White Movement: izizathu ngokoyiswa kwiMfazwe Civil

Mhlawumbi ibali kweMfazwe Civil eRashiya le theyibhile page ezifundisayo kakhulu memory yesizwe. Ezi ziganeko isikhumbuza ngoko kufuneka ayivumelekanga kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kuba kolu didi okulwa - eyona ngqiqweni, ngokungenalusini wamagazi. Nantoni na, kodwa ezi ziganeko zitshone akho imbali. Kodwa ke washiya inani khorwisaka kwemiba. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke umdla nebalulekileyo: "Kutheni baphulukana intshukumo White" izizathu kokoyiswa, "abamhlophe" uya kukwazi ukuchaza kumagama ambalwa, njengoko esi siphumo neziphumo iseti izinto ezo ezimbi kubo.

kunokuba entry

Isimanga, kodwa okhoyo ukwahlula zembali phakathi "red", "white" yaye "green" ebudeni bemfazwe phantse bengekho. Yintoni na isizathu? Ngelo xesha xa kukho ukuphazamiseka eyoyikekayo, umntu kunzima ukuba bajoyine naliphi na iqela kuphela. bekukho amakhulu "abakhulelweyo" indoda njengomlandeli "yembono" yookumkani okanye revolution. Kwaye oko kulungile, ekubeni bekukho imeko enjalo ngawo onke amaxesha, naphantsi nawuphi na urhulumente.

Kulula ukutshintsha ulwalathiso impixano, olunye nje kuphela, kodwa noko yonke emkhosini! Kwaye abaninzi uye emva naphambili izihlandlo eziliqela ebudeni bemfazwe.

I intsomi "Terror Red"

Xa imithombo emininzi mihla esinye sezizathu ezimandla ngokoyiswa "abamhlophe" ukuba "zonke-yatya ngesothuso ebomvu", leyo kuthiwa "waphosa ezinyaweni zawo lizwe ukoyika." Yeha, ivuso lowo. Loo nto benza nje akhe onke amaqela ukuba impi, kwaye akukho mfuneko kufuna phakathi kwabo "ekunene" kunye "ephosakeleyo,". Ngelo xesha xa uluntu iye yasilela, xa kukho kwinqanaba ebalulekileyo kwempixano, abantu nto uza kuphulukana, ukuze lula ukuya amanyathelo ezininzi kakhulu.

Ukongeza omnye akufuneki cingela ukuba wonke ummandla elalisakuba yoBukhosi Russian ngequbuliso wajika waba kwiziko elidangazela umlilo of revolution, ekuqaleni ebomvu ezimhlophe iziqithi ezincinane engqongwe kweelwandle linakho ubunzima egalelwe ngokupheleleyo zaba balimi. Kuyinto etyeni ukuba uthi, kodwa ebomvu namhlophe (singasathethi ke "green anodaka") babeqhelisela yokugaya abasebenzi ngobuninzi nabaxhasi amazwe. Ngaphezu koko, le "amagosa tsarist" nelikhulu, ngamanye amaxesha abafuni ukulwa. Kukho iimeko apho amagosa baba Shicilela zokutyela of Kiev, waza wasebenza yonke imivuzo. Ngoko ke akukho ngaphezulu ukutya.

Kutheni thina sonke sithetha ngayo? Yinto elula. Ukuba uyayiqonda into isiphithiphithi ezoyikekayo walawula kwiinyanga zokuqala okanye iminyaka yemfazwe. Kwakukho "noludumileyo kakhulu 'kwindawo kwaMandla oLuntu White, nto ngaye lo kunye Reds. Inkoliso yabantu nje bafuna ukuba nizole, ngokukhawuleza ukutshintsha i "color" ngokungqinelana ezenzeka kwezopolitiko. Ngoko iyophulwa intshukumo emhlophe '? Izizathu ngokoyiswa yobuxoki yakhe iinkcukacha ezininzi.

Yintoni ekufuneka mkhosi?

Nayiphi zamaqela, ndoxelelwa ngubani ethetha, izinto ezimbini kwakufuneka: a amandla ophilayo (oko kukuthi, kubuthwa) kunye nesonka. Yonke enye into eza kulandela.

