impucuko Egyptian yenye omdala. Yaba amaYiputa aye akha enye Seven Wonders of the World - iiphiramidi waseYiputa. Izazinzulu akanako ukuyiqonda indlela kunokwenzeka ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo omkhulu onjalo ngobuchule sakhiwo ezifikelelekayo.
Valley of the iiphiramidi
All in Egypt wafumana izakhiwo ezingaphezulu kwe-100, kodwa ke eyona idumileyo afumaneka kufuphi Cairo, e Giza entilini. Kukho izaziso ezintathu ubudala: Cheops, Khafre kunye Menkaure. Kwakhona, i lengcwaba enkulu yinxalenye entsonkothileyo ye SPHINX kunye imyuziyam ibekwe ngaphakathi yamandulo kunye emkhombeni. iiphiramidi zaseYiputa, nokuba bangakanani na, eziphuma mkhulu kwimbali kunye nexabiso yenkcubeko. Inzala kubo asicimi namhlanje.
Menkaure
UFaro Mycerinus (iminyaka 2532-2503 BC), kwakunye nawuphi na umlawuli ngelo xesha, ukuba ziyaluthundeza ulawulo ukwakha ingcwaba lakhe. iphiramidi yakhe owayethozamile parameters, njengoko kuthelekiswa bonke, ebekwe kwi Giza Plateau. Yayisekelwe kwi inxalenye yomzantsi leqela le Giza, ukuqhela namangcwaba KHUFU kunye Khafre. Ingcwaba Mikerina na imilo yephiramidi rhoqo. Izingqiniso ixesha bathi eli iphiramidi yaba ihewu intle, nangona ubukhulu bayo. Bendawo bayibiza "Heru", nto leyo Arabic lithetha "phezulu". Iphiramidi of Menkaure, njengokuba kubhaliwe kuthiwa, -Update of iiphiramidi enkulu. Kamva, ukuphakama wabo umgangatho yaye akazange ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-20. Ingcwaba ingqongwe izakhiwo zikamasipala kutshatyalaliswa kunye mini-iiphiramidi ezintathu. Yezizathu e iiphiramidi ezincinane bangcwatyelwa umfazi kaFaro. Kunzima ukufumana phandle ukukhangela ngqo indlela Menkaure, njengoko kwinkulungwane XVI, oko kwaba kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlaselwa phezu Mamluks laseYiputa. iingcali intshabalalo ubuso bakholelwa khawuleza ngexesha lokwakha wetempile, kwaye ukusetyenziswa xa kusakhiwa Adobe Enye imbangela.
Parameters engcwabeni Menkaure
Umgama ukuya ekufutshane zepiramidi engcwabeni Hefrena kweemitha 200. Liphuma kweemitha 62 kwaye ubude icala elinye kweemitha 109. Menkaure enemilo yephiramidi rhoqo. Ekuqaleni 66 eemitha eziphakamileyo, kodwa ixesha kunye entlango wathabatha inani labo. Ngoko ke ngenxa yokuba lo iphiramidi eso ngokungaphelelanga ikhuselwe isanti yokhukuliseko siyakhuselwa ubude macala kunye inxalenye ingaphakathi engaphandle emazantsi. Njengoko wayezelwe ngalo iphiramidi designer kufuneka ibe sisiseko lobungakanani 60x60 eemitha. Nangona kunjalo, ukwandisa kakhulu kwingingqi kwisiseko, kwagqitywa ekubeni kamva. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa amava angaphambili ekwakhiweni iiphiramidi lalisetyenziswa. Ngokungafaniyo noogxa, Mikerina iphiramidi linesiseko masimu ngumntu iibhloko yilimestone. Ngokuqhelekileyo, Noko ke, ingcwaba wamiswa qho onamatye yendalo.
Yangaphandle khazi kakhulu zabelwe Menkaure phakathi kwabanye. Kwaye kwenziwa ezi ntlobo impahla:
- inxalenye ephantsi igcwele lenyengane elibomvu;
- phakathi lwelimestone kusetyenziswa Tours;
- Zazihonjiswe ngaphezulu lenyengane elibomvu.
Ngaphakathi engcwabeni Menkaure
zobukhulu gumbi lokungcwaba kwakhona bahambelana ubungakanani kunye iphiramidi nemadlana. Iparameters: iimitha 6,5h2,35 kunye nobude amathathu kunye iimitha enesiqingatha. Eluphahleni igumbi eziphambili abunjwe njenge poluarki kwaye ubunjwe iibhloko ezibekwe ngecala, oko kudala inkohliso of Arch. igranite olukhazimlisiweyo sasetyenziswa ngakwimida iindonga angaphakathi yamangcwaba. Njengoko aseMyanmar iindonga kwipaseji kunye ingcwaba yokuqala.
Kwelo gumbi kunye neempahla emva kokufa ngezinyuko. Iphiramidi yokuqala ihlolwe ngo-1837 yi hambo of British Colonel Howard phele. Xa kwesidumbu yafunyanwa abangelwe sarcophagus enesiciko somthi, namathambo. Le sarcophagus wathunyelwa ukufunda eLondon. Nangona kunjalo, le nqanawa ezibanjiswa nakwiinkqwithela yazika. Kwebhokisi benziwa umzimba womntu, abembi ibangelwa ngexesha lamaKristu okuqala. Yingqokelela ebanzi eqingqiweyo bufunyenwe ngethuba bemba. Avuleke zexabiso ezibe ukubonisa kwi-Central Museum of eCairo kunye Boston Museum of Art.
Ngomhla wobuchule abayili kunye block olunye ibekwe ngaphakathi iphiramidi, leyo angu 200 utsho. Le block okunzima monolithic, esiziswe ke kwintili koFaro. Kwakhona kwindawo engundoqo ye ibandla kwafunyanwa umfanekiso oqingqiweyo enkulu kakumkani.