Inkcazelo Kalimantan

Island of Borneo - na inxalenye Indonesian of Borneo wesiqithi, i-esithathwini (532 205 macala onke Km.) Of ummandla ogcweleyo (743,330 macala Km.). Imilo ye kwisiqithi saseBorneo, ubungakanani bayo, iimpawu geographical kunye neempawu zendalo umdla kubakhenkethi abaninzi. Le yindawo apho iibhanki ezivela kulo lonke ihlabathi nezifuna kubathandi ezininzi zasendle.

Uphi na isiqithi Borneo

Isembindini we-Malay Archipelago, zihlanjwe iilwandle ezine, Kalimantan iyawasusa abaninzi kangangoko ezintathu ithi: Brunei, Malaysia kunye Indonesia, emi elidliwa yomhlaba kwaye iqulathe amaphondo amane, ogama ngokungqinelana ne amaqela alumeke: Central, West, South, East. inxalenye Malaysian yi-26% yomhlaba wonke kwaye yahlulwe ithi Sabak kunye Sarawak.

Yintoni na ubude Kalimantan

YaseBorneo, ngobukhulu ehlabathini ngobukhulu balo - oku ngokwenene indawo enhle, mesmerizing ubuhle zasendle kunye kumahlathi nezangaphakathi ashinyeneyo, iindidi imilambo emikhulu, izityalo nezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo, ezinye abameli zazo zifumaneka apha kuphela. Ukususela kumzantsi-ntshona ukuya ubude kumntla-mpuma Kalimantan malunga ne 1,100 neekhilomitha. Kukho utoliko eziliqela yegama layo: "mango Umhlaba", "Diamond River 'imbeko esizweni wengingqi - klemantanov. Ubude kwisiqithi saseBorneo ngeekhilomitha, indawo yayo, indawo kunye nohlobo umdla lwabahambi ezininzi njengabaphuphayo ukufika kulo mmandla kunye kumahlathi ashinyeneyo.

Island History

Kwabantu bokuqala abavela eAfrika, kwisiqithi Kalimantan apho ixesha elide - 50 000 eyadlulayo. Kwinkulungwane ye-15 Borneo yaba yinxalenye ubukhosi Indonesian ka Majapahit, inxalenye ezingaphakathi kwakuhlala bendawo, kunye incam esemantla kwiinkulungwane ukuya ku-18 fanele yachuma ngaloo minyaka le Sultanate of Brunei. BaseYurophu baqalisa ukuhlola kummandla Kalimantan ngenkulungwane ye-16 yaye lahlala phezu kwayo akakhawulezi ngokwaneleyo; nkqu Dutch waliseka East India Company, apho injongo kumazwe angaphandle ukuya kumazwe 'Ncwadi lwezixhobo zendalo.

Kamva, isiqithi Kalimantan (photo iqhotyoshelwe) yaba lilifa lobukoloniyali iNetherlands, ekugqibeleni simthobe ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II oko ekwakusetyenzwa ngayo yaseJapan. Ukuzimela weRiphabliki Indonesia yathatyathwa ngo-1950.

A kancinci i Dayak

Kalimantan Island (photo ibonisa ngokucacileyo bonke ubuhle ye kwezi ndawo zobugqi) igcinwe kude yimpucuko phambili ngokukhawuleza. Akukho ezikhumbuzo yimbali yamandulo kunye resort zokuzonwabisa. Abemi yokuqala siqithi unguye Dayak, kungenjalo obizwa ngokuba "abazingeli nyambalala yeminikelo" (nesiko besizisa iintloko inkampu yakhe okulwa izizwe ezinobutshaba). Bayenze lukhuni babambelele ebekwe phantsi emakhulwini yesithethe. Inani labantu yalapha imalunga nesigidi esinye ngabantu, kwaye baphila ngomthetho ehlathini, kunye norhwebo ozingela iinkawu kunye neentaka ngoncedo kwezixhobo yamandulo. Akuthandeki ukuba imvelaphi kwisingqi yobomi ayathanda ubude kwisiqithi Kalimantan km. Dayaks abahlala kumakhaya elide, ebizwa lamins; ngamnye abantu abamalunga nama-50. Ikratshi abantu bakhe, loo ubuqhawe kunye iindwendwe okuvakaliswa nemidaniso - lo mbono engaqhelekanga ngokwenene nezinomtsalane.

Uluntu lulonke Kalimantan ngabantu malunga 10 million, inkoliso yabo ahlale lomfula kwaye ibandakanyeka nokulinywa komhlaba. abahlala City ezifana kurhwebo yezandla ezahlukeneyo.

kwiphondo Kalimantan

Central Kalimantan - kwiphondo likhulu siqithi ngummandla 153564 square metres. ukusuka. Ekuqaleni, le ndawo ivela njenge ihlathi nezangaphakathi eqinileyo jungle, lo gama emazantsi yalo - na moorland, inani elikhulu imilambo nemixawuka, nasentla ke iintaba. Enyangweni kubo - Bukit Raya, lwathi 2278 ubude kwaye zibekwe phezu kumda Central kunye West Kalimantan. Esi sixeko sihle lesiqithi luthathwa Palancar, ekuqaleni wazalwa kwikomkhulu Indonesia.

