UK. Ukuphela kwexesha yeVictorian nje ixesha ngokuchuma inkulu lizwe

Sunset wobukumkani of Queen Victoria luphawulwa uzinzo kunye yokuhlawula amatyala - iimpawu ezithi ngokukodwa into elizweni efana United Kingdom.

Isiphelo lolawulo yeVictorian. isishwankathelo

kwezopolitiko kunye nakubomi basekuhlaleni eNgilani kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX eyaziwa ngokuba lolawulo yeVictorian. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane iBritani yaba umdlali ubalulekileyo kwi kwezopolitiko kwihlabathi. Eli xesha luphawulwa ekomelezeni imeko lizwe, ulondolozo ukumkani komlawuli kunye nesikhundla ekhula lihlanganise zemali ukuba ezinye States ukunika United Kingdom.

Isiphelo ngexesha yeVictorian

Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa ukunyuka ngokubanzi kuqoqosho, phakathi kwezinye amagunya ehlabathi.

Isantya sophuhliso UK kuqoqosho lehla kancinane ekuyeni ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba inkqubo ingqalelo kweebhanki yaphela. I-capital imali ihlabathi yaba United Kingdom. Ukuphela kwexesha yeVictorian yabalasela ukuyilwa le "enkulu ezintlanu" iibhanki eLondon. Amagunya kwentloko yonke inkqubo logcino eli lizwe waya yebhanki eLondon. Phawundi yaba lemali kweentengiselwano ngamazwe.

Kwimephu yehlabathi akwabakho mzi oluphucukileyo, apho kwakungekho isebe lebhanki yaseBritani. Xa iyonke, amaziko British ngetyala baba ofisi ngaphezu 2.280 ehlabathini ihlabathi 1913. Ukongeza, ezi zikhokelela oosomashishini aseBritani baqalisa ukuyithathela ingqalelo kwamanye amazwe: izityalo Belgium kunye intsimbi Russian, bayisile ematyeni textile eFransi eSpeyin, neoli yokucokisa inkampani eNetherlands. Kodwa inzuzo enkulu wayisa imali kumazwe angaphandle kwi non-European amazwe. Umzantsi Melika kunye nakwiindawo eziphakathi ezingamathanga baseBritani baba ephambili mali yotyalo ikuyo le UK.

Ukuphela kwexesha yeVictorian zange ayeke ukukhula, kodwa zithe kuphela phantsi. Nhoza Active kuye kwabangela ukuncipha capitalisation kwamashishini ibekwe kweli lizwe ngokwayo. Nangona kunjalo, impendulo yombuzo ibinjani karhulumente yaseYurophu yaye yintoni ixesha elithile yaba amazinga aphezulu zophuhliso lwezoqoqosho, lo United Kingdom, ekupheleni kwexesha yeVictorian.

Grade 8 kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sele sinengcamango yokuba amaqela ezopolitiko imikhosi ezichaphazela inkqubo yangaphakathi kweli lizwe.

Ulwakhiwo lwezopolitiko

Kwi-UK, imigaqo-nkqubo yangaphakathi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, kwasekwa amaqela amabini ezopolitiko (benkululeko kunye babebambelele). Babebambelele wavakalisa umdla abanini ezinkulu, inkokeli yabo B. Disraeli. Benkululeko bavakalisa iminqweno abakumgangatho ophakathi, nto leyo efuziselwa W. Gladstone.

Omabini amaqela zanyanzelisa uthotho iinguqu kunye nokutshintsha inkqubo yonyulo kweli lizwe. Ngasekupheleni nenani-60. Disraeli waqonda uguquko yepalamente, ukwandisa kakhulu inani labavoti ezinokubakho, ilizwe lwayo United Kingdom. Isiphelo xesha yeVictorian ebomini iqela zeli lizwe iphawulwa Gladstone, ochithe inani lemithetho zentlalo ukuphucula ubomi bahluphekayo. Ngoko ke, savunyelwa ugwayimbo kunye nogwayimbo lwabasebenzi, irhoxisiwe nokuqeshwa abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10 entsebenziswano wavumela kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi, ixesha elilinganiselweyo.

umbuzo Irish

It kuxhotyiwe "Umbuzo Irish" Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Kule 400 iminyaka silawulwa British abazange ukwaphula umnqweno ukuzimela Irish. Ubunzima ukuhamba kwabantu Irish yokwenza kubuyekezo lomhlaba kunye nokusekwa kwe self-government (Home uMthetho) ekhokelwa yi-Charles Parnell. Yena wazama zonke iindlela angasondela ingqalelo kwiingxaki Ireland. Epalamente umthetho on ulawulo ekhaya zange kudlula, kodwa Irish baye baqhubeka babange amalungelo abo, kwaye amaBritane, ekugqibeleni, kwafuneka bayeke.

angaphandle

"Bodwa Igophe" - ibinzana lokuqala wasungula UK. Ukuphela kwexesha yeVictorian kweli lizwe iphawulwa ziimvakalelo asebukhosini. amathanga Huge kunye namatshamba ezopolitiko ziye zakhokelela eli lizwe ukuba "bodwa esimbejembeje" apho wazala hhayi sizana, ekhokelwa kuphela iimfuno zabo. ukwanda amakoloni lafika awo eliphezulu, iyonke indawo Empire ngaphezulu 33 million macala onke. km.

izinto British ekuphuhlisweni iidiphozithi diamond ezintsha kunye nophuhliso imigodi yegolide yakhokelela namaBhulu kweMfazwe, leyo eyaphela ngo 1901, ekubulaleni Boers kunye nokudalwa zibubukhosi - pseudo-Independent States njengenxalenye koBukhosi baseBritani.