Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov: ngobomi (ifoto)

Kwilizwe lethu kunye nehlabathi jikelele waziwa kakuhle igama cosmonaut Leonov. Alexei Leonov yokuqala isithuba ongaphandle wenza bhanya ividiyo, eshiya kwisiphekepheke. Kweli nqaku siza kukubonisa ukuba nesizathu sokuba wanikwa kwisihloko Hero eSoviet Union ukuze kuphunyezwe umsebenzi ezibonakala zilula ngokwaneleyo. Kwakhona chaza ukuba kutheni, kuba lo msebenzi Sergey Korolov bakhetha ngayo. Biography Alekseya Leonova - ke isiphelo lwendoda eSoviet eqhelekileyo yentsapho kakhulu zesiqhelo.

ebuntwaneni

Alexei Leonov wazalwa ngo-1934 kwilali yeSiberia Listvyanka, nto leyo imi kummandla Kemerovo. Intsapho enkulu abekuyo umntwana yesibhozo, benza yabasebenzi nabalimi. Lo tata, wombane kaloliwe evela Donbass, emva kweMfazwe Civil, wafudukela eSiberia uyise, uyisemkhulu le usomajukujuku elizayo, waza waqalisa ukusebenza njenge specialist imfuyo. Umama wahlala kwezi ndawo ngaphambili. Alekseya Leonova Umkhulu wathunyelwa kwezi ndawo ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwazo iziganeko ekuguqukeni 1905.

Uyise cosmonaut elizayo Arhip Leonov, umntu onengqondo kunye osebenza nzima, uye waphumelela intlonipho phakathi belali kunye wonyulwa usihlalo webhunga lali. Iliza zocindezelo ayikhange bayicezele kunye nosapho. UYise ngo-1936 ukuya ingcinezelo, kodwa ngowe-1939, ukuze ukubuyisela amalungelo azahlulele.

Ngentsapho lwabazali nobuntwana Alexei omncinane uyaziwa. Ngethemba, uya kushiya incwadi eneenkcukacha memoirs.

Ngowe-1938, unina Alexei kaThixo waya Kemerovo. Apho, xa wayekhulile, waya esikolweni. ibanga lokuqala wayeneminyaka elithoba ubudala.

Ngowe-1948 intsapho yakowabo yafudukela yokuhlala isigxina, kwindawo entsha yasentshona eSoviet Union. EKaliningrad yaba idolophu for Alekseya Arhipovicha. Tam nentsapho ubomi bakhe namhlanje. Kwenye lwezikweri kumbindi kwalo mzi ilitye lesikhumbuzo imbeko bamazwe isithuba. It evela esitratweni, enxibe igama cosmonaut Leonov.

Umsebenzi - karma pilot

Inzala kwityala lotnomu Alexei Leonov akazange khona ngengozi. umkhuluwa wakhe, uPeter Arkhipovich, yaba toolmaker, ingcali enkulu intsimi yabo. Ngokuzithandela kwabelwane ngolwazi lwakhe Alesha.

Ngaphandle technology Alexei Arkhipovich nomdla kwezemidlalo. Yena wayenza ukubiya, ukukhwela ibhayisikile, nentshuntshe kunye nemidlalo. It has okuchithwa. Umdla wakhe umzobo yaba isakhono esikhulu.

EKaliningrad, eziqhelekileyo nabantu Alekseem Arhipovichem, khumbula ukuba a guy omkhulu - kufike abantu, ukuzilolonga, ochwayithileyo nobubele.

Imfundo yaseFisantekraal yokuqala Alexei Leonov lokudumba Kremenchug, esikolweni flight. Emva koko wafunda kwi-Higher School Chuguyivske fighter pilot, emva koko, kwi ngamahlanu kade, uziphose ukulwa moya.

Iqela lokuqala cosmonauts

Sergei Korolev ukhetha ngenyameko kakhulu abaviwa ukuba ukubhabha emajukujukwini. Irekhodi track Alekseya Leonova ukongeza iimpawu ebalaseleyo indawo kwenkonzo kunye noqeqesho ebalaseleyo lweembaleki kuye kwaba kunye moya kokwehla karma MIG-15bis kwiimeko ezinzima kunye injini bama. Xa gqira okuqala ungeniswe kowokuqala, Gagarin, cosmonaut lamajoni, olu sapho lwaluquka abantu mabini.

