Bonke abalawuli eRashiya ukusuka Rurik ukuya Putin ngokulandelelanayo

History of Russia engaphezu kwewaka leminyaka, kanye phambi kokufika karhulumente kwi territorrii yayo babehlala izizwe ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. ixesha desyativekovoy lokugqibela angohlulwa ngezigaba eziliqela. Bonke abalawuli Russian ukusuka Rurik ukuya Putin - abantu aba oonyana oyinyaniso neentombi zaphawula zabo.

Izigaba ephambili yembali kuphuhliso Russia

Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa kakhulu lula kucalulo onjalo:

- Ibhodi i Prince of Novgorod (862- 882 iminyaka);

- ibhodi yenkulu Omkhulu Kiev (882- 1263 iminyaka);

- Ibhodi Abathetheli Vladimir (1157- 1425);

- ubulawuli Greater Moscow (1283- 1547);

- ixesha ookumkani kunye nabalawuli (ukususela 1547 ukuya 1917);

- ixesha eSoviet (1917 - 1991);

- omongameli kufuneka akhwele (1991 ukunikela).

Olu uhlobo kuninzi kuthi, ukuba umfundi lowo engenamandla kwimbali lizwe. Iimpawu abalawuli Russian ye yothuba elithile ixhomekeke kakhulu era lwabo mihla. Amaxesha aliqela ushintshele dislocation amaziko eziphambili kwezopolitiko yaseRashiya. De 1547 eRashiya yayilawulwa abathetheli, ngoko waqalisa ixesha karhulumente monarhizatsii, okubuhlungu kukuba yaphela ngo-1917. Phantse kwinkulungwane XX lonke yabalasela sokulawula unaphakade uqoqosho lwe Communist Party, kwakunye ukuvela geqe elalisakuba yiSoviet Union entsha.

Ubalo ngabalawuli Russian ukususela 862 de ekuqaleni eqhekekileyo (Great Novgorod naseKiev ubulawuli)

Iziphumo isssledovany izinto zembali eli xesha ukuvumela ukuba ukufumana umyalelo wabathetheli bahlalise ngamandla. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba ukuseka umhla yeBhodi abalawuli Russian kwixesha. Ngoko ke:

- Rurik walawula ukusuka 862 ukuya kwiminyaka 879;

- Lesiprofeto Oleg waba ngamandla ukususela 879 ukuya kwiminyaka 912;

- Igor waba career umthetheli emva kweminyaka 33 ubudala, wabulawa kunyaka 945;

- Olga, Grand Princess (945- 964);

- Prince njengegorha Svyatoslav (unyana Igor ne-Olga) imithetho iminyaka 8 phambi kokufa kwakhe edabini;

- Jaropolk Svyatoslavovych (972- 980);

- Baptist of Rus , Vladimir Red Sun (980- 1015);

- Yaroslav Mudry (1016- 1054);

- ukususela 1054 de 1068 xa ngamandla Izyaslav Yaroslavovich;

- ngo 1068 nge-1078 iminyaka, uluhlu abalawuli eRashiya bakhulu ngamagama ezininzi (Vseslav Bryachislavovich, Yaroslavovich Izyaslav, Svyatoslav kunye Vsevolod Yaroslavovich, ngowe-1078, kwakhona imithetho Izjaslav Yaroslavovich)

- 1078 kwaphawulwa ukuba Ukuzinziswa kwezopolitiko, imithetho 1093 Vsevolod Yaroslavovich;

- Sviatopolk Izyaslavovich waba phezu kwetrone ukususela 1093 iminyaka 1113;

- Vladimir, uWele Monomakh (1113- 1125) - omnye weenkosana ngeyona Kievan Rus;

- ngoko 7 iminyaka etroneni, wayengunyana ka-Monomaha Mstislav Vladimirovich;

- ukususela 1132 ukuya 1139 abasemagunyeni ukuba Jaropolk Vladimirovich.

Bonke abalawuli eRashiya ukusuka Rurik ukuya Putin, owayephila yaye walawula ngeli xesha kwaye ukusa kwixesha langoku, umsebenzi ophambili kubonwa ukuchuma lizwe kunye nokomeleza indima lizwe kwibala yaseYurophu. Enye into kukuba ngamnye wahamba indlela yakhe injongo, ngamanye amaxesha ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ababengaphambi yayo.

