Umhla ngqo ePalamente IsiNgesi

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, phantse zonke lizwe ipalamente yaso, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze amazwi iimfuno elime yoluntu. Le nkqubo yenye yokuqala ukuvela ephakathi eNgilani.

Umzabalazo yookumkani kunye izinduna

Ngenkulungwane XIII, ubukumkani siqithi rhoqo ubunzima ngenxa yeemfazwe yoluntu ungquzulwano. Esinye isizathu sokuba ukudideka yaba umzabalazo phakathi ukumkani kunye neklasi feudal. Zizigwili neenkosi sifuna ukwandisa impembelelo yayo kurhulumente ukuba athathe inxaxheba elawula lizwe.

Kwanaxa ukumkani John (walawula 1199-1216 GG.), Ngowe-1215, kwakukho kuMagna Carta. Olu xwebhu zabuya kunye inxaxheba zizigwili ababefuna ukufumana amalungelo amatsha asemthethweni nokukhusela amalungelo abo. Umhla iPalamente yaseBritani ngokusondeleyo ezinxulumene ne lo Mqulu, kwaba kuphela "ngumqondiso wokuqala" kwinkqubo elide zokuqinisa karhulumente yenkqubo feudal.

Henry III

Nyana kaYohane, uHenry III, wathabatha kwetrone 1216 kwangethuba nje ebuntwaneni. Ngokuba kuye imithetho lebhunga Regency. Ndandikhula, uHenry waqalisa ukukhokela inkqubo engqongqo ejolise ekomelezeni umbuso. Zizigwili kunye nezinye iinkosi, baqhele ngokomyalelo izinto, liqulathwe Carta, baba ungonwabi kakhulu kunye yokuziphatha kumkani.

Ukongeza, uHenry III wayengqongwe bolunye uhlanga, kuquka isiFrentshi, nto leyo ayizukunyamezelwa eLondon. Oku kuziphatha kukhokelele ukugxagxiseka ubudlelwane phakathi kwakhe izidwangube zakhe. Le elingabalamli kuphela kule impi kuba Pope - nguyise ngokomoya onke amaKristu. Kunye zizigwili akhe intsebenziswano uHenry wathembisa ukuba uya kuwuthobela imiqathango kuMagna uyise waza wavuma ukuba ukuseka epalamente, apho wahlala khona abameli basebukhosini. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1258 isivumelwano kugqityiwe Oxford.

Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, oko kwenzeka imfundo iPalamente yaseBritani. Umhla isiganeko kwifomu ebhaliweyo ukuba wenza kwamathandabuzo, kodwa ke ukumkani wathembisa ukuba umzimba ummeli kuya kubakho kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa kungekudala kakhulu Pope akhululwa savela izithembiso. UHenry kwakufuneka imali ukuze alwe imfazwe nxamnye eFransi Wales. Ngoko ke waqalisa ukuphakamisa irhafu, aphule izithembiso zawo kwenziwa ngokungqinelana Magna.

kwango baronial

Ngowe-1263, le zizigwili ezibe abanganelisekanga izigqibo bokumkani, wathi imfazwe. Eli qela likhokelwa Simon De Montfort. Emva kokuba Battle of Lewes, uHenry III kunye nonyana wakhe Edward wayithimba. basebukhosini Ukuphumelela ngo 1265 kubiza umzimba ummeli. Leyo umhla iPalamente yaseBritani. Iintlanganiso zaye zabanjwa kwi Palace of Westminster.

Umhla iPalamente yaseBritani yabalasela yinto yokuba umzimba omtsha ummeli kwahlanganisana amalungu ezahlukeneyo yeeklasi, hayi kuphela abefundisi ephakamileyo amaqhawe kodwa abemi ezidolophini. icandelo namasekela kunye kumgaqo indawo. Xa umhla kokuvela iPalamente yaseBritani e Westminster Palace waya abameli zonke izixeko elizweni. Ngelo xesha London kunye namazibuko ezintlanu ngaphezulu kubalulekile ukuba abameli ezine. Ezinye izixeko wathumela ngabantu ababini. Le nkqubo eyamkelwe kwinkulungwane XIII, waye intsholongwane le mihla House of Commons.

Ukuvela wePalamente

Ngamandla kaSimon De Montfort wafika kweli lizwe. lowo umntu owenza imibulelo ukuba ukuvela iPalamente yaseBritani. Umhla kwalo mcimbi ungqamene ixesha ukwandisa impembelelo yayo sikarhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, entwasahlobo ka-1265 indlalifa Edward ubalekile ekuthinjweni. Wahlanganisa ngeenxa zonke impi onyanisekileyo, ngalo wazama ukuba aphinde itrone yakhe, uHenry III. Ngenxa yoko, ekuqaleni ukuvela iPalamente yaseBritani wafumana ngokwayo komthunzi entsha imfazwe yamakhaya.

August 4 e Idabi Evesham zizigwili abaziinjubaqa boyiswa, sibulawe uSimon De Montfort. Ukuze amandla kwakhona, uHenry III. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ukuvela iPalamente yaseBritani sele ziphelile, kwaye mlawuli sele ugqibe ekubeni angakuniki eli gunya. Ngelo xesha ukumkani kunye nonyana wakhe, akazange ukumela isoyikiso ukuya yaka.

iPalamente intsingiselo

Ukuvela iPalamente yaseBritani (umhla - 1265) adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali eNgilani. Ngoku abahlali izixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zathunyelwa ikomkhulu abameli babo, nenokuthi kwazisa ngqo igunya elongamileyo iingxaki zabantu abaqhelekileyo. Ngoko, kwi UK wonke ummi uyazi, xa kwavela iPalamente yaseBritani. Umhla kwalo mcimbi lubhiyozelwa qho ngonyaka kweli lizwe.

Ngowe-1295, iPalamente waqalisa ukulungiselela imithetho ezintsha, abangancedekanga zatshintsha unanamhla. Ke kaloku, kwaye kukho kwa kwiNdlu abameli ababekulo nganye. Umhla iPalamente yaseBritani (kunyaka 1265-th), waba ngomnye wabo imihla apho uluntu unako ukufikelela ukuqondwa kwamalungelo umbuso ephakamileyo.

imisebenzi yePalamente

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yale ntlanganiso ukumisela irhafu. Ukongezelela, amalungu ayo ukuba uthumele isicelo egameni lokumkani. Konke oku kwenzeka kuphela emva kwezi ziganeko eziye zenzeka (kwisicatshulwa ngaphambili umhla iPalamente yaseBritani iye elikhankanyiweyo) exhasiweyo. Imbali yale yeziko esisityebi kunene. Amasekela ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwaduma ukunganeliseki ababethethela ngamandla.

Ukususela ngenkulungwane XV, IPalamente ifumene ilungelo ukuba sibeke imithetho, nayo leyo kwafuneka ukuvuma ukumkani. Impefumlelwano la masebe mabini karhulumente kuvunyelwa ukuba bazifumane intsalela umdla, ngenxa yokuba namhlanje kwi UK kukho enye neenkqubo zobupolitika iyizinzise ehlabathini. Kungenxa ePalamente, uhlobo olutsha mthetho - eyilwayo. Baye yabhalwa amasekela abo ilungelelanise izilangazelelo elime ngayo oluntu IsiNgesi.