Inqanawa "Mikasa": umzekelo, photo, kovavanyo lwamaphulo, umonakalo, phi?

Namhlanje kunzima ukufumana umntu owazi malunga Imfazwe Russian-Japanese nantoni na. Noko ke, abanye akuphuhlanga kakuhle khumbula ukuba kuvalwe iindlela ePort Arthur, kodwa olu lwazi zikholisa iphele.

Bafumana, ngokuba imfazwe - esi siganeko sibaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe lethu, omnye unobangela-Oktobha Revolution, njengoko ngexesha impi ngenqindi phantsi ukujonga ukuba ngaba ukungakwazi kakumkani kunye norhulumente ukuze kuhlolwe ngokwaneleyo eziyimiqobo yangaphandle nangaphakathi, ukuba athathe amanyathelo ukuphelisa yabo yokuqala.

Enye iisimboli le ngxabano (kunye Japanese kwicala) wempi "Mikasa". Japanese nangoku neqhayiya yale nqanawa, ngoku ke wenza njengoko lolondolozo lwembali zokudada.

Overview

Ngexesha kokwakhiwa kwale hlobo wempi yaba umkhumbi kakhulu anamandla kakhulu abaxhobileyo ilanga eliphumayo, omnye iinqanawa ezinkulu kwexesha. Ebandakanyeka, njengoko flagship Admiral Togo, kwi imfazwe phakathi eRashiya kunye Japan. Yena inxaxheba ePort Arthur iziganeko kwi Tsushima Battle. Ngexesha yeHlabathi yokuQala olinda unxweme Japan. Ngoku wempi "Mikasa" - imyuziyam ibekwe kwizibuko Yokosuka.

Kuba apho wadalwa?

Ngowe-1895, xa Japan yoyisa kulimo kunye umva China, nto leyo engalindelekanga ngokupheleleyo esi siganeko uluntu ehlabathini. Ngelo xesha, yaseJapan awukoneliseki enamabhongo zabo waseburhulumenteni, kunye nendima ebalulekileyo edlalwe kwilizwe lethu. Phantsi koxinzelelo uBukhosi Russian, kwafuneka ayeke ukuba amalungelo abo naseManchuria, njengoko kwakufuneka enze isenzo of "ngentumekelelo", enika Lushun kuthinjwa ngaphambili (ePort Arthur). Oku kwenzeke ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba Chefoo ngoko yaba butho Russian, leyo ukunxibelelana yaseJapan akazange afune ukuba.

Noko ke, urhulumente yaseJapan waqonda ukuba kusafuneka alwe eRashiya, noloyiso, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto ezininzi theatre ezingenzeka lwemisebenzi yokulwa iya kuxhomekeka kwimpumelelo imisebenzi izithuthi (kwakunye ikhona). Ngowe-1895, i yaseJapan wathabatha inkqubo yokwakha kangangeminyaka eli-10, umisela ukwakhiwa nawa enkulu neyanamhlanje yokulwa.

zokwakha

Ekubeni inkoliso zalapho Japanese ngelo xesha akazange ukwanelisa iimfuno modernity, le wempi "Mikasa" yakhiwa kwi-UK. Inoxanduva lokuphendla uyilo wenjineli IsiNgesi Makrou D. S. into entsha, akazange ceba, kodwa isekelwe kakuhle bezibonakalise ukuba iklasi Zempi yaseBritani yakhe "Canopus". "Inzalo" yakhe yaye "Mikasa". Wempi i "ezihlangwini uhlobo" Ufanele, omnandi macala kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle kweprojekthi IsiNgesi.

Bookmark inqanawa iye yenziwa nabenzi zalapho Barrow Vickers (umenzi itanki elizayo). Kwathi 24.01.1899 ngonyaka. Amanzi flagship elizayo zithuthi Japanese yaphehlelelwa 11.08.1900 ngonyaka. Ukusebenza kuyo, loo 01/03/1902. Ngelo xesha, siye igqityiwe ngokupheleleyo onke amanyathelo iimvavanyo karhulumente. Indleko yale projekthi akukho idatha echanekileyo, kodwa ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba ubuncinane kwesigidi leeponti, ngelo xesha kwi "dollar elilingana" kulingana ukuya kwizigidi ezine.

iimpawu izindlu

Akukho zahlukile kwezo zezinye izitya ezakhiweyo kunyaka-1895-1896, i-wempi "Mikasa" waba ngummeli ezaziwa enqanaweni-school Sir William Genri Uayta.

