UBernard uBharuki: The Story of wezimali American

Yemali kunye wemali UBernard uBharuki saziwa imali yayo enkulu kunye nempembelelo enkulu kwezopolitiko. Ukuba baphumelele kwi-New York Stock Exchange, waqalisa ukusebenza njengoko umcebisi omongameli US. ubomi bakhe - an bhuqe ezimangalisayo iziganeko kunye izimanga.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Mali oya odumileyo UBernard uBharuki wazalwa ngoAgasti 19, 1870 kwi-US kwisixeko Camden (South Carolina). Weza ndiphuma kusapho oluhlwempuzekileyo yamaYuda. USimon uBharuki wazala oonyana abane, owesibini ngaye yaba Bernard uBharuki. Bantwana, njengokuba ixesha yabonisa, waba zinetalente nzima. UMzalwana le mali oya German elizayo wasebenza njengoko US inxusa eNetherlands kunye Portugal.

Early Iminyaka Bernard Rekonstrutsii kwenzeka kwixesha xa, emva kweMfazwe Civil, eUnited States ezantsi wave zolwaphulo noqhankqalazo abamnyama. Ufuna ekoneni cwaka lentsapho uBharuki wafudukela eNew York. Apha Bernard waya kwanokholeji.

Indawo yokuqala Umsebenzi uBharuki ngo-1890 yaba labathengisi AA Housman & Co. nyaka-amabini mfo yaba gofer, ufumana $ 3 ngeveki. Amanye amathuba self-ekufezekisweni imo yezentlalo kunye nobuzwe akuzange kube lula.

isuka

Njengezinye ngabasebenzi abaninzi, imarike stock uBernard uBharuki weza ngengozi. amava akhe yokuqala yaba yintlekele. Kodwa uBharuki akazange anikezele. Waqalisa ukuboleka imali evela kubahlobo nosapho. Ngaxa lithile, uyise wathi kuye lowo wandithumayo 500 - konke egqithiseleyo ndlu ngosuku olunethayo. Bernard waba ningothuswa kunye nokulinga, waqalisa umsebenzi ekuphenduleni Wall Street.

UBharuki akazange abonela umfanekiso eliqhelekileyo olo tshintshano. Case yena kakhulu ezinkulu: ukwenza izivumelwano yingozi yayihlasela uqikelelo. Iingcali kwi bayonets wathabatha impumelelo yokuqala yale Upstart. Le bhanki wodumo yemali yexesha lakhe, uJohn Pierpont Morgan wacinga uBharuki "ikhadi ezicacileyo." Kuphosakele ukucinga ukuba phantsi kolawulo longxowankulu bonke oosomashishini ndayizuza imali yabo iiglavu ezimhlophe. Hayi mntu uhlambulukile yena JP Morgan. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela apho exhobileyo UBernard uBharuki, kumangaliswa nkqu zorhwaphilizo ezichuliweyo kakhulu kakubi.

Wheeler-umthengisi

Ekubeni imbonakalo yayo phezu moyisi stock exchange elizayo Wall Street wayeka ngoko qhinga ethandwayo zorhwebo. UBharuki akazange wendele iinkampani ezibuthathaka ngeenjongo zokuthengiswa zabo ezilandelayo. Ukongeza, akazange asebenzise nokunyuka ngumntu kwamaxabiso yezabelo zayo. Wemali akuzange, njengoko eqhelekileyo, nge-akhawunti zihlabane zezinto ezibalulekileyo imali eninzi.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko ziniki-maxabiso ngoko baba phezu ukunyuka, le mali oya ngokusebenzayo idlala ukuba ukuwa. Kuba mna, uBernard uBharuki liqulunqe umthetho olula: ". Thengisa uze uthenge kwiziko ubuninzi ku ubuncinane ayikwazi ukuba" Ngenxa yoko, wayesoloko waya kulwa lo mkhuba emarikeni, uthenge xa abaninzi kuthengisiweyo ngazo, kwaye vice versa.

