"Soyuz" irula. Launch irula "Soyuz"

Kuba okokuqala rocket "Soyuz" iziphekepheke swi yaphehlelelwa 04/23/1968 ulingelo nge pilot-cosmonaut yayo Vladimir Komarov. Kuyo yonke lo moya yonke uchonga ukungafezeki ezininzi kubume. Iyeza imini emva nosungulo inqanawa wala ukuhlangula inkqubo xa kuqhutywa iyunithi evela orbit. Thumela nge usomajukujuku ngaphakathi phantsi emhlabeni. Xa isiganeko kabuhlungu kangaka waqalisa indlela kwisiphekepheke, leyo kamva waba isithuba ixesha elide. Eli nqaku igxininisa rocket yenethiwekhi "Soyuz".

History of indalo

"Union" liqonga ezintathu-inxelo yokwazisa isithuthi (LV). Uyilelwe ukuba ukuqhuba le Earth komzila iziphekepheke swi "Soyuz", iiyunithi yona "Space".

Inkqubo yokudala 20.05.1954, nesigqibo ukuphuhlisa i enjalo imizili wokuhlolwa. Iinkokeli yenkqubo yophuhliso baba D. I. Kozlov kunye S. P. Korolev. Isiseko rocket intsha "Sunrise" yaye "R-7A". Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-1953.

Kuba ukuvavanywa zonke iimpawu ulwakhiwo isiza uvavanyo yaqala ngo-1955. Kwagqitywa ukuba yenze Kazakhstan kwi kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Tyr-Tam. Namhlanje, iyaziwa yonke le Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Kuphela emva kokudalwa ngempumelelo LV "Vostok", "Voskhod" SP Korolev waqala uphuhliso kwicala entsha ngokupheleleyo ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Yena waqala iziphekepheke swi (SC) kunye umnqongo Orbital ababekhwele. Baleka i PC yaba rocket "Soyuz".

We wadala ngokusekelwe DB yayo "Sunrise". A maxesha ebalulekileyo phantsi ibhloko kweqonga wesithathu. Kuyenzeka ukwandisa iimpawu ngamandla isixhobo.

design

Kuyabonakala ukuba rocket "Soyuz" inemisebenzi ezikhethekileyo kubume. It is kalula iibhloko ezine icala imilo etsobhileyo, ukwakweli kwinqanaba lokuqala.

UMaSukude ixhomekeka kuhlobo PC, kodwa ayidluli isafobe kweemitha 50,67. Ukuqala ubunzima kufuneka iitoni ngaphantsi kwe 308 ezinobunzima elipheleleyo amafutha kuyo 274 yeetoni.

ezibandaknywayo:

• Level 1 iqulathe izomelezi ezine;
• 2 - Le yunithi central "A";
• 3 - i block "B";
• inkqubo ngohlangulo olungxamisekileyo;
• payload kagesi;
• nosecone.

Space irula "Union" uyakwazi ukuqalisa umthwalo ukuya kwiitoni 7.1.

fuel

Kuzo zontathu izigaba rocket babesebenzisa amafutha efanayo. Baya kuphuma jet separafini T-1. Iarhente oxidizing yi ioksijini ulwelo. Asinto ezingenabungozi, kodwa ingozi yomlilo ephakamileyo Uyadubula.

Kuba ukusebenza kweenkqubo abangabancedani luphembelela izixhobo mali minor -nitrogen engamanzi, lo peroxide hydrogen.

ukulungisa YE

Rocket "Soyuz" usinike ukuzalwa kwezinye iinguqulelo zayo:

• "Union-L" - yokuvavanywa umnqongo kwenyanga. It uqala zabanjwa ukusuka Baikonur Cosmodrome ngo-1970-1971 gg.
• "Soyuz-M" - zonke kuphehlelelwa ngokusesikweni lwenziwa ukusuka Plesetsk Cosmodrome ngo-1971-1976 gg. Kuba okokuqala ngoncedo Wayingenisa ebisenqanaweni orbit, waza waqalisa ukusetyenziswa ukubaleka razvedsputnikov Zenith "Orion".
• "Soyuz-U" - kujongwe ukuba baqalise orbit a nobuninzi iziphekepheke (umthwalo swi). Yohluka ukusuka kuyilo ezingundoqo iinjini ezinamandla ngakumbi 1st kunye namanyathelo 2nd. Ngokutsho kwexesha namhlanje ukuba wenza malunga 770 ukuqalisa.
• "Soyuz-2" - uhlobo nenguqulo W. Le projekthi ibizwa ngokuba "Rus".
• "Soyuz-ST" - yasekwa ngenxa yohlobo 2. Inika uqala borhwebo Kourou.

uqala History

Ukususela ngowe-1966 ukuya 1976 yavelisa 32 lokwazisa, apho 30 yaba yimpumelelo. irula Okokuqala yaphehlelelwa 11.28.1966, ngenxa apho wasiwa orbit wenqanawa yaqonda. ixesha lokugqibela rocket "Soyuz", awayezibonakalisa iifoto, lenyuka 14.10.1976 nyaka, sifudukele inqanawa yothutho orbit.

Zonke uqala ayenziwa Baikonur. Ukulungiselela le njongo №1 uqalise pads, №31.

Le launch "Union" yabalasela ziintlekele ezimbini, owokuqala lwenzeka kwi 14.12.1966 ngonyaka. Iingxaki baqala ukulungiselela xa bekusungulwa, xa iyunithi elicala nto yadala pyro. Izixhobo akaphumeleli, rocket waqhubeka emi. De amafutha ezixutyiweyo, kwabangela inkqubo ngohlangulo olungxamisekileyo, nto leyo eye lonke eli xesha isebenza kunye wabukela imeko yenqanawa. Isizathu sokuba kubandakanywe nkqubo yaba kukuba uMhlaba utshintshile kunye ujikelezo ekujikeni, nalo, ukuba indawo rocket. Eli qela ngeli xesha wema emazantsi DB.

Njengenxalenye rocket, abanye phezu komhlaba, wambamba njengesipholisi umlilo. Oku kwakhokelela udubulo ezilandelayo. Abantu abaninzi yakwazi ukuhamba loo ntsimi. Wafa kwangoko Korostylev Major, wayezifihla emva eludongeni yayiminxa nangomsi. Ngosuku lwesibini, wabulala namajoni amabini.

Le ngozi yesibini yenzeke 04.05.1975 ngonyaka. Sihamba zaba PC VG Various and OG Makarov. Benza vaakelani va yesibini. Iingxaki yaqala kwi PC ukuvelisa nezijikeleza, isilawuli esizisebenzelayo wenze lisebe likaxakeka. Xa oku owathunywa ukuphakama 150 km.

Esi sikhephe kwicala kwentaba kufutshane nesixeko saseGorno-Altaisk. Eyisongile phantsi kwentaba bawafikela ummangaliso umthi ikhula ekupheleni kwe eweni. Oosomajukujuku yasinda ngenxa yokuba kudubula akazange enze iparashute. oosomajukujuku bakhutshwe usiwe. moya ngazo imizuzu 21 imizuzwana 27.