Housing ezazivela imikhumbi sentsimbi imali, le nkqubo iya amanqwanqwa zomzimba - enqamlezileyo. Single-sinendawo uthiwe yakhiwa eli cebo, izakhelo ngeempumlo ukuvaleka yayincinane kakhulu, kodwa amidships ukuvaleka efanayo ixesha kunye aft nokubonakaliswa ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphakathi kwimeko zilungiselelwe izahlulelo ezikhethekileyo manzi, ekuthe uthiwe yahlulwa kwiindawo ezininzi ezincinane. Banikela uzinzo ezongezelelweyo sitya yahlangana torpedoes.

A feature of armadillo ingqalelo iibhodi kabini kunye ezantsi kabini. Isikrweqe Umaleko ukwanda uvuka ukuya bronepaluby level. Eyona yesibini olwahlula isaphetha inqanawa leyo njengomzi, apho bekumele ukuba abe yegusha ukushaya. Ukongeza, armadillo "Mikasa" (photo awo aboniswe material) yaba sinendawo ngokukhawuleza yoga eliphezulu. keels lateral ezazijoliswe ukuzinzisa inqanawa ngexesha ewa.

Ikratshi Abakhi British eyayiyinxalenye Hartman Rahtien, nolwenzelwa igobhogobho kwamanzi. Oku kuthintela amaqokobhe ungcolisa nokuphuculwa izindlu ezisemgangathweni ukhwele, ukunciphisa utsalo lwe kulwelo.

isikrweqe Ukucacisa zomzimba

ukubana Partial yomzimba - ngaphezu kweetoni ezingama-15. nokususwa ngokupheleleyo - iitoni ezili-16. Length obukhulu - 132 eemitha, phakathi perpendiculars - 122 leemitha. I-avareji Ububanzi umzimba - 24 ubude, ubunzulu avareji - iziimitha ezisibhozo.

Inqanawa "Mikasa" yahlukile kwezinye iinqanawa kwakhiwa e-Japan, isibakala sokuba yokuba umsantsa ezincinane kakhulu phakathi Barbet imipu-305 mm. Oku kubangele ukuba kwenziwe compact, kodwa ngaxeshanye, sigqibo yoyilo kwenza kube nzima ukuba ufakelo lwemipu-152 mm casemates elinye. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba abayili kwakufuneka ukusombulula ingxaki non-engenamsebenzi kunye nokubekwa yenqanawa kwamabhanti ezintathu vehicles. Ukuphakama engundoqo isikrweqe ibhanti - malunga ne-2.5 m ngaphezu kwamanzi waphakama nama-70 cm.

Xa indawo yee-icandelo ubukhulu isikrweqe wafikelela 229 mm, kodwa ngaphansi ke kancane kancane ukuya 127 mm. Kunye kungqameko isikrweqe enqaba elunge naye nje ukubhitya, ukuya ku 178 mm, kwaye malunga nezikrweqe ukunqumla akatsho ifikelele 102-127 mm. Kungcono ekhuselweyo indawo enqaba elunge ngokwayo. Ekubeni wathabatha bronepoyas eziphambili, nabayili baye bakwazi ukukhusela isikrweqe sayo-152 mm.

Ngokwemo yayibaluleke ngakumbi ibhanti isikrweqe wesithathu elisuke ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu. msebenzi wakhe uphambili ukuze bakhusele neebhetri guns-intshi ezintandathu. Sele ngentla ukuba ezinye izigqibo yoyilo akavumelekanga ukuba ukufaka i imipu-152 mm casemates elinye, kodwa zange ezingabo imipu ezine kumgangatho ophezulu. Baye ukhuselwe 152 mm kunye nangaphandle isikrweqe 51 mm - ukusuka ngaphakathi.

Ezinye iindawo ugcino

Best zonke akhuselwe barabety lomlilo ezingundoqo kunye iinqanawa cabin - 356 mm isikrweqe. Kuqhotyoshelwe barabetam yinxalenye kwinqaba iShushan zange vehicles ngokunjalo - "kuphela" 203 mm kwensimbi. Ekubeni babehamba kumgangatho ongasentla adjoined izityalo yi imo yekona obengo, nabayili abakhusele isikrweqe ipleyiti ubukhulu ka-152 mm kuphela. Oko kwanele ukuba ukumelana enomsindo ngaxeshanye, ibhexesha uyilo wenqanawa.

Zonke amaso Lokulinganisa umpu zagutyungelwa yi amaphepha ibakhusela okusuka ka-254 mm (ebunzini). Amacala kunye nophahla zikhuselwe mbi kancinane - 203 mm. ukuma Upper Okuye kwabethelelwa amaphepha-25 mm. sinendawo Lower (umpu ngaphakathi kwinqaba iShushan) yaba ubukhulu-51 mm (apho bevels kwi babengama-76 mm). Nice ukuba akhuselwe kwaye turtleback, nto leyo ilingana incwadi 76 mm.