Endleleni eya ubutyebi

Uninzi isimbo uBharuki yayifana indlela enye spy odumileyo Dzhessi Livermora. Aba barhwebi ezimbini ziye zaziwa ukuba ashiye athile emarikeni wamlinda ixesha obungcono kut- zorhwebo. Xa nalamkelayo isigqibo esinzima enjalo ayidluli, uBernard wathi, "Jay, ndicinga lixesha ukudubula partridges." Emva lo mzuzu, wathengisa zonke izikhundla bakhe, waya phezu kwiholide elide kwi elutyalweni yakhe Hobkau Barony eMzantsi Carolina. nezimbuku ezinetyuwa kwaye uyisanti amalwandle amafa lwaphuphuma amadada 17 lamawaka akile kwakungekho ifowuni, ngalo umntu Add New York. Kodwa emva kokuba ukungabikho lide umdlali babuyele istock exchange.

Loo ukuziqambela ngayo UBernard uBharuki kunye Dzhessi Livermor uyingcikivile imigaqo eyamkelekileyo ngabarhwebi, wenza abadumileyo kwanangaphambi kokuba ukuvela oluninzi eyinkunzi. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa ntle upstarts akazange alinde.

I zimali kunye nosomashishini

Waqala ukusuka uBharuki ezantsi efunyenweyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba utyalo-mali lwabo. Omnye izixhobo yokuqala ukuvela inkampani yakhe Texasgulf Inc., ezikhethekileyo iinkonzo kwi olukhula ngokukhawuleza kushishino oyile.

Kodwa ke, njengoko iziganeko ezilandelayo abonisa, i-broker akazange nje inkampani yolawulo. imibongo akhe ahlale urhwebo, yena bachitha ixesha elininzi lichithwe Wall Street. Kakade ngawo 1900. kwikota mali iphela eNew York bayazi ukuba ngubani Bernard uBharuki. Imbali impumelelo yayo ephefumlelweyo abaninzi yaye abaninzi a bogey. Njalo kukho amarhe malunga spy omkhulu karhulumente. Isikali yale nani yaba isikali ngokulinganayo Dzhozefa Kenedi kunye JP Morgan.

"Lone Wolf"

Namhlanje iindlalifa uBernard uBharuki kuhlala iwonga, bambethelela isalamane sabo nimble. Ngowe-1903, eneminyaka engama-33 kutshanje nomthengisi engaziwayo yaba lilungu le-club labantu. indlela yayo yonke anameva kwi-New York Stock Exchange uBharuki ngokupheleleyo yedwa. Wasithanda ukugcina yonke into phantsi kolawulo awaba nako umsebenzi nemibutho. Le mali ebizwa ngokuba 'Ingcuka omnye ka-Wall Street. "

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, imisebenzi yemali Maninzi amahla ndinyuka abanamava Bernard uBharuki. Biography yemali ngumzekelo umntu, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni ayebambelele befuduka ngempumelelo. 1907 uBharuki wakwazi trading ngokuqinileyo ngamazwe M. Hentz & Co., kwaye ibe omdala, waqalisa ukuba bathanda imali oluyeleleneyo ezithengiswayo ethembekileyo.

wenkonzo karhulumente

Ukuba impumelelo ebalulekileyo istock exchange kwaye kwezoshishino, uBharuki waqalisa ukujonga lo mgaqo-nkqubo. Ngowe-1912 wavuma ukuba axhase iphulo ngumongameli uWoodrow Wilson. Foundation for Democratic Party ifumene esuka kakuhle ubonge wamawaka 50 eerandi. Wilson iphumelele ugqatso kunye kubulelwe yemali elimisiweyo kwisebe yokhuselo lwesizwe.

Kwiofisi yayo yokuqala karhulumente UBernard uBharuki, ifoto leyo ukuvela kumaphephandaba kazwelonke, ujamelene engxakini enkulu. Iindibaniso msebenzi zezopolitiko yomsebenzi umsebenzi onzima kakhulu.

