Yamandulo Greece: le ntsomi kunye neentsomi kumjikelo isikhupheli seTrojan. Isikhupheli seTrojan intsomi Umjikelo isishwankathelo, iziza nabalinganiswa

Kwiintsomi zamaGrike, iintsomi umjikelo isikhupheli seTrojan uphethe indawo ekhethekileyo. Ihlabathi yanamhlanje uyazi ngezi mabali ngenxa ikakhulu ibonwe Homer esithi "I-Iliad." Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba kwi intsomi yalo inkcubeko bamandulo ezazikho iingxelo malunga kaTrojan War. Njengoko esifanele intsomi, eli bali yaba inani elikhulu loonobumba eziphathelele unqulo oothixo.

imithombo

Iziganeko kaTrojan kweMfazwe , Abembi bezinto zakudala zibhekisela BC ngenkulungwane XII. Phambi kokuba isixeko samandulo yafunyanwa ngama uhambo waseJamani ka Genriha Shlimana, waba naye kuthathwa njenge lamandulo. Abaphandi befuna wathembela nje kuphela kwi "Iliad," kodwa "eSipro". Le yingqokelela etha kuphela Troy, kodwa unobangela nangoko imfazwe.

apile yokuhlukana

Kumtshato ka Peleus kunye Thetis abemi Olympus wadibana. Sibize wonke umntu ngaphandle Eris. Yaba isithixokazi isiphithiphithi, enembambano. Wayengafuni izithuko ezinjalo waluphosa phezu kwetafile leeholide -apile egolide, nto leyo ikhule ehlathini Oophunguphungu Hesperides.

Kwi isithelo ilayibhuli ecacileyo "amahle kakhulu." Iintsomi zomjikelo isikhupheli seTrojan athi kuba yaqala ingxabano phakathi oothixokazi ezintathu - Aphrodite, Athena noHero. Kungenxa yale iyelenqe esisigxina sisaci "apile isihlava" ngeelwimi ezininzi zehlabathi.

Zeus yothixokazi bamcela ukuba avumele ukungaboni ngasonye wabiza amahle kakhulu. Noko ke, akazange abe nobuganga alingekhankanywa igama kuba wayefuna ukuba bathi lo Aphrodite, ngoxa Athena intombi yakhe, yaye kaGera - nomfazi wakhe. Ngenxa yoko, uZeyus wacela ukwenza Paris ukhetho. Yaba unyana umlawuli Troy, Priam. Wanyula Aphrodite ngokuba Wathembisa uthando mfazi athandayo kuye.

ngokukhohlisa Paris

Sanikwa charm Paris weza Sparta, apho iindwendwe kwibhotwe lokumkani. Waloyisa uHelen - umfazi kaKumkani Menelaus, ngelo xesha wakhonza eKrete. Paris sahamba intombazana ekhayeni lakhe, kwangaxeshanye ngokuthatha igolide kanondyebo yasekuhlaleni. Iintsomi zomjikelo isikhupheli seTrojan etha into ngobuqhophololo united amaGrike, abaye bagqiba ekubeni zenze imfazwe kwi uTroy.

Xa umkhosi amaGrike ukuba amadoda amaninzi kaHomer. Intloko yomkhosi Agamemnon ingqalelo. Kwaye kukho apho ngokwakhe, Menelaus, Achilles, Odysseus, Philoctetes, Nestor, Palamedes, njl Abaninzi kubo amaqhawe - .. Oko kukuthi, abantwana woothixo kunye ofayo. Umzekelo, oku kwaba Achilles. Yena kroti ogqibeleleyo, ngaphandle kuneengxaki. kuphela ingongoma yakhe ababuthathaka isithende. Isizathu soku kukuba unina - Thetis - wayephatha usana yi umlenze, xa bewuhlisele oko ezikweni yothixo Hephaestus, ukuba anike umntwana amandla angaphezu. Ngenxa yoko baya ibinzana elithi "Achilles isithende", okuthetha ndawo abasengozini kuphela.