Ngu spacewalk Alexei Leonov ilungiselela ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngaphandle squad yakhe cosmonauts abanye, abagqatswa ufanelwe ngokulinganayo. Le Valery Bykovsky noPavel Popovich, kunye uVictor Gorbatenko, kunye Vladimir Komarov, kunye Ivan Anikeev, kunye nabanye. Bebonke abantu 20. Nngokobuchwepheshe, ngamnye kubo bakwazi ukumelana nayo nayiphi na imeko eyenziwe. S. P. Korolov ukhethe Alexei Arkhipovich njengoko umntu ngubani na kakhulu ngokuchanekileyo ukuchaza uluvo indawo. Kwaye njalo.

Nangona isibakala sokuba amalungiselelo spacewalk wayesebenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ndikunyibilikise ngaphaya emhlabeni, sonke ukuba oko akwenzekanga.

Uqeqesho kwenzeka emagumbini ezizodwa, apho efanisiweyo weightlessness. Ngokuhambelana kunye nokwakheka kwe-indices ngamnye, ngokunjalo kuthathelwe ingqalelo uxinzelelo lomoya ngaphakathi isuti kwaye kulindeleke iimeko okukufutshane iisuti zakhiwa ngokwahlukeneyo ngaphantsi usomajukujuku nganye.

Ukubamba zilinganisa zonke iimeko ingaqhelekanga abemi bume emhlabeni kwiimeko elebhu ukuba akwenzeki. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oosomajukujuku yokuqala boniswa kwingozi enkulu.

Inyaniso malunga moya - a abangafuniyo ukuthetha ngayo abemi USSR

Phuma Leonov endaweni evulekileyo kunokubonwa vhidiyo, equka amaqhekeza baye lwecamera. Likhangeleka umfanekiso omhle gqitha zipeyintwe nguye. Lo mfanekiso ngqo lomkhombe, kwaye elandelayo, xa fanela, Alexei Leonov. picture mfanekiso kweli nqaku. Ndimele ndithi ukuba kumaxesha Soviet ukubona kulo mfanekiso Ungakhetha kuphela. ubukhulu inqanawa Small kuthelekiswa enabanye zayo ezimbini khangela nje umxhelo. Bona ukuba ukujonga vulindlela isithuba njengabantu isibindi kakhulu.

Iinkcukacha zale siganeko ngamaxesha Soviet ayegcinwe eyimfihlo. Inani labemi akufuneki ukuba bazi miscalculations okanye iimpazamo yenzululwazi yesizwe kunye nokungafezeki nobuchwepheshe.

Le ukupeyinta, oluveza Alexei Leonov, umntu isithuba wokuqala ibalekile simahla, kuyabonakala; dimensions inqanawa mincinane ukuze nzima ukungena abantu ababini. Akukho isikhala free. Ewe kunjalo, ngokusekelwe iinjongo ezimiselwe oosomajukujuku kunye nexesha baba ibhabha, yaye akukho mfuneko.

Lo moya wokuqala, nokufotwa

Ngowe-1965, le isiphekepheke eSoviet "Voskhod-2" wenze moya ejikeleza uMhlaba. Eyona njongo ephambili ukuvavanya amathuba womntu kunye nezixhobo wadala emhlabeni ukwenza umsebenzi cleaner. Eli qela - noPavel Belyayev kunye Alexei Leonov.

Kwiminyaka emithathu ukulungiselela olu hlolisiso, nemini-1 kuphela, iiyure ezi-2, imizuzu 2 nemizuzwana 17 yokusabela, kunye nexesha kwisikhewu evulekileyo - imizuzu 23 nemizuzwana 41. Spacewalk Alekseya Leonova, kukhatshwa ukuzahlula baphume emkhombeni kwi eemitha 5.35. Sagcina imizuzu-12 kunye nemizuzwana 9. Usomajukujuku waye oludityaniswe inqanawa USB, mayixhotyiswe umlobothi wakho, loop. amagwegwe Perestogivanie wanceda ukusondela okanye ashenxele kude kwisiphekepheke nobude oyifunayo.

Umsebenzi ophambili, nto leyo ukwenza Alexei Leonov emajukujukwini - into nokufotwa ikhamera yevidiyo kunye mikrofotoapparat. Ividiyo ngokugqibeleleyo kangangoko kwakunokwenzeka phantsi ngoko ke isimo ubuciko. Kodwa uthathe iifoto kunye mikrofotoapparata, igcinwa encinane, olulingana iqhosha, isuti lokuvula, akuphumelelanga. Ngenxa deformation le isuti usomajukujuku ayikwazanga ukukhetha up intambo, enze imisebenzi lamaqhosha ikhamera, kunye ibhegi Ukuhlukunyezwa womoya, nto leyo ethe kwambatha ekupheleni kwayo, kufikile kude ngexesha ephumayo ukusuka kwesango. Wayefunyenwe kuqweqwe mgodi le.

