Concept kunye na inqanaba lenkqubo

wamacala   - ibinzana osemthethweni ezinxulumene nenkqubo yobulungisa kunye nemisebenzi amagunya uphando kwi ikhomishini ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kwilizwe ngalinye, inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho ngokomthetho ukuba imigaqo nemithetho ethile kunye, ngeli ukukhusela komthetho nocwangco ezikhoyo State kwaba nayiphi kuhlaselo mthetho.

Ingcamango yokuba Inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho kukuba kunokuba nzima, kuba umthamo kuphela inkqubo kodwa iqonga, ayigqiba. Nqanaba libizwa ngokuba ezizimeleyo, kodwa zihlobene iinxalenye zenkqubo lahlukanise isigqibo sokugqibela, yaye luphawulwa iinjongo ezithile, inani labantu kunye namagunya ababandakanyekayo kule meko, inkqubo kunye nohlobo enkqubo wezobuDlelwane yolwaphulo-mthetho.

Onke amanyathelo ale nkqubo yolwaphulo eziliqela iipropati ziqhelekilyo ngamnye kubo. Ezi mpawu oqhelekileyo:

1) Ubukho imisebenzi ngoko nangoko ukuba usukele imisebenzi ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zomthetho.

2) Ubukho kwisangqa ethile abantu kunye namashishini inxaxheba kweli nqanaba.

3) iifom yenkqubo (order) umsebenzi, kuxhomekeke eqongeni umxholo kunye neempawu yokuvakalisa kuyo imithetho nemithetho ethile.

4) Le ndalo ekhethekileyo wobudlelwane yolwaphulo phakathi ngabalawulwa ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.

5) Isigqibo sokugqibela waphelisa zonke iingxoxo kunye nobudlelwane obuquka ihamba ityala ukuya kwisigaba esilandelayo okanye sele ziza kugqitywa.

Zonke izigaba benza inkqubo efunekayo iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo mthetho. Bathenga ngabanye ngokulandelelana. Ngenxa yoko, nathi ingqalelo amanqanaba eziphambili zenkqubo lolwaphulo iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

sigaba Pre-kwetyala yeengxoxo

Ezi zigaba iquka ukuqaliswa kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nenkqubo yophando lokuqala. Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala amagosa kunye egunyazisiweyo izidumbu karhulumente sungula izizathu inkqubo, nto leyo isenzo neenkqubo zamatyala enkundla. Eli nyathelo yinxalenye naliphi na ishishini.

Inqanaba elilandelayo - uphando lokuqala. It yenziweyo ityala eziziswe imizimba bokuphanda ubungqina bophando ukuseka ubukho, okanye, icala, akukho ulwaphulo-mthetho, abantu ababandakanyekayo ulwaphulo-mthetho, ubukhulu kunye nohlobo umonakalo kunye nezinye iimeko ebalulekileyo. Kukho iimeko apho eqongeni uphando lokuqala angekhoyo. Kwimeko bobukho bayo, oku kungabangela sokugxotehlwa ityala okanye ulwalathiso yaloo nkundla.

isigaba Trial yeengxoxo

Emva kophando lwaphambi kwetyala, ityala kuthunyelwa kwinkundla yamatyala, apho umgwebi uyahlangabezana izinto nokwenza izigqibo ezithile. Ijaji angaqesha kwetyala, ityala emva ukuze kuphandwe ngakumbi, gxotha iingxoxo, jonga ityala komnye kolawulo okanye lokuphelisa oko.

Ukuba kukho isicelo ummangalelwa kweli tyala , abakwa, kufuneka idlule kwetyala lokuqala phantsi imithetho zicaciswa gca kwi-Criminal Procedure Code.

Emva ukulungiselela ukuba intlanganiso yenye izigaba ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yolwaphulo - eli tyala. Apha, inkundla ingqalelo ityala ngomba msulwa okanye ityala ummangalelwa kunye nesicelo kwezohlwayo oluthile lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli cala sigqityiwe isigwebo, kodwa inokuba isiphumo ezahlukeneyo: ukugxothwa, ngokuba uphando kunye ulwalathiso kwabanye.

Kwiimeko apho kukho isibheno malunga nezikhalazo, laqalisa inkqubo yesibheno, ekukho ekutshekisheni semthethweni izigqibo zenkundla ephakamileyo kuthathwa. Oku kulandelwa nqanaba yokwenza yesigwebo, iqala ngomhla okanye emva kokuba iingxoxo yiNkundla Ephakamileyo, okanye ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba isaziso ngesigqibo.

Kukho kwakhona Isigaba eyongezelelweyo inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho, ezifana ukuvulwa kwakhona kwemiba phantsi kweemeko ezintsha kunye kweliso nemveliso.