Zombini izibonelelo zikwazi ukuthathwa kuphela apha elalini, kuphela nabalimi enokuzeka kade, nto leyo uzimisele ukunikela nantoni na nabani na. Ngenxa yoko - umkhuba ngesothuso, baye ababebuthelene kumacala omabini ukuba owona isixhobo efanayo ebeyithanda lo Isibonelelo Government of Kerensky. Isiphumo iye luqhankqalazo umlimi rhoqo, nto leyo kwakhona bacinezelwa kumacala onke War Civil, yaye ezona ndlela ukhohlakele.

Kwaye ngenxa yokuba "ngesothuso ebomvu ezoyikekayo" into engaqhelekanga wayengekho. Kunjalo, oko akuthethi ume ngaphandle unkwantyo emhlophe. Ngoko ke ukuba iiBolsheviks iphumelele ngenxa yokuba "iintshukumo zobundlobongela". Ngoko ke, lo intshukumo ezimhlophe ebangela unezilonda zezi:

• ubunye myalelo;
• umbutho amahlwempu;
• ideology zisetyenziswe tenxileyo ngokugqithisileyo.

Nazi izizathu 3 ngokoyiswa intshukumo White. Makhe sihlolisise ezimbalwa nganye kwezi ngongoma, nganye lufihla oluntsonkothileyo iingxaki ezinzima. Ngamnye kubo nga kukhotha intshukumo White. Izizathu ngokoyiswa manga into yokuba baye ngexesha elifanayo.

Enye nenkuku yamanzi, lo yenamvuna kunye Pike ...

Ngokubanzi, isenzo ekuqaleni ebomvu usaqhubeka lula kakhulu. Basebenzisa ukudlala kwimeko apho isangqa - ". Iziko umyalelo" ukuba njengabagunyaziswa abecuphi, apho ngalinye fikisa, kodwa akukho mfuneko yokungenisa eyodwa Kwi-Civil kubo kwafuneka ukuba benze kanye okufanayo, kodwa kwezi meko kwiBolsheviks ngokwawo kufuneka ukuba ufake lo mdlalo. Kwakufuneka ngamaqhinga, kodwa ukwenza kube lula kakhulu.

"Ulawulo olusebenzayo"

Kodwa White akwazi ukusebenza kwiimeko ezinjalo befuna mandundu kakhulu, yaye izimvo kwi okwenzekayo, kwakuba eziliqela ngakumbi. Xa ukuphakama imfazwe enkampini ngaphezulu okanye efanayo abomvu ngokwenene balwa ngaphezu kweshumi emhlophe, yaye uninzi imikhosi yazo babengafuni ekuhleni lo mgaqo-nkqubo. Nokwanela okwenzekayo konke oku akuzange ukudibanisa kwakhona.

Enyanisweni, lo mbhodamo kwaye 'ngokuphuma "umnakekeli ithuba lokuphumelela intshukumo White. Izizathu ngokoyiswa ubuxoki kwi kukungakwazi thethwano kunye nexesha ukuphelisa abantu ngokuphandle yingozi. Hi xikombiso, le meko kunye Entente. Ngelo xesha, kwiBolsheviks baba ngokuphandle buthathaka, ababuthathaka aliphelelanga, njengokuba ngobukrakra Wabhala Vladimir Ulyanov. Kubonakala, uya kufuna ukusuka namahlakani ayo, izixhobo kunye izixhobo, esebenzisa yokuba ezi odolo esele zihlawulwe ngurhulumente tsarist, ewe ukusombulula ingxaki kanye nabo bonke ...

Elahliwe futhi

Kodwa abo amaqokobhe efanayo isigqibo ukubuza amaJamani. Le yokugqibela, baphulukene leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ngokuzolileyo wanyamalala, yaye "namahlakani" le Entente, ukuziphatha aphazamiseke abamhlophe baba Musa ukungxama ukuba banike uncedo olusebenzayo. Ngowe-1919, bakhetha ukungenela umkhosi yokungenelela. Ngokuba yintoni? Kwaye ukudlisa kubo intshukumo White? Kuphanga ubutyebi Russia, baba lula single-handedly, kodwa yonke 'umbala lwamagosa, "kwafumaniseka ukuba ibe (okwangoku), akukho mfuneko.

