Foreign Politika Aleksandra 2

Xa wesithathu yokugqibela yenkulungwane 19 Politika Aleksandra 2 asiphumelelanga kakhulu. Ekubulaleni kwi iCrimea War kunye nokudalwa kwenkqubo iCrimea, phantsi kwemiqathango iSivumelwano Paris, buthathaka ukuma Russia kunye nefuthe layo eYurophu. Petersburg kwakungasekho ikomkhulu ozakuzo.

Ngenxa angaphandle akuphumelelanga Politika Aleksandra 2, uluntu sibangelwa Nesselrode. Ke umlawuli wamthumela umhlala-phantsi, kwaye nesithuba nguMphathiswa weMicimbi Foreign wamisela A. M. Gorchakova. umntu osembonweni, ithambekele ekwenzeni izigqibo phantsi Nicholas 1, akazange afumane ukukhuthazwa. Noko ke, amandla akhe isaziso nokwazisa Alexander 2. Umgaqo Foreign ocetywayo yi Gorchakov ngoko nangoko emva kokuba imvume yayo zesithuba, * uKhesare sele sivunyiwe ngokupheleleyo.

Gorchakov Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuvuma ukuba buthathaka kakhulu kwi Okwangoku lizwe ayiqhelileyo imfazwe yaye ngokubhekiselele kuqoqosho. Wanyanzelisa Russia kufuneka ngoku sinikele ingqalelo imicimbi yayo yangaphakathi kwaye ukuba seluxolweni nabanye, ukuba bafune namahlakani ukhuseleko. UMphathiswa wayekholelwa ukuba amazwe Politika Aleksandra 2 akufuneki ukuba isebenze ixesha elithile, kufuneka kwakhiwe ubudlelwane kunye nabamelwane ayo, ithi basondeleyo.

Into yokuqala Gorchakov wagqiba ukulijongela inkqubo iCrimea, siqhelane France. Kwaye isiginci ndawonye macala omabini inkcaso eliqhelekileyo nkqubo Austria. Isiphumo intsebenziswano ye-French kunye Russian waye ukuvela lukarhulumente omtsha - Romania. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba kukho imbambano malunga nobume kuLwandle Black, ezindaweni ezingcwele umbuzo Polish ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe amabini abangazange bafumane uphuhliso ngakumbi.

Emva ukulawula ka-Alexander 2 yalikhanyisa kunye nentshukumo wesizwe zezibonda. unyaka V1861 ePoland umboniso wayesasazekile. Grand Duke uKonstantin Nikolaevich, irhuluneli apho amisiweyo, wayalela usapho A. wielopolski, basebukhosini wengingqi, ukubamba uthotho iinguqu kweli lizwe. Imimiselo bakulungele ukuqhuba iiklasi kwizikolo ngolwimi Polish, ukubuyiselwa University of Warsaw, ngomhla uququzelelo yobomi abalimi. Noko ke, Aleksander Wielopolski babhengeza ukugaywa kwabantu abatsha baya umkhosi ayini kwezopolitiko. Esi sigqibo kwavusa 1863 imvukelo entsha, uhlaselo phezu iinkampu zomkhosi. Angxamisekileyo yasekwa urhulumente sethutyana , bekuxela ukuzimela Poland. nkqubo liyachitha ye Grand Duke iye ayiphumelelanga ngokupheleleyo.

IBrithani France ingqalelo ukuba emva isiganeko bona, banelungelo kuyiphazamisa imicimbi eRashiya. 3 uNapoleon ecetywayo ukubamba kwingqungquthela yamazwe ngamazwe ukunika uxolelo abo bathatha inxaxheba ugwiliko abuyisele siseko Poland. Gorchakov walahla zonke izithembiso wathenjiswa ngenxa yokuba wakholwa Polish umba ibingengomcimbi yangaphakathi of Russia kunye nezifundiswa Russian bemkhalimela ngisho nokubonisana. Ngowe-1864, i mvukelo ePoland kokupheliswa ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye encede le Prussia, leyo utyikitye indibano ne-Russia, elibonelela, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ngaphaya kwemida yawo.

Xa 60s emva kwenkulungwane ye-19 amazwe Politika Aleksandra 2 ijoliswe isisombululo kule ngxaki waseJamani. Ngoku kuye kube yingxaki enkulu kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. O. Bismarck, umlungiseleli-umongameli Prussia, wayefuna ukuwushukuxa lo mba footwork. Russia iye ndimxhase yaye ngowe-1870 phakathi Prussia kunye neFransi, imfazwe. uloyiso Prussia kwakhokelela ekugqibeleni ngozi kwindlela iCrimea, ukudalwa yoBukhosi German ndize ndinqumle imephu eYurophu, ekuweni wolawulo lwe kukaNapoleon 3 kunye nokusekwa kwe-Paris Thethani.

Kodwa akuhlali angaphandle Politika Aleksandra 2 obabulingana umdla eRashiya. Ngokukodwa, kumayelana isibhengezo imfazwe Russian-Turkish ngo-1877. Esi sigqibo umlawuli kwabangelwa yi ekungakwazini ukusombulula ingxaki ngokusebenzisa ozakuzo ingcinezelo Oriental kwaye Slavic kwiinkokeli zeekomiti.