Lo mhlaba resistivity njengempahla okanye isinyithi

Kagesi metal conductive ebizwa ithuba lokuba acande ngokwayo ityala ngoku. Ngenxa yoko, i-uxhathiso kuthiwa omnye iimpawu eziphathekayo. I elikhulu luvukelo yombane kwindawo ombane, into ezincane amandla yangoku. It ephawula amandla reaction ngqo ecaleni umqhubi unalo kwisindululo electron icala. Ekubeni zokuhambisa umbane kwipropati - ke lwamacala ukuxhathisa, wavakalisa ifomula njengoko athetha ngayo iza kuba umlinganiselo 1 / R.

Resistivity kusoloko kuxhomekeke umgangatho umbandela esetyenziswa xa kusenziwa izixhobo. Oku kulinganiswa, ukuqala i parameters umqhubi kokuba ubude kwimitha 1, kwakunye necandelo indawo umnqamlezo 1 square nawethu. Umzekelo, impahla ukumelana ethile ubhedu usoloko ilingana 0,0175 Ohm ze-aluminiyam - 0,029 nesinyithi - 0,135, constantan - 0.48, nichrome - 1-1.1. Le resistivity yenziwe ngentsimbi lilingana nenani 2 * 10-7 Ohm • m

Kulwa yangoku umlinganiselo ngqo ubude umqhubi apho sihamba. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa ubude device, kungona uxhathiso. Kwakheka ulwalamano kuba lula ukuba ngqondweni isibini ezimbini wentelekelelo nobeempahla ezihambelanayo. Enye iperi izixhobo izihlanganisi ityhubhu let kuhlala ezingcakacileyo, enye - loo ubukhulu. Xa ezaliswe ngamanzi ngayo iipere ezimbini sicatshulwa fluid kwi iimpahla ukunxibelelana kwi ityhubhu shinyi ifunyenwe kakhulu ngokukhawuleza, kuba oko kuya kuba lula ukuba amanzi ugeleza. Ukuze lo mfanekiso ku kagesi, kulula ukuba sidlule umqhubi zamafu ngaphezu embiweyo.

Resistivity nakwicandelo SI, ilinganiswa yi Ohm • m. Conductivity kuxhomekeke komndilili moya simahla amasuntswana icala, nto leyo luphawulwa isakhiwo eziphathekayo. Isinyithi ngaphandle ubumdaka, apho eyona echanekileyo ngembonakalo yikristale emkhusaneni, kokuxabisekileyo zisezantsi yokunganyangeki. Kwelinye icala, ubumdaka bayasigqwetha emkhusaneni kunokuba ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo. Le resistivity lo wentsimbi ilahlwe kuluhlu elimxinwa lamaxabiso kwiqondo lobushushu eqhelekileyo: lwesilivere kunye micromhos 0,016 ukuya kwi-10 • m (aluminium zesinyithi-chromium-aluminiyam).

Ngomhla iimpawu isindululo of icala electron kwi umqhubi ichaphazela lobushushu kuba oko konyusa xa kwandisa awo le oscillations otshangatshangiswayo ion kunye atom ezikhoyo. Ngenxa yoko, electron uhlala isithuba ngaphantsi simahla ugeleza abaqhelekileyo kwi ngembonakalo yikristale ngekroba. Oku kuthetha ukuba xihinga ukunyuka intshukumo ngocwangco. Le resistivity nasiphi na abaqhubi ngokokunyuka ngokwesiqhelo linearly ngokwandayo lobushushu. Kuba semiconductors, phezu koko, ebonakala ngokunciphisa ezinamazinga ezandayo, kuba ngenxa yalo izityholo ezininzi bekhululwe, ukudala i ombane ngqo.

Inkqubo sokupholisa abanye abaqhubi metal eyaziwa kwiqondo lobushushu resistivity efunekayo awazise kurhulumente tsiba kwaye uwela zero. Loo zesiganeko ezafunyanwa-1911 waza wabizwa ngokuba esebenzayo.