iminyaka emininzi zokungqinga

Zonke empini amaGrike malunga enye ikhulu lamawaka amadoda eziliwaka iinqanawa. Baphuma ngolwandle ukusuka Boeotia. Emva kokwehla ngempumelelo kwanamaGrike wahambisa Trojans iintetho uxolo. imeko yabo ezinika uHelen. Noko ke, abahlali uTroy bayala eso sikhundla.

umphathi wabo omkhulu kucingwe Hector - unyana Priam kunye nomntakwabo Paris. Abekuhambisa umkhosi ngamaxesha ezimbini ngaphantsi kunolo Achaeans. Kodwa ecaleni kwakhe iindonga enamandla ukuba akukho mntu iye yakwazi ukuthatha okanye atshabalalise. Ngoko ke, akukho nto iseleyo ukuba amaGrike, kodwa ukuze uqalise zokungqinga elide. Ngelo xesha, Achilles nenxalenye amajoni bawuphanga izixeko Asian ezikufutshane. Kodwa uTroy akazange anikezele, kwaye kanye kudlule ngaphandle japan ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni, yaye kuvalwe iminyaka elithoba. Ntombi Ania Enotrofy wanceda amaGrike ukufumana ukutya kwilizwe lasemzini. Baphendula ilizwe okuziinkozo, ioli newayini, ukuba ukholelwa ukuba uxelele iintsomi yamandulo eGrisi. Umjikelo Trojan isixelela encinane malunga zokungqinga ixesha elide. Umzekelo, uHomer Iliad uzinika yokugqibela, 41 ngosuku lwakhe th yemfazwe.

Apollo nesiqalekiso

umkhosi Greek Kuye wathabatha amabanjwa awayesebenza ngaphandle kwe uTroy. Ngenxa yoko, weza ekuthinjweni intombi Rhys - omnye wababingeleli-Apolo. Weza wekampu yotshaba, umcele ukuba abuyele intombazana. Ukuphendula, wafumana ukugculelwa ngqwabalala kunye ukwaliwa. Emva koko ke umbingeleli kubuza ukuthwala intiyo Apollo ukuziphindezela fair for yempambano. UThixo wathumela umkhosi yokufa, eyaqala ukuba ingca joni omnye emva komnye.

I Trojans, ndakuqonda le lutshaba ilishwa ngaphandle komzi, balungisa ukulwa impi elibuthathaka. Ngalo mzuzu wokugqibela le oonozakuzaku macala omabini bayavuma ukuba ungquzulwano kufuneka zisingathwe-bexesha elizeleyo ezimbini zokucwangcisa, phakathi Menelaus kunye Paris, ogama isenzo waza waba netyala imfazwe. Isikhupheli seTrojan prince woyiswa, emva koko kuvunyelwene ukuba ekugqibeleni sizaliseke.

Noko ke, isigqibo, elinye ijoni bayingqinga wadubula utolo enkampini Greek. Ubethwe up idabi yokuqala evulekileyo phantsi iindonga zesixeko. Ngesi siganeko ngokweenkcukacha etha ngeentsomi kunye neentsomi of Greece yamandulo. Umjikelo isikhupheli seTrojan kuquka ukufa amaqhawe ezininzi. Umzekelo, Agenor (unyana omkhulu ka Troy) babulala Elephenor (ukumkani Evbii).

Ngosuku lokuqala idabi kwakhokelela ekubeni amaGrike siqhutywaqhutywa ukuya iintente zawo. Ebusuku, bamngqonga umsele salungiselela ukuziphendulela. Omabini la macala azinikeleyo umhlaba abafileyo babo. Impi yaqhubeka kwezi ntsuku zilandelayo, yintoni uxelela umjikelo intsomi isikhupheli seTrojan. Ushwankathe- ke: efakwe phantsi kweliso Hector ilawula kutshabalalisa amasango yesiGrike kweminquba, ngelixa inxalenye kwanamaGrike Odysseus uya kuphanda. abahlaseli Kungekudala wankqonkqoza ngaphandle kweminquba, kodwa Achaeans ilahleko kunjalo.

