Balaklava edabini 1854:. Imbali, izizathu kunye neziphumo

Ukunika umzekelo kwiphulo lomkhosi, ngokuvumelana ngokupheleleyo ukuba ukukhulelwa ithandwayo umkhosi waseBritani kwenkulungwane ye-19, ngokwaneleyo ukuba kubiza Balaklava emfazweni, lwenzeka ngo-1854 ngexesha iCrimea War. Kulula ukucinga ukuba abafana xesha, ukuphulaphula amabali wayemangalisiwe umdla ubuqhawe kwi edabini. Nangentliziyo ukutshona, bona Ndinephupha mini, njengoko abadala, uya kuba nako ukuthabatha indawo yakhe empini nobungangamela bakhe, naphezu kwentloko ngokoyikiswa ukudubula uzuko.

impi Legends

Balaklava ukulwa igcwele imizekelo inkalipho abacimi kunye uloyiso brilliant kweemeko ezingavumiyo, njenge The Thin Red Line, Nkosi Colin Campbell kunye ahlasele onesibindi isicima enzima phantsi umyalelo yinkokheli obalaseleyo emkhosini James Scarlett. Kodwa kwaba wabacimi ukukhanya abakhwele, yokuhlasela lwabo immortalized kumbongo wakhe, nto leyo yaba yinxalenye iintsomi yaseBritani emkhosini, Alfred Tennyson. ibali labo, badibanise oyindumasi nenkalipho zibonwe, sasiyintlekele kwaye imfihlelo engekasonjululwa yemiyalelo ebulalayo beNkosi Raglan sokuhlaselwa.

Izinto ezibangela le iCrimea War

Iimbangi bokwenyaniso i iCrimea War, kuba nazo iingcambu ezendeleyo, kodwa ubukhulu becala zihlobene kokukhatywa urhulumente waseBritani lokwanda Russian. Russia sele kudala salubona KwiiBalkans eYurophu emzantsi-mpuma. Its yebhongo Tsar Nicholas ndabona ngokuwa Turkish Empire ithuba elihle yokuzilungiselela amabango abo. Lokufakwa kweConstantinople inganika Russia ulawulo ngokupheleleyo phezu komnyango noLwandle lweMeditera. Ukuba enqatyisiweyo isiseko yomkhosi e Sevastopol, Russia ange kufunyanwa ngesinqanawa eso sakhe ukufikelela evulekileyo ukuya kuLwandle lweMeditera, yaye kunye nesakhono okuphembelela iindlela zorhwebo zangaphandle, ubukhulu becala IsiNgesi nesiFrentshi. Akumangalisi ukuba umoya ezingazinzanga kwinkulungwane ebalulekileyo yee-19, la mazwe mabini wayezimisele ukuvimba yaphula eseleyo qhinga. Kuphela nzima lwangaphandle kuye kwanyanzeleka eRashiya ukuba bashiye izicwangciso yayo yoqobo likwazi ukumisela ulawulo phezu kwiiBalkans.

imemezele impi

Tsar Nicholas Musa ukuba phakathi kwababambana nomnye lula. Ngowe-1852 yena kwabalandeli eFrance ekunene ukuya kwiqhosha esangweni engundoqo endlwini of the Holy Sepulchre eYerusalem, yeharim ngelo xesha Turkey. Xa sultan Turkish yagqiba ingxabano yabo wakhetha yamaKatolika France, ukumkani wathi imfazwe kwi eTurkey. Kwaye nangona mhlawumbi kwenziwa ukukhusela ukholo Orthodox, oko kwakucaca ukuba imibuzo bokholo lesibini ukuya namabhongo Russian indawo. Imfazwe batshintsha beziindlobongela ngxwelerha ezininzi macala omabini. Noko ke, oku akuzange ungquzulwano lokugqibela phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Ikonsathi sa ekuncedeni wabangxwelerhiweyo kwi ungquzulwano 1877 P. I. Chaykovsky wabhala yakhe edumileyo "Slavic Matshi".

