Impendulo echanekileyo kumbuzo othi "Kutheni iPetersburg ebizwa kanjalo?"

Ekugqibeleni, umbuzo othi "Kutheni iSt. Petersburg kuthiwa ngoko?" - izandi, ubuncinane, ezingaqhelekanga. Isixeko esingasungulwa nguPetros I, esingathiwa "iNtshona", singabizwa ngokuthi? Ukugqithisa uqeqesho eYurophu, eyayisele ibe yindlela yophuhliso lwentsebenziswano, ukumkani omkhulu akazange akhothame phambi kwayo, kodwa wayefuna ukudlulisela zonke iimpumelelo kwilizwe laseRashiya.

Iimpendulo zesintu

Kutheni iSt. Petersburg ebizwa kanjalo? Ngenxa yokuba iminyaka engama-22 - ukususela ngomhla wokusekwa kwesitena sokuqala sikaPetros noPaul Fortress kwaye de kube ngumhla wokufa kwakhe - uPetros ndiye wahlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwiparadesi yakhe, "iparadesi" yakhe, isixeko samaphupha akhe. Ngaphambi kokuba inqaba ibekwe iintsuku ezintathu, ngokuthatha inxaxheba yedwa, umakhi waseDutch kunye namajoni amaninzi, ukususela ngoMeyi 12 ukuya ku-15, "i-Peter's Lodge", iindawo zasebukhosini zasehlobo, yakhiwa.

Kutheni iSt. Petersburg ebizwa kanjalo? Ngenxa yenkxaso yesinyithi yalomntu kwimimandla yamanzi enxweme, kwiindleko zobomi bezigidi zabantu, isixeko siyimfuneko ngokusemthethweni eRussia - "isango elitsha" lwakhiwa. Ngenxa yokuba ibhuloho yokuqala phezu komkhono we-Neva yayakhiwa nguPetros waza wabizwa ngegama lakhe, i-passenger yokuqala-yard yaqaliswa nguye, umzila wokuqala wokuhweba apho yena ngokwakhe wayeseyena umqhubi, ehamba naye "endlwini" yakhe, eyayimisa.

Ngako oko kuthiwa yiSt. Petersburg? Abantu abafundayo kwizikolo zaseSoviet abasakhumbuza izibongo malunga neNapoleon engenalulindela iindawo zokugodla zaseMoscow ezinezitshixo ezisuka eKremlin, kwaye ingcinga yokuba umntu akakwazi ukuba ngubani kunye nemigca enganikezelwa kuyo: "... kuya kuba nesixeko esibekwe ... "Isangqa kukuba kwakhona i-Intanethi inikeza ithuba lokwenza uhambo lwezinyathelo ngeenyawo kwiindawo zembali.

Iphutha lazo zonke iingcamango zaseSoviet

Inyaniso kukuba akusiyo isiko kwi-USSR ukugxininisa ukubaluleka kwenkolo ebomini beRashiya yangaphambili. Akunakuze kube nombono wokuthi ukulungiswa kweLeningrad, "isixeko sobuqaqawuli bodumo," sasingenakuzinikezelwa kumpostile, akazange akhangele ukuba kutheni iSt. Petersburg. Kwaye kwavunyelwa kuphela ukuba yayisungulwe nguPetros. Ngenxa yoko imibuzo ephakamileyo ebusheni, engaziqhelanga nentsingiselo yayo yonke into yokuqamba kabusha. Ngokukodwa ukususela ekubeni loo mzi waqala ukukhulelwa njengendawo ephakamileyo yezemfundo, apho ngokukhawuleza kwangoko kufana necawa kunye neetempile, amaziko emfundo awakhiwe kwaye ootitshala abangcono kakhulu baseYurophu basayina imali enkulu. Kwaye konke oku kwenziwa phantsi kolawulo lomntu. Umbuzo unokuvela njani, Kutheni iSt. Petersburg ebizwa kanjalo? Impendulo iphezu komhlaba: kuba uPetros wakha, ngamanye amaxesha nangesandla sakhe, ukuphakamisa umoya wabakhi, oqhutywa kwilizwe lonke.

Imeko yokwenyaniso yezinto

Enye into kukuba igama lomuzi linikwe ngumguquleli omkhulu, ukunikela umntwana wakhe kumpostile uPetros, umzalwana omdala kaAndreya obizwa ngokuba ngu-First-Called, umphathi wabalobi kunye nabanxweme. Ngubani, ukuba engenguye, umfundi kaYesu othandekayo, unokuzinikezelwa kwinqaba eyakhiwe kwindawo yokufika eLwandle lwaseBaltic, ngakumbi ukususela kuba umpostile wayengumlindeli wokumkani. Ngaloo ndlela, "isixeko saseSt. Peter" sakhiwe kwaye sakhiwa. Yingakho iSt. Petersburg ibizwa ngokuba negama. Kalula oku kwamkelekile kwindlebe yabaguquleli beYurophu abathengisi begama lesiRashiya. Eyakhelwe njenge "window eYurophu", isixeko kwakuza kuba yinto enqwenelekayo yorhwebo, eyenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwamashishini aseYurophu, okwakungenakho ukufikelela kumaziko angasentla.

Imfuneko yembali yesixeko

Ngo-Oktobha 1702, inqaba yaseSweden yaseNotenburgh yathatyathwa, kwaye ngoMeyi 1 waloo nyaka unqabeni yaseNienstantz yehlile - kwavuleka indlela eya eBaltic Sea . Kodwa iMfazwe yaseMntla, okanye iMinyaka Engamashumi amabini, eyaqala ngo-1700, yahlala kwada kwa-1721. I-Russia yenzeke kwicala lolawulo lwamazwe alwa ne-hegemony yaseSweden. Vula indlela eya kumazwe aseMntla Yurophu -nto encinci, kwakudingeka ukuba uzuze kwiindawo zaseBaltic.

UPeter noPaul Fort Fort, okwakhiwa kwiSiqithi sase Hare, ekuhlanganisweni kweengalo ezimbini ezinkulu ze-Neva, wakhulelwa njengenjongo yeqhinga. Isixeko, esakhiwa ngeenxa zonke, savakaliswa njengesixeko esisentla nasenkcubeko yaseRashiya. Imbali yehlabathi iyayazi imbalwa imimandla xa umbusi kwiindawo ezithatyathwe kwixesha elifutshane kangaka wakha idolophu enhle kangaka, apho onke amatye kunye nomoya zibizwa ngegama lomlawuli omkhulu waseRashiya. Yinyaniso yokuba umnqweno onyakantla unikezelwa kwaye ubizwa ngokuba ngumzuzwana wompostile oyingcwele, kodwa xa umbuzo ubonakala ngesizathu sokuba umzi wasePetersburg unikwe igama, ingcinga yokuqala efika engqondweni ixhomekeke kuphela ngomfanekiso kaPeter omkhulu.