Southern Borneo - zizityebi kwiphondo otyebileyo eyaziwa izityalo amakhulu entsimbi kwaye (36985 ezikwere zeekhilomitha.) Imithi irabha kunye massif yahlulwe Miratus zibe iinxalenye ezimbini: eentaba kwentsunguzi ehlathini lemvula nezihlambo imilambo emininzi, elide apho - Barito (ubude 600 km). Ikomkhulu of South Kalimantan lowo Bandazharmasin umzi uphawuleka imisele ezininzi kunye nobugcisa bokwakha umdla nasezidolophini. Yimbonakaliso sixeko mosque Sabila Muhtadin, zamaRoma odumileyo ubude. Ingqalelo komkhulu ezitsalwa layo engaqhelekanga kwakudada phezu umlambo imijelo ekruqulayo kunye nomlambo. Kufuphi Bandazharmasina imigodi diamond, apho imigodi na GEMS yenziwe. In Borneo isungula iidipozithi iidayimani kunye neoli, kunye nemveliso namafutha undoqo kuqoqosho Indonesia ne Brunei.

East Kalimantan kuthatha indawo ye 194.849 square metres. km kwaye inxalenye yesibini ngobukhulu wesiqithi ukuya kwidolophu iphambili ye Samarinda, sisizibuko inkulu zorhwebo, ibekwe i Mahakam River Delta kunye izakhiwo edumileyo phezu kunye ngolwandle. Samarinda idume yezandla yayo: nezacholo kunye neeperile, bagatelles rattan ezinithiweyo amalaphu esihle sarongs.

West Kalimantan

Western Borneo (146,807 macala onke. Km) yindawo thinned ngamahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye amadobo afanayo. Apha, njengoko emazantsi wesiqithi, kukho inani elikhulu imilambo, kwaye uninzi lwazo zizele amanzi unyaka wonke. Barito, Mahakam kunye Kapuas iinqanawa ukuba ngeekhilomitha amakhulu eminyaka. Hi ndlela leyi, kwisiqithi kukho ezimbini Kapuas River, enye leyo ethatha indawo e West Kalimantan kwaye igqalwa umlambo mde Indonesia (1040 km) kunye mlambo mde kwihlabathi siqithi. Second Kapuas 600 ubude km na isebe Barito kunye aqukuqela kumbindi wesiqithi. Ikomkhulu West Kalimantan i Pantianak isixeko wonxweme ukuwela umgca ikhweyitha le. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo ufanelwe ingqalelo abakhenkethi yi Abdurrahman Mosque, Sultan Palace Kadriarh, Museum of iiseramikhi kunye imveliso yephondo, kunye Museum City kunye sisincoko umdla, elingcwele, inkcubeko abantu bamandulo.

iimpawu uphawu Kalimantan

iipaki ezininzi lwesizwe abathe saa, ebahlanganisela siqithi, bonisa nobukhazikhazi yohlobo yimvula, iyantlukwano nezinto ezahlukileyo ezi enezityalo nezilwanyana. etyebileyo neziindidi Flora Borneo: ezanyisayo kuphela thaca iintlobo 222, apho 44 eentlobo zezityalo izezo zifumaneka. Apha ungenza kufumana iinkawu enkulu, iindlovu, eziphaphazelayo lemurs, kukho inani elikhulu kweentlobo ilulwane, ingwe, kwena, lomkhombe-ineempondo ezimbini. Emahlathini kukho inani elikhulu zeentaka - 600. Eyona idumileyo: Bird - imikhombe, parrot, Argus. Izilwanyana arthropods nezinambuzane ukuze eninzi okwangoku iphicothwe. Of imithi esilawulwa esundu, uqalo, ficus multicore, nto leyo uAshera yonke, kwasekwa iingcambu ezonga yesityalo unokufikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha 15-30.

amahlathi aluhlaza imithi ezinkulu zihluma ukuya ubude neekhilomitha enye enesiqingatha. Phakathi kwabo - le sandalwood kunye rasamala. Inkuni ezi abameli yehlabathi izityalo lubaluleke kakhulu kwaye sisiseko soqulunqo enuka oli ezingundoqo, nentlaka kunye balsams. Le ntaba ntaba zigqunywe grass ephikisanayo kunye iintshinyela kwetyholo. Coast of Kalimantan uninzi imigxobhozo esezantsi-ukuxoka, ndingenakwenza nendawo matheku. Ngaselunxwemeni yolula ngakanye umqobo elide enezixhobo.