye yandisa-100 km.

iimeko lobushushu

Imozulu iyintlango kunye semidesert kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwezinye iingingqi, amaqondo emini unako ukufikelela kwinqanaba lika 52 ° ^C Le meko kubangelwe kukungabikho emafini emoyeni, kangangokuba akukho nto konga umphezulu kude elangeni ngqo. ubushushu Night liyehla, kwakhona ngenxa yokungabikho emafini na ukuba ubushushu umgibe yemisebe komhlaba.

Ezinkqantosini eshushu emvula - into inqabile, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha apha kwimeko imvula enamandla. Emva kokuba amanzi Imvula kwelifunekayo emhlabeni, ize imisele ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ebusweni by siwasebenzise kweengqakumbana zomhlaba kunye namatye kwimithombo ezomileyo, ndingulo ntlambo.

Indawo intlango kunye nezo zihlala koozintlango

Kumazwekazi, leyo ibekwe ezinezinga emantla na entlango kunye nezo zibuntlangorha nefumileyo yaye baba ziingcathu imimandla. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho kwakhona yimvula - kwi Indo-Gangetic Plain, e-Arabhi, e-Mexico, e United States kumzantsi-ntshona. Asia, iindawo entlango extra-ashinyeneyo ibekwe lweCaspian ukudakumba, kwi-Central Asia and South-Kazakh ethafeni e Central Asia kunye yasezintabeni zaseAsiya. Iziseko Central entlango Asia abayinqobo imozulu kabukhali yezwekazi.

Ezinkqantosini ikhweyitha southern and semi-intlango azixhaphakanga. Nazi ezinye intlango semi-entlango enkulu ezakhiwe njengoko Namibia, Atacama entlango uluhlu kunxweme ePeru Venezuela, Victoria, Kalahari eyintlango Gibson, Simpson, i Gran Chaco, Patagonia, Omkhulu Sandy Desert and semi-entlango Karoo kwi-Afrika kumzantsi-ntshona.

intlango Polar akhiwe kwiziqithi lwezwekazi kwiindawo Eurasia glacial kwiziqithi lencinibakazi eKhanada, kumantla eGreenland.

imfuyo

Izilwanyana koozintlango, ebuntlangorha yeminyaka emininzi yokuphila kwezi ndawo ziye bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zemozulu ezinzima. Against ubushushu nengqele, babonisele ngayo imingxuma komhlaba, badle iinxalenye becala komhlaba kwezityalo. Phakathi izilwanyana kukho iintlobo ezininzi carnivores: impungutye Fenech, iikati jungle, cougars, coyotes kunye amahlosi. Imozulu iyintlango kunye semidesert negalelo ekubeni izilwanyana ezininzi ziphuhliswe ngokugqibeleleyo inkqubo thermoregulatory. Abanye abemi entlango unako ukumelana ilahleko kolwelo ukuya kwisithathu mizimba yabo (umzekelo, geckos, inkamela), naphakathi ezingenamqolo kukho iintlobo abakwaziyo ukuphulukana amanzi ukuya esithathwini-sobunzima bayo.

E North America kunye Asia wafumana intabalala ezirhubuluzayo, ingakumbi namacilikishe iqashiso. Zabiwe kakuhle inyoka: f-emingxunyeni, iinyoka ezahlukeneyo ezinobuhlungu, Boa. Kwizilwanyane ezikhulu bafumana yiSAIGA, kulan, iinkamela, pronghorn, kutshanje wanyamalala ihashe Przewalski kaThixo (ekuthinjweni, oko kufunyanwa).

Izilwanyana entlango kunye nezo zibuntlangorha Russia - yinto ezahlukeneyo enkulu zezilo ezizodwa. Kule mimandla entlango kumiwa hi kwemivundla, sandstones, neencanda,-esile lasendle, Jamaal, iinyoka ezinobuhlungu. Ezinkqantosini, apho ibekwe phezu kummandla eRashiya, ikwafunyanwa iintlobo 2 izigcawu - Black Umhlolokazi kunye Tarantula.

Xa intlango polar umiwe amabhere, inkomo must, impungutye Arctic, yaye ezinye iintlobo zeentaka.

uhlaza

Ukuba sithethe malunga utyani koozintlango, ebuntlangorha kumkhawulela cactus ezahlukahlukeneyo, zhestkolistye zengca, amatyholo, psammophytes, ephedra, nemingampunzi, Haloxylon, isepha umthi, umhla wesundu, ulele ezityiwayo nabanye.

Koozintlango semi-ezinkqantosini: umhlaba

Umhlaba idla ngokwaneleyo, ukwakhiwa kwayo esilawulwa ngamanzi-enyibilikayo iityuwa. Phakathi rocks zomhlaba-yakheka esilawulwa nezikhukhula wamandulo kunye needipozithi loess zilungiswa yimimoya. Umhlaba Grey-brown ikhona kwiindawo kwithafa eziphakamileyo. Intlango linophawu saline, imihlaba ngamanye eziqulathe malunga ne-1% iityuwa ezinyibilikayo. Ukongeza iintlango, imigxobhozo ityuwa nazo zifumaneka kumathafa kunye nezo entlango. Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, eziquka ityuwa, xa kufikelela phezu komhlaba efakwe umaleko ayo aphezulu, leyo etyuwa emhlabeni.

ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo iintlobo zomhlaba uphawu le imimandla zemozulu njengoko intlango nefumileyo yaye ebuntlangorha. Umhlaba kule mimandla a-orenji kunye lwezitena ezibomvu ethile. Imbeko zabo sele ifumene igama efanelekileyo - krasnozems kunye zheltozemy. Xa ibhanti sikwisubtropic eMntla Afrika kuMzantsi nakuMntla Melika, kukho iintlango, apho kwasekwa imihlaba hina. Kwezinye Iziseko tropical entlango wambumba ngumhlaba obomvu-yellow.

Natural indawo intlango kunye ebuntlangorha - yinto iintlobo ezininzi zezinto komhlaba, imozulu, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Nangona ngqwabalala yaye ukhohlakele ezinkqantosini, le mimandla yaba ekhaya iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana.