GDR National Abantu Umkhosi

GDR (German Democratic Republic) - yimeko imi kumbindi aseYurophu, yaye yathatha ukususela ngowe-1949 ukuya 1990. Kutheni eli xesha zigxile kwimbali? Oku koko siza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku.

A engencinane ngayo GDR

Ikomkhulu GDR waba eBerlin. Lo mmandla kuhlale 6 mihla federal States zaseJamani. GDR ngokomyalelo bolawulo yahlulelwe kwii ariya komhlaba kwimimandla yasezidolophini. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba Berlin kange lifakwe nayiphi na 6 ilizwe yaye iwonga.

Ukudalwa impi GDR

GDR Army wadalwa ngo-1956. Kwakugcwele iintlobo ezintathu yongungelwano: Army, Navy kunye Air Force. November 12, 1955 uRhulumente isaziso nokudalwa Bundeswehr - Armed Forces Federal Republic of Germany. Januwari 18 kunyaka olandelayo, iye yavunywa ngokusesikweni yi-uMthetho "Ngomhla Ukusekwa koMlawuli weSizwe People Umkhosi kunye nokusekwa kwe-Ofisi yoMphathiswa lezoKhuselo National." Kulo nyaka siye saqalisa ukusebenza izinti ezahlukeneyo, ilawulwe kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa, kwaye yokuqala sub-NPA wathabatha isifungo emkhosini. Ngowe-1959, i-Military Academy ivula Engels, apho abantu abatsha bayaqeqeshwa inkonzo elizayo. Yena waba negalelo ukuyilwa kwento umkhosi owomeleleyo kakuhle, njengoko inkqubo yoqeqesho babecinga ukuba le nkcukacha zincinane. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba kude 1962 umkhosi GDR zizizalise engqesho.

Ubume bale GDR zaye zabandakanywa Saxon kunye namazwe Prussia abefudula ahlala amaJamani kakhulu izilwi. Yaba ukuba ngoobani into yokuba i-NPA waba namandla ngok-likhula. Prussians kwaye amaSaxons ngokukhawuleza bafudukela esebenzisa izintlu, elifumileyo kwizikhundla zokuqala amagosa ophakamileyo, uze uthatha phezu ulawulo NPA. Kwakhona, bazazi ingqeqesho emveli amaJamani, uthando nemicimbi zomkhosi, amava abatyebileyo ubuchwepheshe Prussia zomkhosi zihambile emkhosini, kuba yonke into eyenziwa kwisixa GDR umkhosi phantse gidi.

umsebenzi

GDR umkhosi waqalisa umsebenzi ngo-1962, unyaka ePoland East Jamani ke odla yokuqala lwaqhutywa, kuquka amajoni evela Polish kunye icala Soviet. 1963 esicaciswe enkulu-isikali umthambo zomkhosi ebizwa ngokuba "abacula", apho kwakukho i-NPA, Polish, Czechoslovak namabutho Soviet.

Nangona inani yomkhosi GDR yaba abadani umxhelo, yaba umkhosi isebenzayo kulo lonke Western Europe. Amajoni wabonisa iziphumo ezibalaseleyo, nto leyo kakhulu wayama izifundo Academy of Engels. Abo abazibandakanya umkhosi umvuzo, abaqeqeshwe kuzo zonke izakhono kwaye babe izixhobo ezinamandla lokubulala.

imfundiso

GDR National Abantu Umkhosi waba imfundiso yaso, eyathi yaqulunqa manual. Imigaqo-siseko yombutho yomkhosi ngokusekelwe kuphika zonke postulates zonke ubumfazwe Prussia-German. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo mfundiso ukomeleza imikhosi yokhuselo yokuzithethelela inkqubo yali kweli lizwe. Ngokwahlukeneyo, wakugxininisa ukubaluleka ngentsebenziswano imikhosi kumazwe yali sethi.

Nangona komphefumlo omkhulu kaRhulumente, i-National Abantu Umkhosi of the GDR ayikwazanga angalahluli ngokupheleleyo zonke amatyathanga izithethe omkhosi German Classic. Army ngokuyinxenye benza amasiko amahasa sabasebenzi kunye ixesha yeemfazwe Napoleonic.

UMgaqo-siseko ka-1968 yathi i-National Abantu Umkhosi of the GDR yenzelwe ukukhusela ummandla kurhulumente, yaye abemi baso nokungena zangaphandle kwamanye amazwe. Ukongeza, kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukuba yonke imikhosi baya kuphoswa kukhuselo nasekomelezeni lorhulumente wenkqubo yobuSoshali. Ukuba kulondolozwe amandla alo umkhosi ligcina links olusondeleyo kunye nezinye wemikhosi.

amazwi wokwamanani

GDR umkhosi kazwelonke 1987 kwakukho amajoni 120 lamawaka. Umkhosi umkhosi ground yayibandakanya 9 VOP regiments inkxaso air kwithala 1, 2 nomkhosi anti-10 zokudubula regiments, njl izixhobo umkhosi GDR leyo ezaneleyo, yoyisa ukukwazi ukulungisa izixhobo zabo, intsebenziswano kunye nendlela olunovelwano Committe utshaba.

uqeqesho

Uqeqesho lamajoni kwelo amagosa omkhosi ephakamileyo, abo batyelela phantse kubo bonke abantu abatsha. Udumo Special Sakuvuyela ngaphambili okhankanywe Academy Engels, nto ezo iingcali. Ngo-1973, umkhosi yi-90% yayiquka abalimi kunye nabasebenzi.

Ubume yomkhosi

Kummandla iJamani yahlulwa izithili ezimbini zomkhosi, owayephethe the People Umkhosi of the GDR. Kwikomkhulu kwisithili kubekwe eLeipzig Neubrandenburg. Kananjalo ndawumisa nabo yaba yalila ngompu eyahlukileyo nto leyo ifakiwe na kwisithili nye, nganye ezazikade division ezizimoto ezimbini, izicima enomjukujelwa 1 no-1 kwicandelo vehicles.

iiyunifomu impi

EMpuma Jamani, nomkhosi lowo ifom kunye stand-up enekhola ebomvu. Ngenxa yoko, wathi igama elithi "canaries." Nomkhosi wayethwele inkonzo phambi GB. Kungekudala, kwavela umbuzo wokudala iifomu zakho. Kwathi ke, kodwa kakhulu kufana imilo ngamaNazi. ngexa kaRhulumente kukuba warehouses kufuneka inani ezinjalo, wayenxiba imveliso yawo lusekiwe kwaye ayifuni ungenelelo. Isizathu sokuba zokwamkelwa uniform ngakumbi emveli kukuba saseGDR akazange abe utyalo-mali enkulu yemali. Kwakhona, kugxininiswa into yokuba xa umkhosi yabantu, le fom kufuneka oko enxulumene namasiko abantu sabasebenzi.

Imilo yomkhosi GDR waphefumlela uloyiko esikhohlakeleyo ezinxulumene amaxesha udushe. Imbali isixelela ukuba xa ePrague watyelela band wamajoni, isiqingatha Czechs basaba kumacala ahlukeneyo ukubona imilo ijoni ne-ntloko kunye eziethe iirholithi.

GDR elinobukroti, iyunifom akazange kwahluka i ngokuphuma enkulu, waba yombala umahluko ngokukhawuleza. Ukukhonza wenqanawa awayeyinxiba nangeengubo. Le nkonzo Air Force wayambethe umbala ukukhanya-blowu, kunye ukuzithethelela umoya namabutho enomjukujelwa anti-moya banxiba iyunifom ukukhanya-hina. Umkhosi Umda kufuneka banxibe umbala oluhlaza oqaqambileyo.

Uninzi yonke, iyantlukwano umbala esibonakaliswa iyunifomu yomkhosi Army. Zokudubula, ukuzithethelela umoya kunye enomjukujelwa abantu babenxiba iimpahla lwezitena ezibomvu, motorized - ezimhlophe, bafikela - orange, kunye zokwakha emkhosini - kumnquma. inkonzo bakhulise umkhosi (iyeza, ubulungisa yomkhosi kunye neNkonzo zeMali), enxibe iphetshana eliluhlaza emnyama.

ngubo

Equipment Army of the GDR kwakunzima kakhulu. Ukunqongophala kwezixhobo phantse yayingekho, njengoko eSoviet Union ekubonelelwe inani elikhulu izixhobo zomkhosi mihla ngexabiso elifikelelekayo. Kakhulu yaye nezisasaziweyo kwi GDR baba shotgun sniper. Ezingeyomfuneko Ministry of Security State of the GDR wenza umyalelo nokudalwa izixhobo ezinjalo ukomeleza indawo amaqela anti-abanqolobi.

Army eCzechoslovakia

GDR umkhosi ihlasela eCzechoslovakia ngowe-1968, yaye ukususela ngoko waqalisa ixesha okubi ngenxa Czechs. Lihlaselwe kwenzeka ngoncedo imikhosi onke amazwe ilungu Warsaw Pact. Injongo umsebenzi ummandla kurhulumente, kwaye isizathu - kubangelwa uthotho iinguqu, leyo yaziwa ngokuba "Prague Spring". Yazi inani ngqo lwamaxhoba kunzima kuba ezininzi noovimba ahlale ivaliwe.

umkhosi GDR kaThixo eCzechoslovakia abangela isiyaluyalu egazini ebandayo, yaye ezinye ugonyamelo. Kuzibonela zeziganeko bakhumbula ukuba amajoni yaba bantu ngaphandle ziimvakalelo, ngaphandle ukunikela ingqalelo abagulayo, bancwine abahlatyiweyo kunye nabantwana. izothuso Mass nokoma asifanelekanga - le ndlela uyakwazi ukuchaza imisebenzi of the People Umkhosi. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, abanye abathathi-nxaxheba bathetha iziganeko umkhosi Russian akazange azinazo naziphi na iimpembelelo abendlu ka-GDR cwaka baye banyamezela ukuxhatshazwa Czechs ngokwemiyalelo umyalelo ophezulu.

Ukuba ngaba uthathe ingqalelo imbali esemthethweni, iba umdla kukuba ngokutsho kweminye imithombo umkhosi GDR iye yaziswa waya kummandla iCzechoslovakia yaba imida karhulumente. Inkohlakalo GDR umkhosi kazwelonke ukufumana izizathu, kodwa kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ntshikilelo ngengqondo, lidiniwe ukuzibek 'ityala apho amaJamani waya ePrague. Umbuzo malunga uninzi lweziganeko zokusweleka, kwakunye bangaphi kubo kwiingozi ngenene, igcina ingaziwa.

Ukubunjwa Navy of the GDR

Izithuthi yomkhosi wamanzi yomkhosi GDR yaba yeyona onamandla onke amazwe encedisayo USSR. Anakho iinqanawa mihla ukuba wangena ngo 1970-1980. Ngelo xesha kwenzeke German lwaphela kuye iinqanawa 110 kunye neempahla zenkxaso 69. Baye injongo eyahlukileyo, ngexesha yagqabhuka mihla ifakwe. Iinqanawa zakhiwa shipyards kazwelonke kweUSSR kunye Poland. I-Air Force kwafuneka zokulenza 24 zixhotyiswe nge-ntaka. Abasebenzi Navy wayelingana abantu malunga-16 amawaka.

Esinamandla inkoliso iinqanawa 3 zakhiwe kwi Zelenodolsk zalapho kwi USSR. Xa umkhosi GDR yaba iklasi ekhethekileyo iinqanawa, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo imilinganiselo compact kakhulu.

Imisebenzi emva kokuba ubunye Germany

Oktobha 3, kwenzeka 1990 yokuhlanganisa waseJamani. Ngelo xesha, inani Army of the GDR ulingana nabantu phantse 90 amawaka. Ngokutsho kwezinye yezizathu zezopolitiko, nomkhosi owomeleleyo enkulu ngokwaneleyo aye ohlulwa. Amagosa kunye namajoni eziqhelekileyo azikhange zikhunjulwe emkhosini, yaye yezikhundla zabo edliwe. Abasebenzi kancane zachithwa. Ezinye yasemkhosini akwazi ukubuyela Bundeswehr, kodwa kukho kuphela kwizikhundla-kwinqanaba elisezantsi.

Xa kuthathwa bengafanelekanga emkhosini yomkhosi entsha, kunokwenzeka nangoku ukufumana incazelo enengqondo. Baye bakhuliswa ngendlela ethile, kuko kuye bekuchasa iinjongo Germany enobunye. Isimanga, ukuba urhulumente omtsha ugqibe ukuthengisa okanye alahle kwezixhobo ezininzi emkhosini. Iinkokeli Germany ngokubonakalayo afune abarhwebi abazizityebi ukuze bathengise izixhobo kodwa ngaphezulu mihla. Of iinqanawa bafudukela wenqanawa Indonesian.

Urhulumente US unomdla kakhulu ubuchule yiSoviet yaseJamani wakhawuleza ukuya kuthenga ezinye yona ngokwabo. Umdla omkhulu savuswa esikhepheni, enanikelwayo kwi US Navy Research Center kwisixeko kaSolomon. Ngaphezu kokuba kwenziwe ubunzima uphando, yaye ngaloo ndlela ke Abakhi otsenon kakhulu yaseMelika. Ngenxa yoko, oko yathatyathwa ukuba ezinjalo PKA amele isisongelo nangakumbi United States Navy.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, wawungeyonqanawa olunye National People Umkhosi zange zifakwe Navy united Jamani. Kweli bali yaphela Navy of the GDR, iinqanawa enokufumaneka kumazwe ahlukeneyo 8.

ukuphoxeka

Emva kokuba ubunye eJamani, eli lizwe bevuya, kodwa amawaka kwamagosa of the People eyayisakuba Army basala ukuze bazibonele ngokwabo. GDR umkhosi photo linikwa kwi nqaku, ndandididekile, badane kunye nobubi. Kuphela nje, amajoni amelwe elite yoluntu, kodwa ngoku baye ligwebu lentsimbi nonke niphela, leyo akazange afune ukuba bathathe lo msebenzi. Kungekudala, eli lizwe kunye sabantu silidle waqonda ukuba kukho na ubunye yeJamani, kwaye ukufakwa kanye ummelwane yasentshona.

Ababesakuba idle line zomkhosi ngenxa ukutshintshiselana ukufumana nawuphi na umsebenzi ukuze ukuzondla bona kunye neentsapho zabo. Bonke abasebenzi baye bafumana (kunye gaba ngokuhla) loMthetho GDR emva kokuba ubunye, ukuba ucalucalulo kunye nokuthotywa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi.

inkqubo Rank

Ezintlwini inkqubo NPA liqulethe nakumfuzelo Wehrmacht. Ezintlwini nomfuziselo ziye uhlaziywe malilungiselelwe inkqubo eSoviet Army, njengoko abasakhasayo yawo yahlukile German. Ngokuhlanganisa iinkqubo ezimbini, umkhosi GDR udale into olulolwabo. Iinjengele ohlulwa aba-4 isikhundla Marshal of the GDR, Jikelele Army, Colonel-Jikelele kunye uLieutenant General. Amagosa wayebunjwa colonels, colonels sombutho, majors, abathetheli kunye neerhuluneli. Okulandelayo waya amagosa yesigunyaziso candelwana, Awaxela kunye namajoni.

GDR National Abantu Umkhosi yaba namandla ukuba wayengenakuyijika kakhulu indlela yembali ehlabathini. Isiphetho kwaba ukuba amajoni khange thaca ityala ukubonisa zonke amandla akhe, njengoko athintele ubunye eJamani, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni sokonakalisa ngokupheleleyo NPA.