Yintoni musket? Imbonakalo musket yokuqala

Yintoni na ke musket, abantu abaninzi bazi lukhulu. Eyokuqala ilizwi enxulumene Amaqhawe iinoveli ka Alexandre Dumas - musketeers abaziwayo French. iya abaninzi ungamangaliswa bafunde ukuba musket yokuqala ukuvela ayikho eFransi, kunye wakhe wokusungula isiFrentshi bengenanto yakwenza. Yaye oko kudla ngokwenza abantwana musket, baqale ukufunda ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko ezingemnandi ngokwabo.

Ibali musket

Ekuqaleni 16 gear joni leminyaka lifikelele kwinqanaba ofumanekayo ngexesha kompu "lula" baphulukana nje ukusebenza kwayo. Iimbumbulu emsebenzini i arquebus (owandulela lo musket), ngenxa ubunzima bayo ephantsi (18-20 grams) kunye amancinci-ukuvuleka, ayikwazanga ukungena amajoni utshaba isikrweqe kunye chainmail. It kwakufuneka isixhobo entsha ukwandisa iipropati yingozi. Kwaye ke ukusungula ngumgubo granular ukuba sibalulekile maxesha yezixhobo kunye nokusekwa musket.

Ceba gun

I musket lokuqala (umpu kunye umphanda elide kunye matchlock) wabonakala eSpeyin, yaye wasungula oko, ngokutsho kwezinye mbali, Spanish armourer Mokket evela Veletry. Lento yakhe yaba ubude Umphanda 140 cm kuphunyelelwa. Oku kwanda ubude umphanda liye landa ukuvuleka gun isigxina umgubo kunye nobunzima, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, uluhlu yayo ubuchule lomlilo kunye Ukuhlukunyezwa.

Kodwa ukwandisa ubude umphanda ke kanye njengomgubo granular. akazange uyidinga lityhale breech le ramrod gun, njengoko kwakufuneka yokwenza umgubo ido-, unamathele ezindongeni yazala. Ngoku, zithutha kokwenziwa zaye Wagalela kulo breech ngaphandle uncedo, kwaye Phezulu ekhandiweyo isipha ramrod. Ngaphandle ngumgubo enjalo kutshiswa ngokufanayo kwaye ngokuqinileyo, nayo leyo kwandisa isantya lokuqala kunye noluhlu imbumbulu.

Iimpawu musket lokuqala

ubude Musket iyonke yaba 180 cm kunye ubunzima malunga 8 kg, ngoko kwakufuneka inkxaso ukudubula. fourchette Bakhula (Pad), ngelo kwesinye isiphelo ugxunyekwe emhlabeni, wayibeka phantsi kwizikhondo inkxaso yesibini.

Ngenxa yokwanda ukuvuleka ukuya kwi-23 mm (harquebuses kwaba 15-17 mm) kunye nokwanda ubunzima imbumbulu. Apho waba musket ubunzima 50-60 grams. Adubula uluhlu kulo mzekelo laliziimitha 200-240, yaye lo mgama bullet ngenqindi ngokulula isikrweqe elinamandla. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba ukubetha utshaba ukusuka musket, kubalulekile ukuba uzame kakhulu kunene. Le kungenzeka ukuba lobukhulu ababini ngu neemitha ezimbini ezifakwe kumgama oziimitha ezi-70 ukuze abinzwe, yaba%-60 kuphela.

Ukongeza, bahlehla enamandla nako ukumthintela kuphela umntu ukulungiselela emzimbeni elungileyo. Ubunokwazi athambe kuvuthelwa emagxeni enxitywa ababetheki abotshwe, badlale indima ethukile absorber.

Ukuze ukumangalela umpu, oko kwakufuneka ukuqhuba izithethe.

Njengoko muskets icala

Ndiyakuthethela umpu ngokusebenzisa emngxunyeni. Zayo ezikhethekileyo etui ngomthi (zaryadtsa) omkulu umgubo efunekayo ukuze udibaniso shot elinye. Wompu ngo zaryadtsy eyayijinga ebhantini ikrele utolo, kulinganiswa kwangaphambili. On imbewu kwithala musket of natruski (neeflaski ngumgubo elincinane) spiked ngumgubo ocolekileyo. Bullet usebenzisa intonga zokucoca zityhalelwa kulo umphanda. Intlawulo ephakamayo yi msonto, nto leyo sicinezelweyo kwimbewu ingalo kwithala. Kokwenziwa ephakamayo kunyusa bullet.

Ngenxa yoko, ukulungiselela shot lichitha malunga-2 nemizuzu, ixesha LITHILE rate elungileyo.

Ekuqaleni muskets yambethe kuphela elihamba, kwaye ukubalwa kuba musket inkonzo ibe ngabantu ababini: umba yesibini bamlandela umsonto elivuthayo, wamzalela iimbumbulu kunye Buffet.

amaqhinga Ukulwa for Musketeers

Ngenxa neqondo eliphantsi ukusetyenziswa muskets ukuba isicelo amaqhinga ezizodwa. Amajoni, bexhobe muskets, umgca kwindawo yembutho eziziingxande, ubunzulu leyo ukufikelela phezulu gaba 12. Emva kokuba lokuqala uluhlu ivolibholi uvelise loo wanika indlela eya elandelayo, ngoxa yena lihambe liye ekupheleni kwenkqubo ukulayisha muskets zabo. Ngenxa yoko, leHamas lwaqhutywa phantse rhoqo. Zonke izenzo iqela Musketeers, kuquka kulayishwa inkqubo.

Kwezikhali muskets Europe

Ngowe-1515, i-French kuqala ukufunda oko musket edabini kunye namajoni iSpanish. lula iibhola Musket imngene isikrweqe elinamandla. Spanish ngoncedo sezipho lwakhe elide-barreled woyisa eyothusayo phezu isiFrentshi.

Ngowe-1521 muskets sele endle zokuphelisa ngumkhosi Spanish. Kwaye ngo 1525, kwakhona edabini kunye isiFrentshi, ezafumana igama layo zembali "Idabi Pavia", abantu baseSpeyin baye ziboniswe bonke ubuhle bayo phambi kwazo zonke ukongama muskets nezinye izixhobo. Musketeers aba nodonga enkulu mabutho French.

Yaba emveni eli dabi ukuba musket, wagqiba ukuba ukwazi eYurophu. Baqala ke ukuba ebambene iiyunithi nomkhosi eFransi naseJamani, yaye kamva - kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Kwixa elizayo, ezi musket waba enziwe uphuculo. Masters izixhobo baseJamani indawo silicon matchlock. Senyanga, ngokubuyisela lever uyakhululwa kunye spring lenyengane, wona usekwe phezu flints nefuthe yintlantsi ongawambanga wokhela kwazo. Imfuneko umsonto yanyamalala.

I-Dutch ngcono buti. Bafaka metal ukusuka apho kwenziwe, ezithambileyo ngakumbi. Oku ngaphandle amatyala ikhefu wakhe shot.

Spanish, amava Dutch kunye nendlela urhulumente azakuboleka nokuququzelela musket ku 4.5 kg, isixhobo ukuba akhwele amahashe. Le musket yaba jikelele, inokusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iintlobo amajoni, yaye oko kwenziwa yonke imikhosi zaseYurophu.