Ukubunjwa nokuxinwa kweerosene, indlela yokuvelisa kwayo

Kwangexesha elide, uluntu luye lwazama ukufumana umthombo olula kwaye ulungele ukufudumala, ukukhanya kunye nophethiloli. Ekuqaleni, iinkuni kunye nomnatha oqhelekileyo zasebenza njengenjalo, kamva umntu wafunda ukukhupha nokusebenzisa i-peat. Emva koko uluntu lwenza ukuphumelela okukhulu kwintsimi yesayensi kunye nezobugcisa ngokubanzi-kwaye kwicandelo lokushisa ngokukhethekileyo, ukuqala ukusebenzisa i-diesel.

Umxube we-hydrocarbons abilayo kwiqondo lokushisa lama-150-250 ° C. Le yilezi ebonakalayo, ezinamafutha, ezivuthayo ezinokutsha ezifunyenwe yioli ye-distilling. Ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela yokucubungula kunye nokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali, i-kerosene ingaquka i- hydrocarboni egcweleyo ye- aliphatic type, i-naphthenic compounds, i-bicyclic compounds, ukungcola kwe-oksijeni, isulfure okanye i-nitrogen.

Ibakala eliphambili ekusebenziseni i-kerosene yasekhaya lidibaniswa nokuveliswa ngowe-1823 wezinto zokucocwa kweoli. Kwaye ukususela ngowe-1950, xa i-turboprop kunye ne-jet moya zaqalisa ukuphuhlisa, ukuveliswa komnye uhlobo, olubizwa ngokuthi "i-kerosene yendiza", iqaliswa. Zifumana zombini iintlobo ze-diesel ngokucoca ioli. Kwinqanaba lokuqhubela phambili, i-oyile ihlambulukile ukungahlambuluki kwamanzi amaninzi (kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba ubuninzi be-kerosene buphantsi kobuninzi bamanzi). Emva koko, ukubunjwa kwangaphambili kuhlambulukileyo kuhanjiswe i-distillation, ngexesha apho i-hydrocarbons iyilisiwe, iqhekeza leoli kunye ne-asele zifunyanwa ngendlela yeoli yeoli.

Ngokomyinge, ubuninzi be-kerosene bu malunga ne-0.78-0.85 g nganye yentimitha yecubic, kwaye iqondo lokukhanya lihluka ukusuka kwi-28 ukuya kwi-72 ° C. Ubuninzi bombane otshabalalayo osetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwasekhaya ngowama-830 kg nganye ngeekhiyitha yamitha, kunye neqondo lokushisa kwalo lugqitha malunga ne-35-40 ° C. Ezi zikhokelo eziqhelekileyo. Ubuninzi beekerosene ezisetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa kwiimigodi kunye neempahla ezincinci yi-860 kg nganye ngeekhiyitha yemitha. Ingongoma yefayili yolu hlobo lwamanzi ingafikelela kwi-90 ° C. Ubuninzi beekhethi yeenqwelo zeenqwelo-moya ayikho ngaphantsi kwama-780 kg ngeekhiyitha nganye. I-kerosene enjalo ijoliswe ekusebenziseni kwiisampuli ezindizayo zokuhamba ngeenqwelo.

Ukuxinwa kwe-kerosene kubhekiselele kwixabiso elinqunywe ngumlinganiselo wobunzima beli hlobo lobutyebi kumlinganiselo walo. Qinisekisa ubuninzi bombane obunokutsha ngokusebenzisa i-pycnometer, isixhobo esisetyenziswe ngokukhethekileyo ukucacisa ubuninzi beempawu zamanzi kunye neziqinileyo.

I-pycnometer, i-thermostat enokukwazi ukugcina ukushisa kwe-20 ° C, ipompo yokucima, i-desiccator ye-vacuum, i-thermometer kunye ne-diesel iyadingeka ukuhlalutya. Inkqubo yokubala ubukhulu bayo ihlukaniswe ngamanqanaba ambalwa. Okokuqala, i-pycnometer ehlanjwe ngokucokisekileyo neyomileyo iyalinganiswa. Emva koko ihlanganiswe ngegraphite kwaye ilinganiswe kwakhona. Emva koko i-kerosene (ukufikelela kwisiqingatha somthamo) ichitheka kwi-flask kwaye ifakwe kwi-desiccator, apho igcinwa khona malunga neyure enye.

Kwinqanaba lesibini lohlalutyo, i-pycnometer ithathwe kwi-desiccator kwaye igcwele ngokupheleleyo i-kerosene ifakwe kwiyure enye kwi-thermostat. Emva kwithuba elithile lexesha, ifowuni isuswe kwi-thermostat kwaye ubukhulu bayo buzimisele. Emva koko, kwi-pycnometer efanayo, kodwa sele uhlambulukile kwaye womile, uthele i-diesel wenze konke okufanayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwongezwa kwegraphite. Amanyathelo afanayo ayenziwa ngokuthulula amanzi aqhelekileyo adibeneyo kwi-pycnometer.

Bala ubuninzi beerosene ngokolu hlobo olulandelayo: ubuninzi bomninzi buninzi ngokumahluko kumbindi we-pycnometer nge-kerosene kunye negraphite kunye nesisindo se-pycnometer engenanto, kwaye umphumo ulwahlula ngobunzima be-pycnometer ngamanzi kunye nobukhulu be-pycnometer engenanto.

Ukungafani okuvunyelweneyo phakathi kweziphumo zeendlela ezimbini ezifanayo akufanele kube ngaphezu kwe-0.01-0.02 g / cm.