UMikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly: engobomi emfutshane, imihla kunye neziganeko yobomi bakhe iqhosha

De kube ngoku, kukho ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga ndawo ngqo kunye nexesha ngokuzalwa Mihaila Barklaya de Tolly. Oku kungenxa yokunqongophala kwemithombo, echaphazela kwixesha yokuqala ngobomi noyinkokheli emkhosini.

imvelaphi

Ngokutsho ngobomi esemthethweni, ebonakala kwiincwadi ezininzi kunye neencwadi reference, uMikhail Bogdanovich azalwe ngoDisemba 16, 1761. Kwathi a Manor Pamushise encinane Lithuanian. Le ndawo babephuma Duchy of Courland, leyo podvassalnym ngokunxulumene the Commonwealth. Ngowe-1795, lo mmandla Lithuania, kunye kwilifa baba yingxenye Russia, ngokutsho ulwahlulo yesithathu Poland.

Kodwa elide ngaphambi koko, uyise wamthabatha umntwana ngayo ukukhulisa abantwana eSt Petersburg. Barclay de Tolly, uhlanga yayo ezinokuchazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, sasivela uNorman-German. izinyanya zakhe bafudukela Riga waseJamani. Uyisemkhulu uMichael wedolophu kulo mzi. Uyise abalungiselelayo umphathi elizayo yomkhosi Russian, kwaye umhlala kunye elikwisikhundla uLieutenant waza wafumana iwonga izikhulu. Usapho yegama lo mfana waba phezu indlela waseJamani - Michael Andersen.

Ukuqala umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni

Barclay de Tolly, uhlanga nto leyo eyabangela ukuba siphila kwikomkhulu Russian, wafumana imfundo esemagqabini yaye esazi iilwimi ezininzi zaseYurophu. Ukususela ebuntwaneni waba nomdla theory emkhosini. Akumangalisi oku, ngenxa yokuba umntwana ukhulele endlwini kayisekazi - Colonel Novotroitsk cuirassier butho.

Ngowe-1776, webutho, wathabatha Pskov Carabinier kumanani abafundi abatsha. Phakathi kwabo kwaba Tolly oselula kunye Barclay de. biography emfutshane lithi ukuba ukukhuthazwa career mfana uye inkqubela ngokukhawuleza. Kwimeko Finland Jaeger umthetheli entsha baba lomlawuli jikelele Viktora Amadeya Anhalt-Bernburgskogo. Yaba isalamane ezikude uKumkanikazi uCatherine II.

Ngowe-1787 kwafika imfazwe elandelayo kunye Ottoman, apho yazinyaswa yi Barclay de Tolly. biography emfutshane ngaye kuye kwaquka ulwazi malunga uhlaselo Ochakov, apho igosa ndafumana idabi lokwenene lukhuni. Ngokuba nenxaxheba kulo M. B. Barklay de Tolly ke bawongwa iimedali yayo yokuqala.

Ngowe ka1789, uMajor wathabatha inxaxheba kusiliwa eshushu baseTurkey. Ngelo xesha linye i-Prince of Anhalt-Bernubrgskogo kunye ukuhlangula ngokuthi sakhe yadluliselwa umkhosi Finland. Oku sele walwa balwa (imfazwe ka 1788-1790.). Kwenye zokubethwa Victor Amadeus ukuba ngoncwino longxwelerhiweyo, kulandele M. B. Barklay de Tolly watshintshelwa kwikomkhulu.

Emva koko, ngo Ngo1791, igosa watshata umzala wakhe uHelen. Xa intsapho babo abantwana eziliqela, kodwa mnye kuphela nyana akazange afe ebuntwaneni (Ernst).

WeNkonzo phantsi Alexander I

Barclay de Tolly, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane osixelela zokunqumla emininzi, waqhubeka ekhonza ngokuthembeka umkhosi Russian. Kwiminyaka 90 kwenkulungwane ye-18, yena inxaxheba kule kwezithandani le mvukelo Polish ikhokelwa yi Kosciuszko. Ekupheleni kobukumkani noPawulos, waba General Major.

Ngeli xesha waqalisa Napoleonic Wars. I koMlawuli oselula Alexander I wathabatha enye manyano anti-French. Campaign 1805 wafumana uMikhail Bogdanovich Army Gen. Leonty Bennigsen. Le ukubunjwa akukhange ixesha ukophula le iindawo eziphambili Austerlitz Kutuzov. Ngoko ke, uMikhail Barclay de Tolly wabuyela eRashiya, yaye ungaliboni elihlazo yimikhosi eManyeneyo.