Kwakhona, iinjineli ziye zinikwe ukhuselo ogqwesileyo inqaba conning, apho kwakukho izixhobo zokulawula imoto eziphambili (okt, ivili lokuqhuba, intercom ukunxibelelana zonke izithuba zomkhosi). Kuba sisebenzisa Krupp isikrweqe eyodwa ubukhulu yaba 356 mm, endlwaneni aft (ukuqatshelwa efanayo) ukuba okhuselweyo uthobekile, kukho sempi ipleyiti waba Ebubanzini 76 mm.

Ngokubanzi, i wempi "Mikasa", ogama imodeli yaphuhliswa injineli IsiNgesi ilungileyo, waba ngowokuqala iinqanawa Japanese, eyasetyenziswa ukukhusela sobhedu yenziwa yi indlela Krupp. Ngaphambi wasetyenziswa Harvey isikrweqe, uxhathiso yayo incitshisiwe 16-20%. Ngendlela, ukuba ubunzima epheleleyo isikrweqe kwi "Mikasa" yafikelela iitoni 4091 (phantse-30% ye-yeetoni zizonke enqanaweni).

Inkqubo isimiso lomkhumbi

scheme shaft-ezimbini yasetyenziswa ukwakha. I 'Intliziyo "wenqanawa baba iinjini umphunga cylinder-amathathu iveliswayo" Vickers ". Uphawu lo mshini ukusebenzisa amandla "ukwanda triple" isibini, ngaloo ndlela unako ukusindisa amafutha kwaye baphumeze uluhlu ezona yokuhamba kwi yokuzaliswa enye. I-stroke piston waba imitha ngaphezu kwesinye!

Isantya shaft kwi imo cruise run ifikelela 125 Rev / min. Asetyenziselwa ukwenza kwibhoyila umphunga 25 Belleville, ukumelana uxinzelelo umphunga ubuninzi-21 kg / cm². Njengoko igumbi injini siyazilayita, kumacandelo abo iveliswayo "Vickers".

Umphezulu iyonke kwibhoyila ifikelela 3.5 amawaka m. ^2, inani labantu ngokubanzi grates zafikelela 118,54 m ^2. Netoti iiglasi ezimbini ngaphezu kweemitha ezine! Umthamo yokukhohlisa nganye mveliso ilingana 16 000 l / s, oko kuvunyelwa ukufikelela ngesantya ingami-18 amaqhina. Kakade ke, oomatshini kuphela xa azonakalanga-out kunye neendlela inkonzo ngexesha. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo zahlawula iinjineli nenjini ezenziwe ngobhedu manganese.

Kuyanceda ubona wempi indlela ezakhiwe Mikasa, imizobo emkhombeni, nawe uya kufumana kumaphepha kweli phepha.

isitokhwe fuel

Coal oovimba egcinwe yenqanawa hoppers ezimbini ezinkulu ngokwandisa kunye kujikelezo zombini iibhodi amalungiselelo ngaxeshanye kwigumbi umatshini kulo. Nokuphakama lwabo kangangokuba zidlula kunye wamalahle encinane lenyuka ngaphezu kumgangatho eziphambili: oko kwenziwa ngenjongo, ukuba ukunika ukhuselo olungcono. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ababephakathi ityala iitoni 700 amalahle, ubuninzi imfuyo yawo ezimawaka 1.5. Okulahlwayo okuyingozi.

Ngesantya amaqhina ezilishumi isikhephe boyise 4.600 iimayile ezisetyenziswa elwandle xa sihamba ngesantya (16 amaqhina), umgama ibihamba 1900 neekhilomitha elwandle. Ngenxa sicatshulwa iqela uvavanyo karhulumente wakwazi 'raskochegarit "inqanawa ukuya ku 16.5 amawaka. L / s ngesantya irekhodi 18,45 amaqhina.

iimpawu ukuhamba jikelele flagship zazikhona pretty okulungileyo, kodwa pretty buthathaka uchulumanco inqanawa awayekade 'ungamngcwabi "igagasi. A ilahleko kakhulu iimpawu isantya. Ukongeza, iqela ayikwazanga ngokuqhelekileyo sebenzisa kwi-kwibhodi izixhobo zokudubula.

Okunye avionics

Sihamba ezazilapho amathathu umphunga generator eyayiza kuvelisa ombane ngqo yangoku ka-80 V, umthamo wabo zizonke zafikelela 144 kW. Ngaloo mihla kube kukho intsebenzo entle kakhulu.

