Moscow Grand Princess Sophia Palaeologus kunye nendima yayo kwimbali

Lo mfazi wothulelw izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo karhulumente. Yintoni ephawuleka kangaka Sofya Paleolog? iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nayo, kwakunye ingcaciso engabo buqu eqokelelwa kweli nqaku.

Nikela Cardinal

EMoscow ngoFebruwari 1469 kwafika ngunozakuzaku Cardinal Vissarion. Wanika incwadi Grand Duke nesiphakamiso atshate Sofia, intombi ka-Theodore I, despot Morea. Phela, kule ncwadi, yaye wathi Sofiya Paleolog (igama lokwenyani - uZoe, kwagqitywa ekubeni indawo Orthodox izizathu bozakuzo) sele sithsaba wala amasoka ezimbini ukuya woo kuye. Yaba iNkosana Milan kunye nokumkani French. Isibakala sokuba Nozipho wayengafuni ukutshata yamaKatolika.

Sofia Palaeologus (Kakade ke, ifoto yakhe, zange ayifumane, kodwa eni zichaziwe kweli nqaku), ngokungqinelana nezimvo belo xesha elikude, kwakungasekho abatsha. Noko ke, yena nangoku nomtsalane kakhulu. Into ayicingayo, amehlo amahle kakhulu, kwakunye matte isikhumba athambileyo kucingwe eRashiya uphawu impilo entle. Ngaphandle inqaku nomtshakazi ezahlukeneyo kunye nengqondo elibukhali.

Ngubani na Sofia Fominichna Paleologos?

Nozipho Fominichna - nomtshana Constantine XI Palaeologus, umlawuli wokugqibela waseByzantium. Ukususela ngo 1472 yena nguye umfazi Ivan III. uyise Foma Paleolog, owayebaleke nosapho lwakhe eRoma ngowe-1453, emva kokuba Turks oyisa eConstantinople. Sofya Paleolog wahlala emveni kokufa kukayise uphantsi kwenkathalo Pope omkhulu. Ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, wayefuna ukutshata naye Ivan III, ongumhlolokazi ngo-1467. Wathi ewe.

Sofia Palaeologus wazala unyana 1479, owathi kamva waba Vasily III Ivanovich. Ngaphezu koko, uye wenza ad Basil Grand Duke, indawo leyo ukuthatha nguDmitry, umzukulwana ka-Ivan III, ebekwe tsar. Ivan Iii watshata Nozipho kusetyenziselwa ukomeleza neRashiya kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele.

Icon "Makabongwe ezulwini" nomfanekiso Michael III

Sofia Palaeologus, Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa Moscow, bazisa imifanekiso ezininzi Orthodox. Kukholelwa ukuba omnye wabo, yaye icon "Makabongwe Izulu", umfanekiso engaqhelekanga nguMama kaThixo. Yena waba yesicelo i-zingelosi Cathedral. Noko ke, ngokutsho kwenye ngokwesithethe, lo oyidingayo wafuduselwa ukusuka eConstantinople ukuya ESmolensk, yaye xa yokugqibela ahlasela Lithuania, lo icon wasikelelwa ukutshata Sofyu Vitovtovnu, inkosazana xa watshata nguVasili Mna, nguMthetheli eMoscow. Le umfanekiso ngoku yecawa, kukuba uluhlu lwe icon yamandulo, wenza ngokomyalelo ngenkulungwane ye-17 ekupheleni Fedor Alekseevich (eliboniswe ngezantsi). Muscovites ngokwemveli wazisa oyile yesibane amanzi kule icon. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba bazala zinezinto eziphilisayo, ngenxa yokuba lo mfanekiso zinamandla okunyanga. Le icon ngoku omnye kakhulu iziqu kwilizwe lethu.