Ukungaphumeleli akazange ukwaphula umnqweno Alexander zokoyisa uNapoleon. emva nje konyaka waqala War of the Coalition wesine, xa Prussia wahlasela eFransi, kodwa ekugqibeleni yawa eBerlin. Inxalenye Russian inzuzo baya yiJamani.

NgoFebruwari 1807, Barclay de Tolly wathabatha inxaxheba Idabi Eylau. Yena, kunye Bagration wakhokela amajoni akhusela umkhosi yomkhosi Russian, apho drop impembelelo amabutho Soult kunye Murat. UMikhail Bogdanovich Ngamanxeba Umlenze wasekunene, waza ke waya ukuba unyango Memel.

Apha ku-Epreli kunyaka omnye, wayedibana Alexander I, ngelo xesha ezama ukuthambisa ukoyiswa ongunozakuzaku uNapoleon. Igosa yaphakanyiswa kuqala umlawuli ukuba usebenzise i-nkqubo elibharhileyo emhlabeni. Xa utshaba inqunyulwe uphathwe yalo amalungiselelo kunye nezibonelelo. Kulo mzekelo, utshaba kwafuneka ukuba usebenzise kummandla lwezibonelelo ziphangwe engeva. Njengoko kanti kwixesha elizayo, kuba eli qhinga wanika isiphumo kwiMfazwe Patriotic ka-1812.

Impi Finnish

Ngokutsho iSivumelwano Tilsit, Russia, France wahlula Yurophu yaba yekhasi impembelelo. Oku wavumela Alexander ukuthumela umkhosi eFinland ukuze uyikhethe evela eSweden. Barclay de Tolly, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane kuquka amaphulo amaninzi sele ziye zithunyelwe kwi-Kupio. Bawuthabatha ke umzimba wakhe umzi kwaye baqhuba indawo ebalulekileyo nangona nokuhlaselwa eziliqela yotshaba.

Emva koko, eli gosa umzimba wakhe WASSC phezu sikumkhenkce Strait of quarks waza wathabatha ukuzikhusela Swedish Umea. Oku kungqinwe kuloyiso ekugqibeleni Russia.

Ngenxa yempumelelo yayo, Barclay de Tolly waba ngowokuqala iRhuluneli-General of Finland, kwaye emva kokuba umphathiswa imfazwe. Inzuzo yakhe rapid bangathanda elinomona, ngubani akubona kuphela Upstart imbangi. Ingakumbi ukuba uMikayeli sasivela German ongazange kwityala lakhe kwixesha elizayo.

War of 1812

Xa uNapoleon yahlasela eRashiya ngowe-1812, uMikhail Bogdanovich wayalela First Western Army. Kwafuneka ukuba siphumele, ukuba utshaba kwelo lizwe, apho wayeza kuba buthathaka ndize ndinqumle kwilizwe lawo. ESmolensk, yena Washumayela kunye nomkhosi Bagration, ngubani kungekudala waqalisa yokummangalela Barclay de Tolly yokusilela akhokele umkhosi.

Ngenxa yoko, umyalelo ngokubanzi sisisiwa Mihailu Kutuzovu. I-Battle of Igosa Borodino wakhokela imikhosi ekunene-iphiko. Xa bayahlelwa elikomkhulu, Barclay de Tolly phakathi kwabo bavotela bani ukuhamba eMoscow.

Xa kukho ingxaki, kunye nomkhosi Russian waya counter-ukuhlasela, umphathi wafumana ikhefu, kubandakanywa ngenxa yokuba kwi Winter Palace, abaninzi oogxa bakhe ngokungekho bagxeka "isiJamani".

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Emva World War Barclay de Tolly wathabatha inxaxheba kumaphulo amazwe. Wayekade iimfazwe ezininzi, kuquka kwi "Idabi of Nations 'kufuphi Leipzig. Kuba impumelelo kunye nenkonzo othembekileyo waba Bala kunye Field Marshal.

Ngowe-1818, iqhawe lethu ibali usenokucelwa ukuba asishiye amanzi izimbiwa waseJamani ukuba abaphilise. Ke mna andinalo ixesha ukuya usukelo, wafa kwindlela eya East Prussia, 14 (26) ka May. Field Marshal wangcwatyelwa iimbeko ngokupheleleyo, nothuthu bakhe esingekangcwatywa kwi kwilifa wentsapho aseBalti. Lesikhumbuzo ukuze Barclay de Tolly yokuqala ukuvela kwangethuba 1823. Ngokuncama mhlolokazi yakhe elimiswe yamangcwaba, leyo baphanga ngexesha Second World War.