Xa Reds ekugqibeleni kuvele yaye bakwazi ukuqhuba imisebenzi ngempumelelo ekhubekisayo, ngokukhawuleza interventionists zasobiralis ekhaya balwa kubo wayengafuni, namhlophe ngexesha ekugqibeleni bahlukana, umoya wabo kuvuliwe ephantsi kwaye injongo - engasoze njenge isanga entlango. Khumbula, ngasendleleni, omnye izizathu ngokoyiswa mbutho White ke, kungakhathaliseki kubonakala njani engaqhelekanga unakho, ukunqongophala iyonke urhulumente.

Kukho iingxaki ezininzi, kodwa akukho izisombululo ...

Xa Ezomva ezimhlophe ezilishumi limitrofov lobhedu, iingxaki ekufuneka zisonjululwe ebomvu kuphela. Ngaphezu koko, ngalinye umphathi ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi efanelekileyo Ezomva white ndikhululekile ibamba ezinye "Ataman", iphanga abulale abantu, kodwa i "izilumkiso kunye usola," akazange eze ukulwa nalo "zolule". Loluphi uhlobo umanyano umyalelo kungaxoxwa ukuba amagosa ibalulekileyo wazibonakalisa ukuba akanako izenzo ezisisiseko lombutho?

Ukongeza, emhlophe ngabom zinokubakhubekisa enye kwenye ukusuka izinto zexesha elifutshane, wakwazi ukuba uyavuma ubuncinane malunga ngexesha elifanayo ekuqaleni ekhubekisayo, rhoqo ingene kwizivumelwano hlukanisa yikuphi "abathengisi."

Kulo mzekelo, icala yomkhosi kubo kufuneka bahlawule irhafu: kwiimeko ezininzi, namagosa zangaphambili tsarist baba dyondzisaka kwaye baqeqeshwe kakuhle kwi amaqhinga. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukususela phakathi eninzi rose kweenjengele smart ebomvu, yokuba bawushiyile iingcali zangaphambili yedwa. Umkhosi kwakhona "monarchists" ngokuya kufana gang enye enkulu ngempumelelo predictably eliphantsi edabini nxamnye iikhompawundi yomgama. Ziziphi ezinye izizathu ngokoyiswa intshukumo White kwi War Civil?

isiyaluyalu lombutho

Ke ukuba lo mbutho bomphambili ekhaya, ngoko konke kwakukubi kakhulu (nangona, enkulu kakhulu ngakumbi). Enye kuphela Denikin ababeyiqwebile efanayo ukusuka Amanyeneyo ngowe-1919, 74 itanki, iinqwelo ubuncinane 148, amakhulu izithuthi, iitrektara elinesibini eziliqela, malunga namakhulu amahlanu amaqhosha zokudubula, kuquka iisampuli enzima, amawaka afohlela nemipu machine, izigidi kwemijikelo emthethweni kubo .... Ewe, nokuba kanobomi yomkhosi yobukumkani, qa emingxunyeni ze leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ukuba liphupha nje! Ngoko ke zintoni izizathu ngokoyiswa na intshukumo White, xa iteknoloji ubunzima emfono wayenokuyaphula ngaphambili nakweyiphi na indawo?

bonke baphambukile phi?

isabelo yengonyama zonke afohlela ezilungileyo okanye ebiweyo kwaye wathengisa ... bonke ubunzima efanayo ebomvu okanye abafileyo ahlala ziyimfihlo yakhe kwi- izitora ezikude, kwaye amandulo maxa wambi bafumana phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-40 sele emkhosini yiSoviet ngexesha kophicotho. Ngoko ke izizathu ngokoyiswa intshukumo White - nobusela banal, nokunganaki, kwaye wobu-.

Howitzers ngama izibalo zamvanje bakwazile "bulala 'nje ezimbalwa kwiiveki. Kamva, bamabutho eSoviet bakhumbula ukuba ezimhlophe kwenye umpu yemini wathabatha rounds akukho ngaphezulu kwama-20 ngenxa "yokuswela yengqeqesho 'ngokupheleleyo eziphathekayo.

ulwabiwo ozenzekelayo kwemithombo

Kodwa Ezomva eqinileyo emhlophe yaba "yagcwala isonka French": eninzi imali kudlala kwi uboya kunye nezacholo abathandi, iibhola ngokuhlwa kunye umgidi. Kwaye oku ngexesha xa imikhosi asafumana ukoyiswa lithemba yi Reds?