ukufa kaPatroclus

Lonke eli xesha, Achilles akazange athathe inxaxheba iimfazwe yokuba ingxabano kunye Agamemnon. Wahlala phezu enqanaweni kunye ne qabane lakho kaPatroclus. Xa Trojans baqalisa ukuba aqhumisele inkundla, lo mfana bacenga Achilles ukuba ndimvumele ahambe aye kulwa notshaba. KaPatroclus waze izixhobo kunye izihlangu zabanyathela ngezihlangu ekungxoleni kaHomer. Trojans, ukuthatha kuye Achilles ethukile ekuqaleni ukubaleka, buyela kuwo umzi. Abaninzi kubo bawa likrele ezandleni hero yesiGrike satellite. Kodwa Hector ayenziwanga buthathaka moya. Ukubiza phezu uthixo Apollo, wabulala kaPatroclus wasisusa ikrele lakhe Achilles. Amaqhawe umjikelo isikhupheli seTrojan yeentsomi wayethandaza uphuhliso sebali kwicala elahlukileyo.

Return of Achilles

Ukufa kaPatroclus yaba ngumothuko ukuya Achilles. Wayezisola ukuba lonke eli xesha kwicala edabini, yaye ibalelane Agamemnon. Hero wagqiba ukuziphindezelela ukuba ukufa Trojans umhlobo osenyongweni. Kule mpi abakwa wafumana Hector waza wambulala. Isidumbu Achilles utshaba Bayifaka imoto yakhe saya izihlandlo ezithathu malunga uTroy. Lusizi Priam wambongoza amathambo, unyana wakhe, ukuba abe yintlawulelo enkulu. Achilles wanika umzimba endaweni igolide, lingana ubunzima bayo. On le ntengo uxelela mjikelo intsomi isikhupheli seTrojan. Ngesakhiwo ephambili usoloko enxulumene kwi imibhalo yamandulo ngoncedo izafobe.

Iindaba yokufa Hector usolule ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke ihlabathi lamandulo. Ukuze kuncedwe Trojans weza iqhawe Amazons namabutho Ethiopia. Paris, uphindezela umzalwana wakhe, wadubula Achilles esithendeni, aze ke wasweleka kungekudala emva koko. Isikhupheli seTrojan ngokwalo njengoko indlalifa wafa emva kokuba ngoncwino longxwelerhiweyo yi Philoctetes. UHelen waye nomfazi womzalwana wakhe Deiphobus. Iintsomi zomjikelo isikhupheli seTrojan uchaze ngenkcukacha malunga ezi ziganeko.

horse Trojan

Omabini la macala ukubulawa okukhulu. Ke amaGrike, ndibona ngamampunge nemizamo yakhe wasithimba isixeko, wagqiba ukusebenzisa wengcibi yokuluka ke lowo. Bakha ihashe enkulu ngamaplanga. Eli nani ibiholoholo ngaphakathi. Kukho wafihla amajoni-zihlanjiwe of Greece, nto leyo ngoku ikhokelwa yi Odysseus. Ngelo xesha, inani esisiseko imikhosi yamaGrike washiya enkampini kunye iinqanawa ngomkhombe e nonxweme.

Trojans Zimangele waphuma ngaphandle kwesixeko. Bahlangana yi Sinon, benza isaziso ukuba ukuze lokungxengxeza oothixo, kufuneka ubeke inani nehashe kwi square central. Oku kwenziwa. Night Sinon wakhulula amaGrike ezifihlakeleyo ababulala unogada wavula emasangweni. Esi sixeko yadilizwa iziseko zawo, yaye emva koko akazange akwazi ukufumana kwakhona. AmaGrike wabuyela ekhaya. Ukubuya uhambo Odysseus yaba isiseko sebali kaHomer kaThixo "Odyssey" lo mbongo.