Attack yomkhosi Russian

Britain, Kakade ke, wayekhathazeke kakhulu. Kodwa, eqonda ukuba Russia - utshaba owomeleleyo kakhulu, ukuba abonise ukuzeyisa, umda aselwandle kwimijikelo uLwandle Black. Noko ke, ngoNovemba 30, 1853 Russian wahlasela fleet Turkish kwileveli kufuphi eConstantinople, wabatshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo, ukubulala 4,000 Turks. Xa kwafika iinqanawa British kwaye French kwicandelo lomboniso, akukho ndlela yimbi ngaphandle ngaphandle khona ukuze ahlangule amaxhoba.

Le ndaba yabangela Ndilicukuceze jikelele eBritani. Impassive kule ngongoma eendaba waqalisa sifuna inyathelo. Abalungiseleli Government ummangalelwa koonondaba servility, ubuthathaka kunye nazigqibo. Nangakumbi, lo matshini pilloried Prime Minister.

iincwadi abanjalo impendulo enkulu, mood uluntu litshintshile kakhulu. kwafuneka ukuba enze into ukuze ukunceda shwa Turks wawungqinga umzi. Turkey ngokwalo ngokuba "umntu ogulayo of Europe." Kuphephe iliza omkhulu uluvo loluntu ibe nzima, uze Februwari 28, 1854 urhulumente waseBritani wakhupha el Russia - Aprili 30, ukurhoxisa imikhosi yayo, kungenjalo ndomxelela imfazwe. Le ithuba isisombululo soxolo sele atyeshelwa ngokupheleleyo Tsar Nicholas. Ngenxa yoko, oku kwakhokelela ekuqaleni Imfazwe odumileyo iCrimea kunye Battle of Balaklava ngo-1854 ngokuqinileyo kwimbali yehlabathi.

EFransi UK Alliance

Akuba ekugqibile ne France kwimvumelwano esemthethweni kwi olunxantathu, iBritani waqalisa ukuhlanganisa umkhosi wakhe zokoyisa eRussia. Kakade ke, kukho imfazwe ngokupheleleyo kunye ilizwe elikhulu enjalo eRashiya, akukho mbuzo. Ukususela kanye ekuqaleni kwemfazwe ngo-1854 wabonwa mfutshane isifundo ngqwabalala ngenjongo ukubeka endaweni upstarts Russian. Britain neFransi baye bagqiba ukwenza kwi miba mibini - ulwandle, kwiBaltic, yaye apho, apho isisongelo iphambili ngokomdla wabo - isiseko Russian e Sevastopol, eCrimea. Lo msebenzi kwakungelula. iminyaka Malunga 40 waseBritani uye uxolo, ngaphandle kokungena kwingxabano enkulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo Oku intsebenzo yakhe, nto leyo awusebenzi nesibindi nxaxheba kweli phulo. Kodwa ukusuka kwindawo umbono wolawulo umkhosi waseBritani waba soloko kolawulo ngokwala maxesha.

Ukugaleleka kwemikhosi eManyeneyo kwi usingasiqithi iCrimea

Union butho kumhlaba eCrimea ngaphandle nayiphi na inkxaso impahla: kwakungekho iintente okanye isibhedlela, okanye iinkonzo zempilo, kwaye ke ngoko, onke amathemba eziqhotyoshelwe notshintsho kwimozulu sokuziphatha, isibakala sokuba impi elizayo ukukhulisa umoya. Sizana - 27 amawaka British, French 30 amawaka, 7 amawaka Turks -... Ifikile e Yalta Septemba 14, 1854. Emva koko, umkhosi encedisayo wenza hambo ngenkani esinga kwelasezantsi ku Sevastopol. Ngosuku olulandelayo kwabakho kuqala idabi ezinkulu - i iCrimea War. Battle of Balaklava uya kuba kamva, kodwa umkhosi ngoku encedisayo wahamba lohlaselo ngokuzithemba. Ukuba Iqela elihlaselayo yaye wamangaliswa kukuba e Yevpatoriya ochasayo zange abe luvukelo efanelekileyo, kungekudala kakhulu waqaphela ukuba kutheni.

Dabi Alma River

Elunxwemeni akumazantsi emlanjeni Alma ebalindile, umkhosi Russian. Le nto yabonakalayo ezoyikisayo. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala imikhosi emibini wadibana ubuso ngobuso. Emva kuphela isiqingatha seyure ukuvuma Amanyeneyo ephunyelelweyo uloyiso. Onganyelwe Russian kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele Sevastopol.