Ixesha lokuqhekeka Kievan Rus

Izihlandlo eqhekekileyo feudal notshintsho Rus kwi itrone enkulu njengenkosana baba rhoqo. Namnye wabaphathi Akazange ashiye uphawu kakhulu kwimbali weRashiya. Phakathi kwinkulungwane XIII Kiev weza nokwehla ngokupheleleyo. Worth ukukhankanya nje iinkosana kwabambalwa walawula ngenkulungwane XII. Ngoko ukususela 1139 ukuya 1146 inganga of Kiev Vsevolod Olgovich. Ngowe-1146 xa eqeqesha seeveki ezimbini oko Igor yesibini, kulandelwa yiminyaka emithathu imithetho Izjaslav Mstislavovich. De 1169 etroneni njengenkosana ixesha kutyelela abantu abafana Vyacheslav Rurikovich, Rostislav of ESmolensk, Izyaslav Chernigovsky uYuri Dolgoruky, Izyaslav wesithathu.

lihamba Capital uVladimir

Ngexesha ekumisweni feudalism emva baseRashiya waphawulwa ziimpawu ezininzi:

- ukuba buthathaka bamandla Kiev yenene;

- kukuvela kwamaziko ezininzi yimpembelelo, leyo akhuphisana omnye komnye;

- impembelelo okukhulayo izinduna.

Ngomhla kummandla Russia kwafika amaziko ezimbini ezinkulu yimpembelelo: Vladimir kunye galich. Galich - yeyona ibalulekileyo ngelo xesha iziko kwezopolitiko (ibekwe yintoni na ngoku Western Ukraine). Kunika umdla ukuhlola uluhlu abalawuli Russian, owayelawula Vladimir. Ukubaluleka eli thuba lembali usaza kufuneka ukuvavanya abaphandi. Kakade ke, ixesha Vladimir kuphuhliso Russia akazange elide kangaka nje eKiev, kodwa emva kokuba iqala ukuyilwa monarchic weRashiya. Cinga umhla ebhodi yabalawuli Russian ngelo xesha. Kwiminyaka yokuqala yesi sigaba kuphuhliso abalawuli eRashiya batshintsha kaninzi ngokwaneleyo, kukho uzinzo, eya kuvela kamva. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-5 ngamandla ngamanene Vladimir ezifana:

- Andrew (1169- 1174);

- Vsevolod, nyana ka-Andrew (1176- 1212);

- George Vsyevolodovitch (1218- 1238);

- Yaroslav, unyana Vsevolod (1238- 1246);

- Alexander (Nevsky), inkokeli omkhulu wamajoni (1252- 1263);

- Jaroslav III (1263- 1272);

- nguDmitry of I (1276- 1283);

- nguDmitry II (1284- 1293);

- Andrei Gorodetsky (1293- 1304);

- Michael "Ungcwele" yaseTver (1305- 1317).

Bonke abalawuli Russia emva ikomkhulu wafuduselwa eMoscow phambi kookumkani yokuqala

Ukutshintshelwa capital Vladimir Moscow kwazo malunga ingqamana ekupheleni kwexesha feudal ukuqhekeka Rus kunye nokomeleza iziko impembelelo engundoqo yezopolitiko. Uninzi Abathetheli etroneni elide ngaphezu abalawuli thuba Vladimir. Ngoko ke:

- Prince Ivan (1328- 1340);

- isidoda Ivanovich (1340- 1353);

- Ivan Krasny (1353- 1359);

- Aleksey Byakont (1359- 1368);

- nguDmitry (Don), inkokeli ezaziwayo-kakuhle (1368- 1389);

- Vasily (1389- 1425);

- Sofya Litovskaya (1425- 1432);

- Vasiliy Temny (1432- 1462);

- Ivan Iii (1462- 1505);

- Vasily Ivanovich (1505- 1533);

- Elena Glinska (1533- 1538);

Leminyaka ukuya 1548 kwimbali eRussia ngexesha enzima, xa imeko enjalo ukuba ubukhosi njengenkosana okunene zaphulwe. Kwakukho ixesha zazimi ngxi ndaweninye, xa ngamandla kwakukho kartel entsapho.

Kings nokulawula eRashiya: ekuqaleni ezasebukhosini

Ababhali-mbali baye amaxesha amathathu yembali yophuhliso yookumkani Russian:
ngaphambi kokuba eze kwetrone Petra Velikogo, ubukumkani uPetros Great nasemva kwayo. Umhla yeBhodi abalawuli Russian ukususela 1548 ukuya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII zezi:

- Ivan abangcangcazelisi (1548- 1574);

- isidoda Kasimovsky (1574- 1576);

- kwakhona, Ivan Grozny (1576- 1584);

- Theodore (1584- 1598).