Le ngokukhawuleza yesuti

Yesuti Alexei wayengekafiki abafezekileyo. Kuye avavanywa umahluko iphezulu enokwenzeka phakathi yangaphandle nangaphakathi ingcinezelo, nto leyo ke efanisiweyo on Earth. Wayeneminyaka kude kakhulu koko kwenzeka esithubeni. Uxinzelelo ngaphakathi isuti - 600 mm HG. column ngaphandle - 9 mm. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba aye anda. Ngaba buqhubeke iimbambo kugunyaziso kunye iirholithi. Izandla neenyawo akukho elide ukuya ekupheleni imikhono kunye nemilenze ndifuthe nokufutha. Isuti iye capsule esingaphathekiyo, nto leyo isayinwe abantu ukuzenzela nto. Pavel Belyayev, umthetheli akukubona oko kwakuqhubeka kunye Leonova suit, kodwa akaba nako kunceda nto. Alexei Arkhipovich Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga enye iyure, yena ephefumlayo ioksijini enyulu ne-nitrogen, akhoyo kwi igesi ukuphefumla enqanaweni, eli xesha kufuneka ekucoceni egazini. Wagqiba kwelokuba ukuphungula uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwisuti. Akuvunyelwe umyalelo, kodwa yintoni enye angamboniyo. Ukuba nitrogen ihlala egazini, ange eluhlaza, yaye oko kwakuthetha ukufa. Nitrogen wayengekho, kunye Alex Arkhipovich, sizibambe amagwegwe intambo otstogivaya, wayenza ukuya emnyango.

Ngolwaa ku iziqhoboshelo

Ubukhulu iziqhoboshelo ukukhuhla yaba ngaphantsi kwe imilinganiselo efunekayo ukuze usomajukujuku, leyo ububanzi igxalaba uniform zangaphandle -. 68 cm Njengoko ucango livulekile ngaphakathi, kwaye yesango ubukhulu - 1 m, akunakwenzeka ukuba aguquke kuwo. Alexei Arkhipovich ukuba ukwamkeleka, uyitywine avala izivingco, kuyimfuneko ukuba mhlawumbi ukunciphisa ubungakanani cover ukukhuhla okanye ukunciphisa lokufakwa. Simply ukunyusa ubungakanani nqanawa kuye khange kubenako ukwenzeka. Ukuze kulondolozwe ubukhulu gateway lwangaphakathi ngokwakhe Alexei Leonov. Ukufikelela isithuba abuyele emkhombeni, ukulandelelana eyona eyiyo amanyathelo uyenze ngenyameko ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwenziwa kwi simulators. Kodwa ukufunda izifundo zabo, kodwa ke kucacile ayikhange stinted kwi izimanga.

Cosmonaut wangena evala phantsi, njengoko kucetyisiwe ergonomic kunye nentloko. Ukuze avala ucango ezifunekayo ukuze kubekho umzimba degrees 180. Umsebenzi ngenxa ubungakanani kunye yobunzima usomajukujuku arhitrudnaya yesango. kamva Alexei Arkhipovich wakhumbula ukuba izinga lakhe ukubetha ekupheleni kwalo ngolwaa yaba ibetha 200 ngomzuzu, kwaye ukubila emehlweni akhe thala. Ngoku, sifanele sahlukane esangweni, kwaye uyakwazi ukubuyela ekhaya Earth. Kodwa kwenzeka umxakatho.

Emva ukwahlulwa wenqanawa iziqhoboshelo waqalisa ukujikeleza ngeenxa axis yayo, kunye noxinzelelo ngaphakathi yaqala ukukhula. Oosomajukujuku ukuba ukujonga kuphela kwi izixhobo. Misa inkqubo Yayingekho. Baya ukunciphisa ubushushu nokufuma ebhodini. Uxinzelelo waqhubeka ekhula. Osinike nakancane - kwaye inqanawa anokuthi aphephethwe ukuya molecule. Ngaxa lithile, Alexei Leonov kunye Pavel Belyaev uxhulumaniso - nokuba zingqondweni, okanye silele. Kamva, xa ufunda imizobo sixhobo, kwafumaniseka ukuba uxinzelelo ngaphakathi isithuthi endaweni umoya 160 ifikelele uphawu 920 mm HG, emva koko oko ukunciphisa ngokuzenzekelayo.