In Enkulu Cathedral emva kumtshato Ivan III wabonakala umfanekiso Michael III, uMlawuli yaseByzantium, ngubani ngunozala a Palaeologus ubukhosi. Ngenxa yoko, ababesithi eMoscow na ekuziseni uBukhosi baseByzantium, kwaye abalawuli Russia - kwiindlalifa abalawuli Byzantine.

Ukuzalwa indlalifa ekudala elindelwe

Emva Sofiya Paleolog, umfazi wesibini ka-Ivan III, wayetshatile kuye ngombono Cathedral, waza waba ngumfazi wakhe, waqalisa ukucinga ngendlela ukufumana impembelelo kwaye wenze ukumkanikazi ngokwenene. Palaeologus waqonda ukuba oku kunika isipho kwisikhulu, ngubani akunakuwenza wedwa: ukunika kuzala unyana, ngubani na oya kuba yindlalifa. Ngelishwa Sophia, intombi engengowamazibulo, ngubani wafa nje emva kokuzalwa. Emva konyaka le ntwazana azalwe ngokutsha, ngesiquphe waza wafa. wadanduluka Sofia Palaeologus, wathandaza kuThixo ukuba indlalifa yakhe, sasisasaza esutywe amalizo amahlwempu, kunikelwe ezindlwini. Emva kwexesha elithile, uMama kaThixo wayiva imithandazo yakhe - Sofia Palaeologus kwakhona wamitha.

ngobomi bayo ekugqibeleni iphawulwe isiganeko elide lulindelwe. Oku kwenzeka ngoMatshi 25, 1479 ngo-8 ebusuku, njengoko kuchaziwe kwelinye yemicimbi yemihla eMoscow. NgoNyana. Kwathiwa igama Vasiliem Pariyskim. Inkwenkwe wabhaptizwa Vasiyan, Rostov ubhishophu, Sergiev monastery.

Eyaxabanisa noNozipho

Sophie wakwazi ukubethelela into ubethandwa wayo, kwaye yaye aqondwe eMoscow. Yena kuziswa amasiko kunye nezithethe inkundla yaseByzantium, ikratshi imvelaphi yayo, kunye nonxunguphalo ngenxa yokuba kwakufuneka atshate isebe Mongol-nangezinto. Ngenkankulu Sophie wazithanda elula imeko e Moscow, ngokunjalo ubudlelwane inkululeko ezazikho ngexesha lentendelezo. Ivan Iii ngokwakhe kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuphulaphula intetho yokuhlambalaza evela izinduna recalcitrant. Noko ke, kule eyinkunzi ngaphandle, abaninzi ungafuna ukutshintsha indlela kwakudala engqinelanayo nezibonelelo Muscovite kakumkani. Kwaye umfazi Ivan III kunye namaGrike, wayizisa, nokuba ngubani wabona ongumRoma, aseByzantium ubomi, ingaba ukunika isikhokelo Russian axabisekileyo ngayo eesampuli nendlela ukuphumeza zonke iinguqu ezinqwenelekayo.

nomthelela Sofia

Ngumfazi Prince singenako ukuyiphika impembelelo ebomini kweqonga yenkundla kunye nokusingqongileyo yayo zokuhombisa. Yena ngobuchule kwakha ulwalamano lobuqu, akazange ukulawula ku oliqhophololo kwinkundla egqibeleleyo. Noko ke, Paleologos ezopolitiko akwazi ukuphendula kuphela amacebiso ekho iingcinga engacacanga ofihlakeleyo Ivan III. Ingakumbi kwacaca ingcinga yokuba umtshato wakhe Princess yenza balwamkele abalawuli Muscovite le abalawuli yaseByzantium nomdla baseMpuma Orthodox, ukubambelela elidlulileyo. Ngoko ke, Sofyu Paleolog kwikomkhulu karhulumente Russian ezixabisa kakhulu njengoko okweqanda yaseByzantium, kodwa hayi eMoscow Princess abakhulu. It luqondwa yena. Njengoko Princess uSophia wayekuthanda ilungelo lokwamkela akwamanye amazwe eMoscow. Ngoko ke, umtshato Ivan yakhe yaba uhlobo umboniso kwezopolitiko. Ehlabathini lonke, kwachazwa ukuba yindlalifa izindlu yaseByzantium, bewe nje ngaphambili, amalungelo azimeleyo wasiwa kuye eMoscow, elisuke laba eConstantinople entsha. Apha, uyavumelana la malungelo kunye neqabane lakho.

