Inkqubo yezilwanyana. Yintoni na?

Umhlaba wethu ucebile kwizinto eziphilayo. Ngako oko, ingxaki ye-accounting yabo iye yavela. Kule nkqubo ikhompyutha. Kuyinto inzululwazi ukuba uphando kwaye uhlalutye isilwanyana sonke kunye nehlabathi lezityalo. I-systematics yezilwanyana kusekelwe ekuqulunqweni kwenkqubo echaza bonke abameli balobukumkani, kubandakanywa nabokuphela. Le nkqubo ihlaziywa rhoqo.

Idatha emitsha, esetyenziswe kwisigaba, vumela ukudala iiklasi ezintsha zezilwanyana. Intsutyha yedwa inani malunga neentlobo zezigidi. Ukuqalwa kwezilwanyana kwenza kube lula ukulandelela uphuhliso lwalo lwangaphambili, oko kukuthi, i-phylogeny.

I-taxonomy yezilwanyana ibonisa ukuguquka kwehlabathi lezilwanyana. Ngokwe siseko sedata yakhe, sinokuthi iifom ezilula zezilwanyana zithatyathwa yizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithintela kwiimeko ezintsha zokusingqongileyo.

Inkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ayikwazi ukubuyiswa. Ngoko ke, i-taxonomy yezilwanyana yenza ukuba kube lula ukulandelela ukuphuhliswa kwehlabathi lezilwanyana.

Nawaphina iqela lezilwanyana lihlulwe libe ngamaqela amancinci. I-Systematics ijongene nokuhlukana kwezilwanyana, ukuhanjiswa kwabo ngamaqela ngokufanelekileyo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya izigaba ezintathu.

Isigaba sokuqala kukuchaza iqela kwaye lisasaze ngokuzalwa. Ngokukodwa le nqanaba ibalulekile kula maqela afundwanga okanye awaninzi. Oku kuquka amaqela amaninzi ezinambuzane.

Isigaba sesibini kukufumana izixhumanisi phakathi kwamacandelo ngamnye, anokuthi kubangelwa kwiinqanaba eziphakamileyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, bafunda i-morphological, i-embryological similarities, ebonisa ubuhlobo phakathi kwabo. Eli nqanaba lenza kube lula ukulandelela indlela izilwanyana ezitshintshile ngayo ngexesha lokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Isigaba sesithathu sichaphazela ukuhlolisana kobudlelwane phakathi kwezilwanyana. Nantsi kukho ukuthelekiswa kwinqanaba labantu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutywa kumaqela afundwe kakuhle. Ngexesha elifanayo bafumanisa ukuba kutheni le nto okanye loo ntlobo ihlukeneyo.

I-taxonomy yezilwanyana inikeza umfanekiso opheleleyo wezilwanyana ezizityebi zehlabathi. Ngaphandle kwesi sayensi, yonke inkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ayikwazanga ukulandelwa ngokuchanekileyo. Akuyi kubakho i-database yolwazi olufanelekileyo, kodwa kuphela ulwazi oluxakekayo.

Into yentela yerhafu yerhafu. I-Taxa ngamaqela abantu abahlala kwindawo ethile kwi-system classification.

Iirhafu nganye zineentlobo ezimbini zeempawu. Iqela lokuqala libizwa ngokuba yi-typological. Isekelwe kuphela kwiimpawu ze-morphological. Okokuthi, iindidi nganye zinesakhiwo sayo okanye uhlobo oluthile. Yilokho okumisela indawo yayo kwinkqubo yohlengahlengiso. Le ngcamango isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ekufundeni nasekusebenziseni iifayililogical findings.

Udidi lwesibini luyi-biological. Kwizinto eziphilayo, zifanelekileyo ngakumbi. Apha okukhethwa kukho kunikwe umqathango wokuwela. Iintlobo ezahlukileyo zodwa zizaliswa ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iintlobo.

Ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kwenza kube nzima ukuwahlukanisa kakuhle. Akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekiswa ngokuchanekileyo nokuba izilwanyana ezikhethiweyo ziintlobo ezahlukileyo okanye zizodwa eziziguqula izimilo zendawo enikwe. Ukongeza, ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zisenokutshintsha phantsi kwefuthe lendalo yangaphandle.

Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwerhafu yezilwanyana kukhulu. Inika nganye intlobo ngegama lesiLatin, eliphelisa ukudideka kwimeko yokusetyenziswa kwamagama angcolileyo.

Namhlanje i-systematics ijongene nexesha lokuphuhliswa olutsha. Sisebenzisa iindlela zeemathematika, iinkqubo zekhompyutheni, uhlalutyo lwe-DNA kunye nezinye izinto ezenzululwazi ezisivumela ukuba sibe nombono ongcono kwihlabathi lezilwanyana ezizityebi kweli hlabathi.