Isibakala sokuba esi sikhephe malunga neyure yaba kwindawo engatshintshiyo okanye zikhubazekile. Elinye icala ukuba +150 degrees Celsius shushu ilanga, yaye omnye ngumthunzi, zipholile ukuya degrees -140. Ngenxa yoko, esi sikhephe avuza ezivaliweyo. Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo uye wasebenza indlela yokuhlawula ukuvuza oksijini. Ekugqibeleni, xi uphakamile kangangokuba eziqhotyoshelwe ngaphakathi kuleyo. Uphawu wachacha kunye nezixhobo bafumana uphawu ngonxibelelwano ophela uxinzelelo kwemfuneko. I jet komoya evela ngaphandle kwicala le sikhephe wayinika isiphakamiso ejikelezayo.

Wawuza ukunqanda ujikelezo, njengoko bathi, ngumbandela yokuzenza, oko kulula. Phambili kwakukho enye umsebenzi - indiza.

kwendiza nomakhi

Kukholelwa ukuba waxhuzula-off kunye kokwehla - iinkqubo ezininzi ezimbaxa kulawulo kwisiphekepheke. "Voskhod-2" wahlala phantsi kwimo manual. Endaweni kwindawo asilungiseleleyo Kustanai ke waziphosa isiqingatha ikhephu imitha iphazamisekile le nqubo hlathi 200 km ukusuka Perm. Imbali ekhulula oosomajukujuku hlathi ekuthinjweni ifanelwe isahluko eyahlukileyo. Alexei Leonov and Pavel Belyaev wachitha ubusuku ezimbini, lisongelwe kulusu, ahlinzwe ukusuka kumphezulu engaphakathi umkhombe, wotha ngomlilo, yaye Alexei Arkhipovich ukwenza umthambo, batsale ezizibeni iparashute, sinamathele emantloko pine. supply ukudla ababenakho - ngumkhenkce-yomile inyama, itshokolethi, neebhiskithi kunye itshizi kunye juice cherry.

Xa oosomajukujuku afunyanwa, yaba iiyure ezine emva touchdown (oku eyanceda eliqaqambileyo-orenji isinyuko ngekhilomitha iparashute moya Owubonayo kubahlali zokuhlala ekufuphi), bazilahla abangenazimpahla zifudumeleyo kunye nokutya, kodwa ukuya nabaqhubi, nabancedi abakwazanga. Ngokuba kuthuthwa ukuba amalungiselelo indawo nomhlaba ntaka. Imithi izicima wafika kunye chainsaws, lise evulekile.

Idol nokholo

Alexei Leonov uthi Sergey Pavlovich Korolov, uMyili iinqanawa isithuba eSoviet, umdali ushishino sithuba kwezenzululwazi kunye noshishino, lomgxeki, cha kunye abagxeki, uthabathe lobomi bakalokunje, kwaye ikamva omnye elimfiliba kuphela oosomajukujuku waba ngaphezu uyise. Waye uthixo wabo.

Kufuneka ke ukuba yiSoviet iziphekepheke ngokwemiqathango kukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko bangcono kakhulu ngeenqanawa okhuphisana '- eUnited States. Ekubeni ilizwe lethu ekuqaleni ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni ngexesha ukuqeqesha moya andabikho oosomajukujuku ezintlanu, ngoxa amaMelika wangcwatywa oosomajukujuku 17. Isizathu sokuba iintlekele zethu - into ebizwa njalo-zabantu. Technology akazange asilele nakanye.

Valentin Bondarenko wafa ngexesha iimvavanyo kuzinzo ngokwasengqondweni phantsi kweemeko zempilo ndedwa. Kwathi Institute of Aerospace Medicine emlilweni ukwigumbi hyperbaric. Vladimir Komarov wabulawa xa utyala - iparashute akazange ukuvula. Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav potter kunye uViktor Patsaev abulawe depressurization wenqanawa ngexesha lokutyala.

flight lwanga

Lo moya yesibini Alekseya Leonova yayiza kubanjelwa e-Juni 1961. Eli qela ibe oosomajukujuku ezintathu - Alekseya Leonova, Valery Kubasova kunye noPetros Kolodin. Nje phambi komhla kokuqala olucwangciselwe lebhodi zonyango wafumana Valery kancinane ukufiphala emiphungeni. Kwagqitywa ukuthumela abasebenzi yogcino. Kuba yangaphambili, kwaba yintlekele: UPetros akazange yabhabhela isithuba, kwaye stand-plugin - ikhefu lucky. inkqubo moya lwenziwa ngokunamathelene-. Xa kwakhona-entry yenzekile ingxaki. Oosomajukujuku ngempazamo wavula uphawu vana.