Yesicelo ngokutsha, ngokubhukuqwa ukubola idyokhwe

Ivan waziva isikhundla sakhe esitsha kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele, wafumana owayesakuba yesicelo imeko embi kwaye imxinwa. Ukusuka Italy, elandelwa inkosazana, ukukhutshwa kwakhe wizard. Zakhiwa kwisayithi wekwayala oqingqiweyo ka amaninzi kwiGumbi, kwingcinga Cathedral (Vasiliya Blazhennogo), kunye ibhotwe ngamatye entsha. I yesicelo ngeli xesha baqalisa umoya entendelezweni kukho imibhiyozo engqongqo nezintsonkothileyo, iingxelo zobomi eMoscow nakratshi ukuqina. Kanye kwibhotwe lakhe, uIvan Iii waqalisa ukuthetha, kunye nonxibelelwano lwangaphandle iqinelwa oqatha ngakumbi. Ingakumbi xa idyokhwe Tatar ngaphandle umlo, ngathi simenze wahamba ngawethu ngokwayo, eyayiwe ethabathela emagxeni akhe. Kwaye gravitated phantse amabini eminyaka phezu kwayo yonke kumntla-mpuma Rus '(ukususela 1238 ukuya kunyaka 1480). Le ulwimi olutsha engcwele ngakumbi, kubonakala ngeli xesha ngokhuselo karhulumente, ingakumbi ozakuzo. Omnye ufumana isigama uhlaza.

Indima Nozipho kwabanjalo ekubhukuqekeni i ukubola idyokhwe

Palaeologus eMoscow akazange ayithande kuba impembelelo ebangelwa phezu Grand Duke, kwakunye utshintsho kubomi Moscow - 'uqhushululu enkulu "(kumazwi Boyar Bersen-Beklemisheva). Nozipho ukungenelela nje kuphela ekhaya kodwa kwimicimbi amazwe. Yena undiyalele ukuba Ivan Iii wala ukuhlawula irhafu ukuya loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene Khan yaye ekugqibeleni likhululekile amandla akhe. Palaeologus icebiso abanezakhono, njengoko kuboniswa IVOTI Klyuchevskii, evela kumacala onke iinjongo umyeni wakhe. Ngoko wala ukuhlawula irhafu. Ivan Iii nesitampu ileta Khan ukuba Zamoskovreche kwi Ordynsky eyadini. yakhiwa emva kule ndawo yoTshintsho Church. Noko ke, abantu, koko "ndihlanjwe" kwi Palaeologus. Ngaphambi Ivan Iii wakhululwa ngowe-1480 ukuya mkhulu emi phezu Ugra, wathumela umfazi Beloozero kunye nabantwana. Ebudeni ukuba izifundo bathi injongo kaKesare ukunika igunya kwimeko eMoscow wayeza Khan Akhmat, zikubaleke kunye nomfazi wakhe.

"Duma" kunye notshintsho ukuphathwa abangaphantsi

Ivan III, kunqumka idyokhwe, ukuze bazive lokumkani yokugqibela geqe. Iinzame palace yokuziphatha Nozipho waqalisa ukuba zifane baseByzantium. Inkulu wenza umfazi wakhe "isipho" yi Ivan III Palaeologus bavunyelwe ukuba babuthe kumalungu neqembu yakhe "Duma" kwaye ubambe phakathi kwabo "namatheko ozakuzo." Princess ifumana izigidimi amazwe yaye zinomongo wathetha kubo. Yaba ezintsha ibonwe iRashiya. Isibheno enkundleni soMhlekazi zatshintsha.

