Ukuqaliswa kwe emkhosini eRashiya: umhla, ngomnyaka, umqalisi

Alexander II yaziwa ngokuba iinguqulelo ezininzi ezachaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi kuluntu Russian. Ngowe-1874, egameni lokumkani yoMphathiswa War nguDmitry Milyutin zatshintsha inkqubo emkhosini ukungenela umkhosi Russian. Ifomati ukubuthwa ezinye utshintsho eyayikho eSoviet Union kwaye kuyaqhubeka namhlanje.

uguquko empini

Le esiyimbali ke ngoko abemi Russia ukuqaliswa emkhosini kwenzeka 1874. Kuye kwabanjwa kwi-sikhokelo iinguqu ezinkulu-isikali emkhosini, kwenziwa ngexesha loMlawuli Alexander II. Le ukumkani weza etroneni ngexesha xa eRashiya okuziintloni aphelelwe iCrimea War, eyehlela nguyise Nicholas I. Alexander kwafuneka ukuba ukugqiba isivumelwano soxolo disadvantageous.

Noko ke, imiphumo zokwenene ukusilela kwenye imfazwe Turkey wabonakala kwiminyaka nje embalwa. Ukumkani omtsha yagqiba ukuqonda izizathu fiasco. Baya kukugcina kuquka kwinkqubo lixesha kwaye okungafanelekanga wemvula yomkhosi.

Ububi ukuqasha inkqubo

Ngaphambi kokuba ukuqaliswa emkhosini eRashiya kwakukho emkhosini. It iveziwe yomthetho Peter I ngowe-1705. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule nkqubo kukuba inkonzo alibandakanyi abemi kuluntu abaye bakhetha abafana zithunyelwa umkhosi. Kulo mzekelo, ubomi inkonzo ubomi. AmaFilisti, abalimi karhulumente neengcibi kunyulwa abagqatswa zabo yi draw eyimfama. Esi sibonelelo kuMgaqo-mthetho ngo-1854.

Le benani aphantsi ngamakhoboka zabo, abalimi bakhetha ngokwabo, apho umkhosi ubomi baba ekhaya. Ukuqaliswa wenkonzo jikelele emkhosini, yasusa kwilizwe enye ingxaki. Yaba kukuba kwakungekho echazwe ngokusemthethweni yobudala emkhosini. Yena wathandabuza, kuxhomekeka mmandla. Ekupheleni kwale umjikelo ngenkulungwane XVIII lancipha engama-25, kodwa enje ixesha isakhelo a wakrazula abantu kwifama yabo ixesha elide kakhulu. Intsapho kusala ngaphandle umondli, yaye xa ebuya ekhaya, ukuba phantse ekhubazekile. Ngoko ke, akukho ukubalwa nje kuphela, kodwa kukho ingxaki kwezoqoqosho.

Isihlokomiso kuphuculo

Xa Alexander ebonga bonke ububi kwee-odolo ezikhoyo, wagqiba ekubeni owonithemba ukuqaliswa emkhosini ekhokelwa yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of War Dmitriyu Alekseevichu Milyutinu. Wayesebenza ngokusebenzisa umthetho omtsha iminyaka eliqela. Reform Development yaphela ngo-1873. January 1, 1874 kumagqibela ukuqaliswa emkhosini jikelele. Umhla kwalo mcimbi sele njengebhakana ukuba ababephila.

inkqubo ingqesho kwayekwa. Ngoku ikhwelo ngokuxhomekeke bonke abantu abaye bafikelela engama-21. Urhulumente ayenzi umnyinyiva iiklasi okanye ezintlwini. Ngoko ke, lo yohlaziyo sichaphazele ababekekileyo. Umqalisi ekuqalisweni wenkonzo jikelele emkhosini, Alexander II wagxininisa ukuba umkhosi omtsha kufuneka kube lungelo.

Imigomo yesevisi

Eyona thuba emkhosini ngoku akhawunti iminyaka 6 (kule Navy - kwiminyaka 7). Kwathiwa modified ixesha isakhelo kwi reserve. Ngoku wayelingana kwiminyaka 9 (kwi Navy - iminyaka emi-3). Ukongeza, ukuba zibe athathwe entsha. Kwiminyaka 40 wafumana loo madoda esele bakhonza liyi- stock. Ngoko ke, urhulumente ufumana, inkqubo ecacileyo amajoni wemvula selubala kunye ulawulo-based ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha. Ngoku, xa uqala ungquzulwano liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa, umkhosi nako Ungakhathazeki malunga yimisinga nezikhundla zabo kunye nemikhosi fresh.