Fedor ukumkani akabanga iindlalifa, ngoko ke indlu Rurik lwaphazamiseka. iminyaka 1598-1612 - enye maxesha anzima kwimbali yelizwe lethu. Nabaphathi indawo phantse unyaka wonke. Ukususela ngo 1613 leliya lizwe Romanov ubukhosi:

- uMikayeli, ummeli yokuqala Romanov Dynasty (1613- 1645);

- Alexis, unyana umlawuli lokuqala (1645- 1676);

- Theodore A. weza kwetrone 1676 kunye nemigaqo emi-6;

- Sophia, udade wabo, kulawula 1682 ukuya 1689.

Kwinkulungwane XVII eRashiya, ekugqibeleni, oko kwaba uzinzo. Ukomeleza amandla engundoqo, ngokuthe ngcembe siqale utshintsho ezakhokelela ukuba iRussia ikhule ngokwendawo laza lafumana amandla, kwafika ukuze ziqwalaselwe amagunya elihamba. Adunyiswe utshintsho kwimilo likarhulumente bobabo omkhulu Russian Tsar Peter I (1689-1725), nto leyo nayo umlawuli wokuqala.

Abalawuli of Russia emva kokuba uPetros

ebudeni bolawulo Petra Velikogo - eli nokugqama karhulumente Russian, xa bukhosi yafumana ubuciko bayo ezomeleleyo yazinyaswa umkhosi. Bonke abalawuli Russian ukusuka Rurik ukuya Putin, waqonda ukubaluleka imikhosi exhobileyo, kodwa wanikwa kancinane ukuqonda ikhono elikhulu eli lizwe. Into ebalulekileyo xesha umgaqo-nkqubo ndlongo amazwe ka eRashiya, nto leyo wabonakaliswa ukulawula ubundlobongela yeendawo ezintsha (Russian-Turkish imfazwe, iphulo Azov).

Ubalo ngabalawuli Russian ukususela 1725 ukuya 1917 imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- Catherine Skavronskaya (1725-1727);

- Peter II (kwabulawa 1730);

- Queen Anne (1730-1740);

- Ivan Antonovych (1740-1741);

- Catherine P. (1741-1761);

- Peter F. (1761- 1762);

- n Velikaya (1762- 1796);

- Pavel Petrovich (1796- 1801);

- Alexander I (1081-1825);

- uNicholas I (1825-1855);

- Alexander II (1855 - 1881);

- Alexander III (1881-1894);

- Nicholas II - wokugqibela Romanovs, ilawulwa de 1917.

Ngeli xesha, yaphuma uphuhliso enkulu kweli lizwe, xa ngamandla kwakukho ookumkani. Emva kokuba October Revolution, kukho umyalelo wezopolitiko omtsha - kwiriphabliki.

Russian ngexesha leSoviet kwaye emva ukuwa kwayo

Iminyaka yokuqala embalwa emva kokuba revolution kwakunzima. Phakathi wabaphathi beli xesha zingahlukaniswa Aleksandra Fedorovicha Kerenskogo. Emva kokubhaliswa ngokomthetho i-USSR njengelizwe de 1924 bamrholela ilizwe Vladimir Lenin. Emva koko, lo maxesha ngabalawuli Russian ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- Dzhugashvili iosif Vissarionovich (1924-1953);

- Nikita Khrushchev wayengumbhali wokuqala Communist Party emva kokufa kukaStalin de 1964;

- Z Brezhnev (1964- 1982);

- Yuriy Andropov (1982- 1984);

- uKonstantin Chernenko, uNobhala Jikelele Communist Party (1984-1985);

- uMikhail Gorbachev, uMongameli wokuqala we-USSR (1985-1991);

- Boris Yeltsin, intloko ye-Russia ezimeleyo (1991-1999);

- intloko yangoku karhulumente Putin - kaMongameli Russia ukususela 2000 (nge break emi-4, xa urhulumente elikhokelwa nguDmitry Medvedev)

Ngubani ke-Russian abalawuli?

Bonke abalawuli eRashiya ukusuka Rurik ukuya Putin, owayekade ngamandla ngenxa yonke imbali ngaphezu kwewaka ngonyaka-yombuso - lo namaqhawe ahloniphekileyo, owayenqwenela nempumelelo onke amazwe lizwe. Inkoliso yabalawuli kwakungafanelekanga random kulo kunzima, yaye wenza zonke igalelo kuphuhliso kunye nokusekwa Russia. Good kunye nentlalo-ntle bakhe, Kakade ke, njengazo zonke abalawuli Russian: amandla ephambili isoloko ngqo ekomelezeni imida, ukwandiswa zorhwebo, esomeleza khono wokhuselo.