Sofia Palaeologus umkakhe bazisa amalungelo nokumkani kunye nelungelo kwetrone yaseByzantium, njengoko kuqatshelwe yi F. Uspensky, umbhali-mbali oye wafunda eli xesha. Izinduna kwafuneka Babengabalelani nayo. Ivan Iii wasithanda ukubambana izichaso, kodwa Sofia yena ngokupheleleyo utshintshe unyango wenkundla yabo. Ivan waqala ukuqhuba engenakuphikiswa, wanoburhalarhume lula, ihlazo ababekwenza, ufuna ukuhlonelwa okhethekileyo kuye. Zonke ezi amashwa udaba kwakhona kuthiwa impembelelo Sofi Paleolog.

Umzabalazo ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi

Yena wabekwa icala nokunyhashwa ngokulandelelana. Iintshaba ngo-1497 ulixelele benganga Sofia Palaeologus iceba ukubonakalisa umzukulwana wakhe ukuba abeke, unyana wakhe phezu kwetrone ukuba utyelelo lwakhe balungiselela ngokufihlakeleyo igqwirha umxube esinetyhefu into ephathelele eli yelenqe kunye Basil ngokwakhe. Ivan Iii kulo mba wathabatha icala nomzukulwana wakhe. Wayalelwa ukuba kutshona le Moscow River uligqwirha, kokubanjwa Vasily kunye nomfazi wakhe, zisuswe kuye, bembuza uphumeza amalungu eKhabhinethi "Duma" Palaeologus. Ngowe-1498, Ivan III isithsaba Kwingcingane Cathedral of nguDmitry njengoko yindlalifa.

Noko ke, Nozipho waba ubuchule egazini ukuba enkundleni oliqhophololo. Wandidla ukuzibophelela Elenu Voloshanku ukuba qhekeko liye lakwazi ukuba uyibeke. Grand Duke wabeka ihlazo nomzukulwana wakhe intombi, wayithiya Basil ngo-1500 ukuba indlalifa kwisihlalo sobukhosi.

Sofya Paleolog: indima kwimbali

Umtshato Sofi Paleolog kunye Ivan III, Kakade ke, waqinisa umbuso Muscovite. Yena negalelo inguqu wakhe eRoma yesiThathu. Sofia Palaeologus waphila iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 eRashiya, akuba wazala abantwana-12 ukuya kumyeni wakhe. Noko ke, akazange ukuphatha ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo kwilizwe langaphandle, imithetho kunye namasiko alo. Nkqu yemihla esemthethweni kumkhawulela irekhodi ekugxekweni nokuziphatha kwayo kwezinye iimeko, kunzima kweli lizwe.

Sofia watsala bezakhiwo Russian eyinkunzi kunye nezinye amagcisa, kwakunye oogqirha. Ukudalwa bezakhiwo Italian ayizange ngaphantsi eMoscow yi bobukhulu ubuhle iingqukuva Europe. Oku kube negalelo ekomelezeni iwonga likaRhulumente Moscow, wagxininisa ukuqhubekeka eyinkunzi Russian iRome Second.

ukufa Sofia

Nozipho wafa eMoscow ngoAgasti 7, 1503 It wangcwatywa ukwenyuka Monastery of the Moscow yesicelo. NgoDisemba 1994, ngokunxulumene nokudlulisela ku-zingelosi Cathedral kwamathambo bokumkani kunye nabafazi neenkosana 'SA Nikitin walondoloza ukakayi Sofia wabuyela umfanekiso wakhe oqingqiweyo (ingasentla). Ngoku singakwazi nokuba malunga lengqondo wayefana Sofya Paleolog. izibakala umdla amanqaku buqu ngaye baninzi. Siye sazama ukuba ukhethe eyona nto ibalulekileyo, olubalelwa kweli nqaku.