Iingxaki kunye nomthetho

Ngelo istock exchange uBharuki waqala ukusola kakubi isikhundla sayo esemthethweni ukufumana ulwazi lwangaphakathi malunga emarikeni. Ngaphezu koko, ngo-1917, le mali otyholwa wokuxela amaxwebhu ngasese. Le abaphandi lugqibe kwelokuba, ukuthatha uncedo isikhundla sakhe, yena ngokungekho efunyenwe malunga nezigidi zeerandi.

Ukuphendula kumabango-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho uBharuki lowu ufumene imali yakhe yokugqibela abathengisi kanye njengoko wenzayo phambi imbonakalo yakhe kwinkonzo karhulumente. Ummeli ke ngakumbi concrete - a spy babanjwe nilahlwe kunye naloo mswane.

Advisor kuMongameli

Njengoko igosa UBernard Mannes uBharuki uxanduva ukwabiwa kwee-odolo zomkhosi. Waza uYesu akuzindulula sele lweenkobe New York Stock Exchange. bayeka Finance ukuthenga nokuthengisa, kodwa baqhubeka nemisebenzi abatyali bakhe, ukuthumela imbalelwano ibe umendo kushishino emkhosini. imali uBharuki zaqhubeka zingena kwiinkampani benza ukuvelisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neembumbulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo inxalenye yobonelelo dollar iphuma kwibhajethi karhulumente kwi-mveliso emkhosini, wahlala epokothweni abakhonzi bakhe clever bakarhulumente. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukeneyo, ixesha ngokoyiswa iJamani yaba umnini uBharuki imo million 200.

Ngowe-1919, iinkokheli iintlanga noloyiso sadibana e Paris Conference Peace. Kwakhona uBharuki waya kwikomkhulu isiFrentshi. Yena wayelilungu US igqiza esemthethweni, elikhokelwa nguMongameli Wilson. Economic UMcebisi wamelana ukhuselo ngokugqithiseleyo eJamani yaye yaxhasa ingcamango uManyano Lwezizwe kwakufuneka ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo.

UBharuki ke le-Great Depression

Vudro Vilson wayeka njengomongameli ngowe-1921. Ujikelezo seNdlu White akukhange kwathintela uBharuki ukuhlala kwi US imeko yezopolitiko. Yena umcebisi kwi uWarren Harding, uHerbert Hoover, Franklin Roosevelt kunye Garri Trumene. Ukulungelelanisa phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini, yemali kuqhubeka ukutyebisa, kusetyenziswa iinkcukacha ngaphakathi kwi imeko imarike. Iindlalifa UBernard uBharuki ukuba wayeya kushiywa ngaphandle penny epokothweni yakho, ukuba kungabi ngenxa yobuciko bakhe ngexesha. Ngomhla olwandulela the Great Depression uBharuki wathengisa zonke izabelo zabo, kwaye imali yafumana inani elikhulu neentambo.

October 24, 1929 US kwiimarike stock hit yokuwa. Imarike yonke Ndothuka kubunzima abezayo ikamva elingaqondakaliyo. Zonke - kodwa hayi Baruh Bernard. Le ncwadi, ebhaliweyo ekupheleni ubomi kuye ngokwakhe, uthi ngaloo mini spy weza New York Stock Exchange, kunye Winston Churchill. Utyelelo wayengekho ngengozi. Finance wayefuna ukubonisa-nkqubo British of ingqiqo yayo umona kwezoqoqosho.

Lwentekelelo igolide nesilivere

Enye ubuqhetseba linengeniso uBernarda Baruha waqalisa nomxokelelwane izenzo zakhe ngowe-1933, xa ukupheliswa umgangatho zegolide eUnited States. Ngexesha ilizwe iminyaka eliqela babehlala lobunzima ezoyikekayo. Yena edubula ngqesho omkhulu kunye imilinganiselo kweenkampani ezinkulu. Kule meko, urhulumente wabhengeza inkululeko jikelele zegolide zabemi. Kutshintshiselwano intsimbi anqabileyo, abantu bafumana imali yephepha.