Ngaphezu koko, namhlanje umntu ngokufuthi ifundwe iinoveli malunga "igosa white abafunde kakhulu" kwaye malunga "red nasemiqhokrweni". Mhlawumbi ngelo xesha elithile njalo ... Loo nto nje Colonel Katomin, eyeke kwi "Belyakov," ngobuninzi ngokukrakra wathi kwamagosa kunxila kunye namajoni. "Le ebomvu akunakwenzeka ... Naliphi na igosa upivshegosya wadubula, umoya bachasayo liphezulu kakhulu," - yiloo nto wathi noogxa bakhe elitsha. Kuba ukuba phantse ebethwe ngexesha yokusebenza. Apha ke, izizathu ngokoyiswa intshukumo White. Ngamafutshane, le ukudideka kunye angohlwaywa iyonke.

Kwaye yiloo nto singasathethi ke iindawo "ukubandakanya abangaziwayo," babevakalelwa ngayo uphathwe monarchical ngokukhululekileyo kakhulu. Abaphangi kunye bamkelwe, "uwile kude 'yinxalenye kwabo abahlaseli kunye band eluhlaza - ukujongana nabo ke kungekho mntu, nokuba ukwenza akukho mntu wayefuna. Ngenxa yoko, emva ibolile, ngaphambili yaye walawula zibheke ngokupheleleyo. Akukho namnye kungekho linoxanduva nantoni na, ukuze izizathu ngokoyiswa intshukumo White kwimfazwe yamakhaya zibonakala lula ...

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ngakumbi Useto zokhathalelo lwempilo. manani ezichanekileyo kubungakanani yokuphulukana zempilo azifumaneki, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba White yanika medical aid elimele ... umgangatho embi. Xa memoirs bakhe kunye namaxwebhu mpepha nazo ngokuphindaphindiweyo izikhombisi kwi ngubhubhane yesifo abaninzi, ukungabikho epheleleyo yonyango abaqhelekileyo kwi imikhosi exhobileyo, ukungakwazi lokuhlela esibhedlele ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi eziqhelekileyo nkqu ngasemva.

emibonweni

Ekukholelwa ukuba monarchists "ilila" wamkhumbula "Russia oko kulahlekileyo" yaye wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze ukubuyisela ezasebukhosini. Nazi nje oko akunjalo. Ewe, kwakukho abelungu monarchist azinikele, kodwa imbali ukhumbula isuntswana enjalo. Ngeendlela ezininzi, izizathu uloyiso ngayo Reds kunye ekubulaleni intshukumo bubuxoki eMhlophe ukudideka kwaye kwakungekho, nkqu kwinqanaba eceleni. "Belyaki" babengamele nye malunga izicwangciso ngokutsha kwemfazwe kweli lizwe, singasathethi "ukukhangela" uze ucacise into "kubavoti 'zakhe yaye akafuni nabani. Kwaye oku ngexesha xa Reds wadala iziko of commissars, ngempumelelo tell nemibono yayo.

"Ndathi - Kwenziwe!"

Kwaye musa ukucinga Chatters elula ebomvu; Kaloku, ukuba wabeka usukelo, ngoko bafuna kuye. Benza oku ngokubonisa impumelelo bobuqili nkqubo yalo. Monarchists kwakhona kuphinda impazamo "balabolov" Kerensky kunye noRhulumente yayo lwethutyana: izithembiso ngqiqweni, ideology luzizi, ukunqongophala lothunyelo i "kubavoti" - umgca izizathu ngokoyiswa intshukumo White, umgquba efanele incasa yakho ngokwabo.

Nangona uLenin wathetha misebenzi yakhe ningenakumbi ummiselo apho wathembisa isonka abasebenzi nomhlaba ukuba abalimi, namagosa zangaphambili tsarist kunye namagosa bakhuphisana wit, ngalo msebenzi elandelayo mthetho elizayo. Nantso into izizathu ngokoyiswa intshukumo White.