On ibhodi nazo ezintathu Martin uba iankile sele ifakiwe. Ukongeza, ukuba ukuququzelela Committe umkhondo ukulwa ulwazi bakhonza spotlight ezintandathu. Kulo mzekelo, ababini kubo ibekwe kwiMars, yaye ezine - wayesemva kunye isaphetha kwebhulorho.

Ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano flagship oluthembekileyo, Japan (ngokunjalo kuzo zonke iimeko zangaphambili) basayina isivumelwano nenkampani Italian "Marconi". Radio eriyali ololulele phakathi iseyile kunye iseyilana imasti. uluhlu Unxibelelwano Uswele malunga nama-180 eekhilomitha elwandle.

Kuba crew nokusindisa ngexesha torpedoing olunikiweyo lencopho kuthetha 15 ezinobukhulu obahlukileyo.

isicelo wokulwa, ePort Arthur

08/02/1904 (New Style - January 26) wempi "Mikasa" weza kwisiqithi ngeenxa zonke, ukuba kufutshane ukuya ePort Arthur. Ngentsimbi yesihlanu ngokuhlwa phezu flagship lwemasti iiflegi eziboniswe, okubhalwe apho sifunda oku: "Hamba uhlaselo isicwangciso pre-echongiweyo. amathamsanqa. " Yethoba Februwari "Mikasa" (kwi butho of Zempi ezisibhozo) baya ngqo ePort Arthur yaye yathatha fleet Russian.

11 iya kuvulwa umlilo engundoqo umlilo, neenqanawa bethu kumgama ubude 46,5 intambo leyo kuye. A imizuzwana embalwa kamva flagship inkxaso umlilo iinqanawa eziseleyo Japanese, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba yambetha ironclads Russian neebhetri elunxwemeni.

Selime 11.16 oko kwabhalwa hit ngqo kwi "Mikasa"-254 mm projectile. Oku kwabangela umonakalo iseyilana nokutshatyalaliswa (partial) aft ye kwebhulorho. Kwalimala abantu abasixhenxe. Emva kwemizuzu embalwa kamva - kwakhona hit, kwaye ke hit mainmast. amaxesha ubuncinane kathathu ebudeni zikrazukile iflegi idabi, nto leyo phantse nangoko axhonywe endaweni. Kwi 11,45 Admiral Togo, umphathi inqanawa, wayalela butho baleka.

Ngelo xesha, lo wempi "Mikasa" umonakalo musa ukumela isoyikiso ngqo, oko kuqhubeka ukulwa. Togo wathabatha iinqanawa ngaphandle ileyibhile yonxweme projectiles umlilo ibhetri leyo, kwanasemva hit enye, oko ukuthumela inqanawa ukuya ezantsi.

Ngaloo mini, nayiphi na impumelelo luncedo ezingahambi nayiphi na emacaleni edabini. Kwixesha elizayo kunye "Mikasa" izenzo ebaluleke kakhulu angawenzanga, kodwa isikhephe sakhe wakwazi ukuba lundiphakamele izihlandlo ezimbalwa zizonakalisa kakhulu ezinye Zempi Russian.

Tsushima

Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo 1905 inqanawa Mikasa ke ubukhulu becala kwakhona emva kwemfazwe. Ngenxa amava amadabi zangaphambili, umyalelo eliphezulu waseJapan wayalela ukuba ngokuphawulekayo ukwandisa iimbumbulu ebhodini. Yaye wayefuna Japanese kakhulu ngoMeyi 14 ngemizuzu 13.10, xa Idabi Tsushima.

Le mpi yathatha ngaphezulu ngemini. Ngeli xesha, i wempi Japanese "Mikasa" wafumana malunga 40 hits (kwaye - kuphela abaluleke kakhulu). Uninzi lwazo kwi kweqokobhe-305 mm. Emininzi casements unelishwa wesithathu 152 mm kunaso. uphahla ezikhuphile-305 mm iqokobhe Russian. Ngenxa yoko, kwabulawa malunga ezisithoba ngabantu. Inqanawa unethamsanqa kakhulu ukuba ukuba kupakwe emthethweni.

Emva kweeyure ezimbini kwindawo enye (!) Ngaba 152 mm projectile. Eli xesha ngokubulala abanye oomatiloshe ezimbini, kodwa dubulo njengakwimeko yangaphambili, xa kwenzeka abonwabileyo, kweso sivumelwano. Okunye umonakalo ngomnyango lwemipu eziliqela ngaphandle inyathelo elithatyathiweyo, isibini iindawo baqalisa ukuba ziye iipleyiti eziyingozi zokuzikhusela.

