General Karl Wolff: engobomi, imbali, imihla nemicimbi ephambili

Karl Wolf - SS jikelele ngubani ndizuze udumo eSoviet Union, ubukhulu becala ngenxa umbhali Yulianu Semenovu kunye inoveli yakhe "Seventeen Moments of Spring", apho eponymous part-12 TV movie, wakhululwa ngomhla izikrini kweli lizwe senziwe 1973. Noko ke, kwaba kuphela-screen umlinganiswa, kwaye ngobomi wokwenene Volfa Karla, imihla kunye neziganeko ezenzeka ebomini bakhe engundoqo, ziza kuchazwa kamva kweli nqaku.

ekuqaleni wendlela

Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff wazalwa ngo May 13 1900 e Darmstadt (German Empire) kwindawo nomcebisi iintsapho imicimbi yomthetho. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-17 ubudala, wazicelela ukuba bangayi empini. Ekupheleni yeHlabathi Okokuqala, yena sele belifumene elikwinqanaba sombutho kunye amabhaso ezifana Iron Cross I neeklasi II.

Wolff kwafuneka ukuzama ngokwakhe kubomi kuthuthwa - it yayiliziko lorhwebo kunye zebhanki. Loo uluhlu lwemisebenzi ayidalwanga ngenxa ithuba: oku kube negalelo elikhulu emtshatweni wakhe intombi enye mveliso ezinkulu isiJamani - imvelaphi Renthelda, lwenzeka ngo-1923. Kungekudala wavula inkampani yakhe, inxaxheba kurhwebo kunye advocacy.

career

Njengokuba uninzi lwabantu yamajoni Empire yangaphambili waseJamani, uKarl Wolff waba phakathi amaNazi. I-SS kunye NSDAP wangena kunokuba kade - ngo-1931. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha ubomi elifutshane wakwazi ukufumana igama njengoko elizolileyo, umntu bazithembe yaye ephumayo lowo uthandwayo kakhulu aliliso ohloniphekileyo. Ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba 1933, wamiselwa mkhosi ka Genriha Gimmlera, i Reichsfuehrer SS.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba imicimbi zomkhosi Volf Karl ngokukodwa awukenzi. isikolo yakhe imfazwe ngokwayo. Enyanisweni, wathabatha ngaphezu zebhanki, yaye ngokukodwa, intlawulo ye-SS. Kuye kube lula ukwenza kanye njengoko waba amaqhina olusondeleyo kunye noluntu loshishino lwe eJamani. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, waba umqalisi engundoqo nokudalwa ekuthiwa-abahlobo SS imagi. Lo mbutho iquka njengomlawuli kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo, yaye abemi abaqhelekileyo inkxaso nje imigaqo-nkqubo lwamaNazi, kodwa ukunceda ngezimali. Wolf nayo yathatha inxaxheba ekudalweni yeesimboli SS, iphuhliswe ngokwesiseko nobugqi leTeutonic.

link

Ukususela ngo-1936, esondelene kunye mcebisi ka Himmler uba uKarl Wolf. Yaba nguye lowo iminyaka eliqela kuthwalelwa phandle unxibelelwano phakathi umqeshi wakhe Hitler. Himmler babeyithanda gqitha ngomsebenzi wakhe ingqalelo nomhlobo wakhe osenyongweni. Oku kungqinwa yinto yokuba Wolff bahamba naye phantse kuyo yonke indawo i uhambo eziliqela, iintlanganiso kunye nkqu ngethuba bekutyelelo "okufa."

Ngowe-1943, ulwalamano lwabo zimbi noko. Unobangela ingxabano yabo komtshato kunye kwakhona lomtshato-Wolf. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, kaHitler intembelo kuye nangoku nanto. Ekwindla ka-1943 Wolf wafumana ukuqeshwa entsha, waya eItali. Apha uba uMlawuli ephakamileyo amapolisa kunye SS, yaye kwiinyanga ezimbini kamva - umcebisi kurhulumente zwilakhe ka Benito uMussolini.

ukuqala uthethathethwano

Ebona kokuwa kukuba Wesithathu, , kunye Himmler Schellenberg wagqiba ukuseka ukunxibelelana nee-arhente intelligence US. Kwaye kwakhona indima kwebhulorho limi lonke efanayo bazama wabalinga Wolff. Ekwazile ukuseka umfowunelwa omfunayo yi nguPopu Pius XII. Ekuqaleni kuka Matshi 1945 Wolf wadibana e Ascona, Switzerland kunye neqela baseMerika, elikhokelwa Allen Dulles, apho kuxoxwa emuva Wezomkhosi German kwi Apennines.

Ngenxa yokuba Washington kunye eMoscow ngelo xesha babehlangene, Matshi 12 baseMerika wagqiba ukwazisa eSoviet Government of the thethwano EU. Ukufunda le, Stalin ifuna inxaxheba kuzo nabameli bakhe, kodwa wala. Kamva, unozakuzaku US eSoviet Union Harriman wakucacisa oku sigqibo ngokuthi eUnited States Owaloyikayo ngokuwa iintetho ngenxa yeemeko akwamkelekanga ukuba kungenza ukuba abameli USSR.