Inqanawa wenza kwendiza ethambileyo kule ndawo ecwangcisiweyo, kodwa akaba nako ukusindisa abantu. Yaba UViktor Patsaev, Vladislav potter kunye Georgy Dobrovolsky.

flight yesibini

NoAleksei Leonov e isithuba yaba kabini. Lo moya yokuqala zabanjwa ngoMatshi 1965. I indawo evulekileyo Alexei Leonov waphuma kanye. Umbono wakhe - kwisithuba ukuhlala kunye nomsebenzi.

Ixesha Owesibini watyelela apho ngoJulayi 1976. Umsebenzi ukujikeleza yathatha iintsuku ezi-5, iiyure 22, imizuzu engama-30 kunye nemizuzwana 51. Yaba iprojekthi yamazwe ngamazwe. Injongo - Indawo iimodyuli kunye imifuniselo yezenzululwazi. Lathumela isithuba eSoviet "Soyuz-19" kunye Alexei Leonov kunye Valeriem Kubasovym kunye American "Apollo" kunye oosomajukujuku ezintathu - UThomas Stafford, uDonald Slayton kunye phele Brand.

italente opeyintayo ngayo

Ngenxa italente bezobugcisa usomajukujuku bonke abantu bafunde indlela ihlabathi ikhangeleka ngathi ngaphandle ojikeleze umhlaba, kuba ngelo xesha imifanekiso yaveliswa emajukujukwini, kuphela abamnyama nabamhlophe. De kube ngoku, va nokufotwa pheleleyo ethile. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwezinye ngaphandle Emhlabeni ukuba optic isigqibo, uhlobo ze sisasazeke reyi ukukhanya, omnye refraction.

Ukohluka wegcisa Alekseya Leonova kwi yokuba waba phezu canvases bakhe yobunjineli ngqo olunokuveliswa iimpawu zobugcisa technology isithuba kunye isuti ngusomajukujuku. A look elibukhali ngomzobi yintoni imibala ezisegumbini spectrum-mhlaba yesiqalo.

Alexei Arkhipovich inxaxheba ekudalweni izitampu zokuposa kumxholo indawo. Kwimeko nganye kuzo - langoku kunye elizayo ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Bona umdla kakhulu ingqalelo. Thatha ujongo kwi ifoto. Alekseya Leonova bangathathelwa ingqalelo ukuba realist, akwazi ukuqikelela ikamva, ngenxa yoko wayemela, lalingekafiki ngaloo minyaka.

Ubomi Emhlabeni

Alexei Arkhipovich kabini moya emajukujukwini. Yena yawongwa ezimbini njengeenkwenkwezi Hero eSoviet Union, i-Order of uLenin Olubomvu Star kunye neembasa kwilizwe lethu nakwamanye amazwe, yena ngummi yekhethelo amathathu izixeko Russian angaphandle.

A mngxuma yenyanga ogama emva kwakhe, kwakunye umhlaba lo umlaza Libra.

Alexei Leonov, uMajor General Aviation Reserve, wanikela ubomi bakhe yonke. Waphumelela Air Force Engineering Academy. N. E. Zhukovskogo, kuquka izidanga. Alexei Arkhipovich ixesha elide benza kuqeqesho oosomajukujuku kunye noyilo zokusebenza isithuba. Enakho ngophando endle umbono Umbono iimpawu umbala nokukhanya emva vaakelani va, indawo kunye nexesha bezibona isithuba, iingxaki zengqondo ukusaba omncane, kwakunye neminye imisebenzi yenzululwazi kunye zovavanyo.

Utshatile kwaye nentombi enye kunye nabazukulwana ababini.

Ukuqala yesithathu yeminyaka

Okwangoku, cosmonaut Leonov Aleksey Arhipovich ohlala eMoscow. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ngowe-2014, unyaka we-Russian Federation uMongameli Vladimir Putin kunikezelwa kuye Order "Kuba Ukugqwesa» degree III. Ngaloo wamiswa isikhumbuzo le usomajukujuku octogenarian, ngubani ubomi bakhe bonke umsebenzi omninzi echumayo ngenxa ezilungileyo kwilizwe lawo. Uya kusoloko kuhlala kwinkumbulo yethu umntu owenza igalelo elikhulu ukuhlolwa kunye nenzululwazi, kwaye njengomzobi, ukuba abonise abantu kwihlabathi ngaphandle ojikeleze umhlaba. Ubuntu, umzekelo apho kunokwenzeka yaye kuyimfuneko ukufundisa isizukulwana esitsha - kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo Alexei Leonov. ngobomi bakhe aku- umdla. indawo yayo ebonga inokufumaneka kwincwadi A. S. Eliseeva "Ubomi - ukuhla elwandle." Kuso kwakhona bhanya ezininzi iyaqhutywa.