Kodwa okubi kude eliphezu yokupaka ka Septemba 11 isiseko e Sasebo. Kwaye nangoku wamiswa izizathu ngenxa apho kupakwe uninzi kwi-kwibhodi emthethweni. Inqanawa "Mikasa" (eye ifoto kweli nqaku) baya ngokukhawuleza ukuya ezantsi. Yonga Ubunzulu wakhe omncinane, kodwa kwiimeko ezinjalo, kuphela recovery umzamo yesine yimpumelelo. Ngoko nangoko wabulala oomatiloshe 256, 343 ngaphezulu kwalimala abantu, yaye kamva yaba iyabulala.

A umngxuma omkhulu ibhodi kuvalelwa, yaye emva kweenyanga ezili-11 inqanawa wabuyela le nkonzo. Noko ke, kwadlula eminye iminyaka emibini ukuze ekuvalweni sokugqibela iziphumo sisihelegu. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi umkhombe kwimijikelo kunxweme eJapan, bathatha inxaxheba ungenelelo ngoncedo, iye zihleli kwi Bay of Vladivostok.

Ekugqibeleni, ukususela Navy uthiwe wagxothwa ngo-1923. Hi ndlela leyi, nabani na kwaye wabona inqanawa "Mikasa" (wempi). Uphi na lo nqanawa ngoku? Yena umi e Yokosuka.

Koko, inkqubo yotshintsho ibe wempi museum ngokwayo wanika iinjineli ezininzi iingxaki. Okokuqala, kwaba yimfuneko ukwemba ngaphandle ukuhlukana omkhulu eyomileyo, zalisa ngamanzi ... uze wenze oko ngesitya uze uwutshise ngokupheleleyo esemkhumbini. Inqanawa sisemi, zimilile kwindawo phezu kwamanzi, ngokungathi ukulungele ngokupheleleyo iphulo elitsha.

umfanekiso wakhe lisetyenziswa kwi ubugcisa. Ngoko ke, ukuba banikele na inqanawa "Mikasa" iphepha ungakwazi phantse yonke ivenkile njengesikhumbuzo. Ukongeza, inqanawa kunokubonwa ivideo imidlalo emininzi yokuzonwabisa, oko kudla okhankanywe ncwadi.

kunokuba ukugqitywa

Ngoko ke, indlela luck kakhulu yaba wempi Mikasa? Le modeli linentsusa yalo IsiNgesi, kodwa le oyinzalelwane Albion akubanga zilungiswe emangalisayo-bume Japanese.

Phela, kwaba eNgilani, enyanisweni, luye lwaxhamla kulwakhiwo enqanaweni. Okokuqala, lo lizwe ithuba lokuba athathe umsebenzi kwi shipyards. Okwesibini (kodwa okungakuncinananga), phantse zonke "izinto ezinxulumene" ezifana wompu yaseJapan nayo yathengwa kwi-UK.

Kodwa ke kubaluleke kakhulu Yayiyinto: ziingcali British bayifundisise impumelelo yaseJapan kwi Russian-Japanese War, bathabatha izigqibo, benze iingqikelelo, isigqibo ngeyona ndlela kwanokuphucula ubuciko bayo. Kwaye - ngaphandle emfazweni!

Nje indlela yaba wempi 'Mikasa "? uvavanyo Project kakhulu eliphezulu. Iingcali qaphela incwadi elungileyo kwaye lwezindlu, izixhobo elungileyo, izixhobo Obusemagqabini ubunjani yoba ngumkhombe wodwa. umgangatho weentonga sobhedu ngokukodwa uxatyiswa kakhulu, ukuba kungabi ngenxa yayo, ngoko ngo-1905, inqanawa mhlawumbi akayi kusinda hits ngqo mane.

Ngaphezu koko, armadillo "Mikasa" (amanani ukuqinisekisa oku) baba umdla ukulwa survivability. Eyafunyanwa ngayo ulufumana eyiyo namacandelo manzi.

Ziziphi iintsilelo le projekthi? Kwakhona waba abaninzi. Okokuqala, sele ekubonise tyekelo emkhombeni ukuba "ungamngcwabi" nkqu wave eliphantsi. Okwesibini, i-gosa waseJapan ubufuna inqanawa enesantya ingami amaqhina-25, kodwa eneneni, le wempi ukuba ukukhawulezisa ukuya kuphela ku-18 amaqhina.

Noko ke, le zochuku. Ukuziqhelisa, kwafumaniseka ukuba ethile ebalulekileyo nje kukuba iimbumbulu encinane. Kwakhona, iinjineli ziye zafumanisa ukuba kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba komboko lemipu komlilo engundoqo.