Ngo-Oktobha 1933, xa inkoliso igolide yadluliselwa uNondyebo, uMongameli Roosevelt babhengeza ukwehla lwemali kazwelonke. Ngoku urhulumente wathenga igolide ngexabiso ukwanda. Zonke ilenze kunye amathuba wokutshintsha khosi wayesazi umcebisi ekufutshane kamongameli Bernard uBharuki. Ucaphula lo ke cinezela ukubonisa ukuba uluntu yaba ngumkhuhlane iinguqu rhoqo olukhulu. Kuphela "Ingcuka elilolo" wakwazi ukusebenzisa kwimeko nganye entsha. Uye imali inxalenye ebalulekileyo-asethi zayo zesilivere ngaphambi nje ukunyuka kwamaxabiso buyout loluntu sentsimbi.

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubomi uBernard uBharuki umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko ngakumbi esasiphezu zemali. Kuqhamko lwe- Second World War, yena baphinda indima umcebisi emkhosini noqoqosho kwabasemagunyeni US. Abatyali wenze igalelo elibonakalayo utshintsho kwinkqubo yerhafu US. Eneneni, ukuba liqalise kwilinge noqoqosho lweli lizwe. Umcebisi Impembelelo lukhulu kangangokuba ngo-1944, uMongameli Roosevelt wachitha ngenyanga ezaziwayo-kakuhle South Karolinska kwilifa lakhe.

UMongameli wada wacebisa uBharuki ukuba intloko iKomiti kwimveliso Military-mveliso. Advisor sele kudala balangazelela ukuba kwesi sikhundla kunye okusemthethweni eceliweyo ixesha loviwo ngugqirha ukuze siqiniseke kwimpilo yabo kwindawo ebalulekileyo kuphela. Noko ke, ngoxa uBharuki elingatsalanga impendulo, omnye umcebisi Roosevelt Harry Hopkins azixhokonxa umongameli ukuba ashiye lo mbono. Ngenxa yoko, kweli playoff umntu wokuqala yarhoxa isicelo sakhe.

"IsiCwangciso uBharuki"

Ngowe-1946, ekuziseni Roosevelt, Truman wamisa uBharuki kwisikhundla sokuba US Ambassador kwikomiti UN onoxanduva kushishino amandla enyukliya. Ngenxa yoko, umcebisi sikamongameli yaziwa kwi USSR ngokubanzi. Isibakala sokuba kwintlanganiso yokuqala Commission uBharuki ecetywayo umlomo izixhobo zenyukliya kwaye wenze umsebenzi phantsi kolawulo umzimba jikelele onke amazwe endle yenyukliya. iphakheji kwamanyathelo yaziwa ngokuba "isiCwangciso uBharuki".

Kwimeko IMfazwe incipient, umba wokhuseleko yenyukliya iye engxamisekileyo. Ukoyika ukuhlasela atomic yayinkulu, kuba nje kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, i-US wazama ezi zixhobo imizi emibini Japanese, ebonisa imiphumo owoyikekayo ngezikrweqe yakutshanje. AmaMelika kunjalo ingqongqo wagxeka inyathelo kwi yesicelo. Stalin akazange afune ukuyeka enyukliya iingalo uhlanga kwaye thiki kubonelelwa, ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ye-United States. "IsiCwangciso uBharuki" akamkeleka. I-UN akazange abe nempembelelo ngokwaneleyo ukuba ndizinyathele iiprojekthi ngamazwe ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zenyukliya.

Ethetha yemfazwe yengqele, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba UBernard uBharuki wanikela ubomi eli binzana, nangona, ngokutsho kwincopho eqhelekileyo lwembono, ibinzana elithi "imfazwe ebandayo" lwaba lolokuqala yi Winston Churchill kwintetho. Emva kokuba ekumeni umsebenzi UN nomcebisi likhulile waqhubeka ukusebenza White House. Wafa ngoJuni 20, 1965 eNew York eneminyaka engama-94.