Ukuba le ntsapho yibona kuphela, okanye unyana kuphela, wakhululwa kwimfanelo iye kukhonza. Kwakhona ukulibaziseka inkqubo bhetyebhetye kuye kwabonelelwa (umz, kwimeko-ntle eliphantsi t. D.). ixesha yenkonzo ekuvunyelwene, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo imfundo kwindawo ngokumenywa. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu iye yafunda kule yunivesithi, akaba nako ukuhlala umkhosi kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo kuphela.

Ukumiswa nokukhululwa

Ziziphi ezinye iimpawu yaba ukuqaliswa emkhosini eRashiya? Ukongeza, bekukho wabalibazisa amagosa abaye baba neengxaki zempilo. Ukuba imeko yakho, le ndoda ayizange unako ukukhonza konke konke akhululwa isibophelelo ukuya emkhosini. Ngaphandle kweli ngaphandle nabo zababingeleli. Abantu ababa imisebenzi ethile (koogqirha besilungu, abafundi Academy of Arts), ngoko nangoko kwimali egciniweyo ngaphandle okunene ahlale emkhosini.

Ticklish yaba emibuzo kazwelonke. Umzekelo, abameli bomthonyama Central Asia neCaucasus ngokubanzi ungamkhonzanga. Ngelo xesha lokuxhamla okunjalo 1874 iye yarhoxiswa ngenxa owayo kunye nezinye izizwe wasentla. Ngokuthe ngcembe, le nkqubo yatshintsha. Sele 1880, inkonzo baqala ukubiza abantu basemzini Tomsk, Tobolsk kunye Astrakhan amaphondo, kwakunye Turgay, Semipalatinsk kunye nemvelo iingingqi.

Baninzi of acquisition

Kukho nezinye izinto eziluyilo yaphawula ukusungulwa emkhosini jikelele. Unyaka guqula Dmitri Milutin yakhunjulwa emkhosini ukuba lilixa lokuba ngoku sele kuzilungiselela ngokungqinelana ne zixeliweyo zemimandla. Yonke ubukhosi Russian yahlulwa kwindawo ezintathu ezinkulu.

Eyokuqala kwezi yaba Russian Omkhulu. Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba kunjalo? Ukuze wazithwala intsimi leyo ahlala uninzi Russian ingundoqo (ngasentla 75%). Ashiyanayo counties zentsimbi. Loo nto ngamandla kwawo ngokwedemografi isigqibo apho iqela ukuthwala abantu. Inxalenye lesibini ilizwe apho iphinde Malorossy (Ukrainian) kunye Belarusians. Iqela lesithathu (inorodcheskih) - kuba zonke ezinye iindawo (ikakhulu Central Asia, neCaucasus, Far East).

Le nkqubo ezifunekayo nokufunyanwa imikhosi zokudubula kunye regiments elihamba. unit esiliqili ngasinye kwakhona abahlali isahlulo enye kuphela. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ukunqanda ingxabano phakathi zobuhlanga emkhosini.

Utshintsho kwe kwenkqubo yoqeqesho zomkhosi

Kubalulekile ukuba ngokutsha zomkhosi (ukuqaliswa emkhosini jikelele), kwaye mazihambe kunye nezinye izinto eziluyilo. Ngokukodwa, Alexander II wagqiba ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yemfundo kwigosa. Izikolo Military wahlala phezu odolo ithambo endala. Phantsi kweemeko ezintsha yesibheno jikelele, baba yinto engento yaye zibiza imali eninzi.

Ngoko ke, kula maziko baqalisa guqula kwayo. Yaba umbhexeshi oyintloko Grand Duke uMikhail Nikolayevich (umzalwana omncinane kakumkani). utshintsho olukhulu onokubonwa kuyo theses eziliqela. Okokuqala, imfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa emkhosini ekugqibeleni wahlukana jikelele. Okwesibini, ukuba ibe lula ukufikelela amadoda ezingezozakhe yezikhulu.

Amaziko amatsha emfundo zomkhosi

Ngo-1862, isikolo esitsha emkhosini eRashiya - kwizikolo eziziisekondari, ezibe isasetyenziswa ezithwala izikolo ngokwenene. onke amafa iimfaneleko zokwamkelwa kwabafundi kumaziko efanayo zaye ekugqibeleni bupheliswe kwenye iminyaka eli-14.

E St. Petersburg, i-Alexander waseka akhademi, leyo ezikhethekileyo ekuveliseni abasebenzi yomkhosi zomthetho. Ngo-1880, inani lezikolo zomkhosi kuyo yonke iRussia anda kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namanani ekuqaleni kobukumkani Tsar-uMkhululi. Zezifundiswa yasebenza 6, izikolo efanayo, umthambo-16, izikolo 16 Junkers kunye t. D.