Isigaba sokugcina

Ngelo xesha, amarhe okuba uKarl Wolff liqhuba iingxoxo kunye baseMerika, wafika Bormann, wazama ukuba ukusebenzisa eli khadi inqala in game nxamnye Genriha Gimmlera, owathi, kunye Schellenberg yabe ikwanjalo kwi ngomzuzu wokugqibela ukugcina inkqubo thethwano.

Ngexesha ingxoxo baseMerika njani amathandabuzo malunga namagunya neNgcuka, kwakunye nobuchule SS ukuba alungiselele isiganeko enkulu efana Yenzani le imikhosi yaseJamani imi kummandla yobuFasi Italy ukushiya. Oku kwenza kwaba ngenxa yokuba iiyunithi zesiJamani kwi ngexesha umthetho yi Field Marshal A. Kesselring.

ukuba uzinikele

Ukuze angasusa amathandabuzo kutshanje eMerika, Wolff kwafuneka ukunika iimaphu ezintsha babehlangene amajoni amaNazi e-Italy. Kwixa elizayo, ezi maxwebhu yanceda i-US ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso ilungileyo kuhlaselwa kwelo lizwe.

Ekupheleni kuka-Aprili 1945, xa Allied ekhubekisayo noloyiso eItali, Wolf ekugqibeleni wavuka onke amagunya afunekayo ukuze bagqibe isgqibo elide ilindelwe. Aprili 29, yena uHeinrich von Vietinghoff osayina yonke imiqathango emuva amajoni amaNazi kwi Apennines.

Le ngobomi post-imfazwe

UKarl Wolff, echasene ingqiqo, emva kokuba ukuthula lwamaNazi Germany kunye nomsebenzi wayo amabutho eManyeneyo akazange azifihle, kodwa ngokuchasene noko, wayethembe ukuba uxolo, kwaye nabanye mbuyekezo njengabaphumeleleyo. Kwanasebudeni thethwano ezenzeka eSwitzerland, wenza kwacaca ukuba emva kokuwa Hitler ulindele ukufumana kwisithuba urhulumente German omtsha wezasekhaya umfundisi. Kodwa, ngokwahlukileyo koko bekulindelekile bakhe, wabanjwa abaseMelika ngo-1946 kwaye enetyala eJamani.

Esi sivakalisi wambetha iminyaka emine kwiinkampu zomsebenzi. Karl Wolff yakhululwa ngo-1949. Nangona isibakala sokuba ngexesha lokuvalelwa kwakhe, walahlekelwa phantse yonke into ekuqalekeni 1950, izinto zakhe kakuhle-ntle sele ifikelele umgangatho oko kwiminyaka yakhe engcono.

ukubanjwa yesibini

Richard Breitman, umbhali-mbali kwiYunivesithi Harvard, wathi ngokuthatha inxaxheba ezingxoxweni, lwenzeka ekupheleni kwemfazwe, kwakunye isicelo lobuqu Allen Dulles, ubomi Wolff akafanga. Kungenjalo, a jikelele owayesakuba ngamaNazi, njengokuba mthetho imfazwe, kwakuza kufuneka zimiselwe ukuze baphile esemkhumbini kwi eNuremberg, ecaleni umphathi wakhe yangaphambili Kaltenbrunner. Zonke ke ngenxa ukuba Amanyeneyo kwafuneka zonke izizathu.

Kutheni baseMelika babengenzanga ngokunjalo? Kodwa, inyaniso kukuba kule meko neNgcuka wayenokuthi kakhulu uguqulelo eyahlukileyo ngokuphathelele indlela anikezele eItali, kunye thethwano, nto leyo iya kwahluka kakhulu kwigosa, bemelwe yi Allen Dulles. Ukongeza, nesokuvuma jikelele yangaphambili kunokwenzeka esilimaza isidima American Ofisi Iinkonzo zeQhinga, ngokusekelwe apho CIA wadalwa, kwaye zibangela umonakalo noqhekeko kwi lonke Allied womanyano.

Lo mbono kubonakala ukuba bokwenyaniso ngoko nangoko emva yokurhoxa Dulles, owenzeka ngo 1961 ngenxa behluleke ukuba ahlasele baseMelika Cuba, uKarl Wolff wabanjwa kwakhona. Ngeli xesha, abasemagunyeni waseJamani bayibeke phambili kuye isigxina ngokunceda ukuvuna kwanokupheliswa abangaphezu kwama-300 lamawaka. Abantu. Apha ke umbuzo le ukugxothwa amaYuda Polish kwiinkampu zoxinaniso, ekufuphi kwilali Treblinka. Wolf, njengoko kulindelwe, Kakade ke, wakhanyela nayiphi na inxaxheba Ngenkohlakalo, becaphula ukulibala yayo.

Kwiminyaka embalwa yathatha zimvo kule meko. Ekugqibeleni, isigwebo sisisiwa ezantsi ngoSeptemba 1964: Iminyaka eli-15 entolongweni. Noko ke, Jikelele kaHitler owayesakuba Karl Wolff wakhululwa kakhulu ngaphambili - ngo-1971. Isizathu sokuba lokukhutshwa kwangethuba - ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Wafa embindini ka Julayi 1984 kwisixeko Rosenheim (eBavaria, eJamani).