Nangona umoya vospryanuvshie amaNgesi ekhululekile, bambalwa kakhulu abantu wayesazi ukuba lo mzuzu kukho isiganeko, nto leyo umiselwe ukuba ube kwindawo lokuguqulwa phulo. Nkosi Lucan Raglan babezama ukweyisela ukuba avumele umkhosi wakhe ukuba uphile Russian layohlala. Kodwa ke wala Raglan. Kunye nenkxaso ye-French, wagqiba ukuhlasela Sevastopol ukusuka ezantsi. Ukuya oku, waqalisa imfazwe ixesha elide yindinisa. ekampini Russian of Sevastopol phantsi Jikelele Kornilov wasebenzisa esi sipho isiphelo waza waqalisa ukomeleza unendima esemqoka. Omnye wemiba ephambili iBritani France ibe umsebenzi ngokubonelela amajoni akhe kunye nokutya, enanikelwayo ngolwandle. Ukulungiselela le njongo kufuneka ukuba zifake kwizibuko anzulu-manzi. Ukhetho bawa phezu Balaklava. Septemba 26 British ayithimba le bay.

Ngaphandle koku, kukho uphazamiseko rhoqo kokuhanjiswa iimveliso. Amanzi yayixubana. Segazi kunye ikholera kwavuka. Kungekudala bonke kunye imincili ebangelwe uloyiso Alma. A nokungabi nathemba obujikeleze ilizwe xa umkhosi, umoya lehla. Kodwa phambi imikhosi emibini walinda isiganeko grand - idabi Balaklava - lokulwa likhulu iCrimea War.

Balaklava emfazweni ka 1854.

October 25 Russian lasungula zimphathe uthwebula Balaklava. Oko yaqala ukulwa edume Balaklava - uloyiso iCrimea eRashiya waqala ngoko nangoko. Ukususela imizuzu yokuqala edabini ukongama imikhosi iye kwicala Russian. Ukuba wahlukile kweli dabi Nkosi Colin Campbell, yona yayakhelayo endaweni amajoni akhe isikwere eqhelekileyo imigca emibini waza wayalela ukuba alwe ukuya wokugqibela. hussars ayehlasela kumangaliswa gqitha kukubona indlela utshaba kolu lwakhiwo engaqhelekanga kubo. Engazi ukuba asabele njani, abayeka. amaqhawe Scottish kudala azakubalulwa nesibindi kwandile. Ngoko ke, inxalenye amajoni ngethuku lemvelo wabalekiselwa yotshaba. Kodwa Campbell wayesazi ukuba oku ijike ibe lentlekele, waza wayalela loo majoni ukuba umsindo ulangazelelo lwakhe. Kwaye kuphela xa amahashe Russian waba phakathi ethu, wayalela ukuba ukuvula umlilo.

I imvula yokuqala utshaba udimazekile, kodwa zange ayeke ukuhlasela. Ngenxa yoko, ivolibholi amahashe yesibini okudodobalisa wajika ukuya ekhohlo. A ivolibholi lesithathu ephangweni ekhohlo wenza hussars baleka. Le sengqondo abacimi yaba izithuthi ngcembe yaye yaziwa ngokuba The Thin Red Line. awuphelelanga apho Balaklava edabini. Bekhuthazwa impumelelo 93rd webutho, phantsi umyalelo amajoni Campbell phantse ngetshova yokuphumula Russian. Balaklava imfazwe yaphela ngumnqobi phezu British.

Ekubulaleni umkhosi encedisayo

Noko ke, Russian yaye akazange acinge ukuba bangayeki. kwiiyure nje enye enesiqingatha emva kokoyiswa kwi Idabi Balaclava, baye bahlangana kunye kwakhona bagidime baxhoba. A umhla owaqala kakuhle kangaka amaNgesi, yaphela kwintlekele. Russian kutshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo ukuKhanya Brigade, abamba umpu Sandixhasa yinxalenye eziphakamileyo. I-British obenokusibonisa kuphela phezu ngokulandelelana badlala ngamathuba kunye nokungaboni. Balaklava kwedabi-Oktobha 25, 1854 yaphela ne uloyiso ngokungagungqiyo umkhosi Russian.