Skeleton yezihlunu - usinga. Biology imisebenzi yayo kunye nokubaluleka

Imisebenzi yenkxaso lomzimba ukukhusela amalungu angaphakathi izilwanyana mazenziwe ngeendlela ezimbini. Kwimeko yokuqala, amathambo ongaphandle - Shell. Le nto ndiyibhalayo ngechitin; kuba amandla nangakumbi buzane iityuwa calcium, phosphorus okanye lesilicon. Intlanzi, izigcawu, amangolwane, izinambuzane - zizilwanyana shell wabiza ezingenamqolo. Elinye iqela zezilo ngexesha embryogenesis wakha skeleton lwangaphakathi, nto leyo yenza Isingqi indima.

Biology ichaza inkangeleko yayo ngenxa inkqubo organogenesis - ukuyilwa kwento oluntsonkothileyo amalungu yezihlunu. Oku kuquka uvaleke, amathumbu kunye Isingqi. Ukwenzeka ngentambo elastic nokuqina ukuya neurula nqanaba Umbungu olubalaseleyo zombini abantu kunye nezilwanyana ziphantsi lihamba Uhlobo. Makhe sihlolisise le nkqubo ngokweenkcukacha, kwakunye ukucacisa indima asemzimbeni yezihlunu ku lomqolo.

Yintoni usinga eziphilayo?

Ukuzimisela yale nxalenye ye umbungu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kuba notochord unsegmented eliquka kwithishyu ilastiki nokuqina. Kuyinto njengesakhi esibalulekileyo kwi embryogenesis yezilwanyana ezifana chordal. Bookmark Isingqi kwenzeka phantsi uvaleke lwegciwane chordomesoderm ethatyathwe ectoderm emathunjini ephambili. Ngexesha organogenesis, yena luyiguqule wamathumbu, ibekwe ngezantsi usinga. Le nkqubo ichazwe apha ngasentla zintsonkothile kwaye bafunda kule khosi ye-jikelele biology kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Indlela ukuba achazele abafundi abancinane, abafundi zezilwanyana ukuba le Isingqi? Biology (7 Grade) isakhiwo wambumba ngokuqwalasela umzekelo esqwini spinal Amphioxus. Makhe sihlolisise lo mba ngokubanzi.

Iimpawu uhlobo olunganeno bescherepnyh

Eli qela ngendlela iqulethe iklasi omnye - Amphioxus. Izilwanyana bahlala emazantsi woLwandle Black, ndichitha ubomi bakhe, bamngcwaba esantini into imi phezu komhlaba ekupheleni ngaphambili umzimba, engqongwe nemisipha. Esebenzisa umzimba kwawo esikhanyayo yi tube ashinyeneyo - usinga. Eziphilayo ibona njengenxalenye yenkqubo musculoskeletal lesilwanyana. Notochord e Amphioxus, njengezinye chordates zamandulo - lampreys kunye hagfish, ezinxulumene ezinomqolo jawless, ngoku lonke ontogeny Udlala indima asemzimbeni yezihlunu. Ukongezelela eziphilayo ngoweqela bescherepnyh kunye cyclostomes, notochord uyazingisa kwezinye iintlanzi. Cinga iimpawu yesakhiwo.

neentlanzi cartilaginous

stingray Common, impungutye ulwandle, sawfish, nezihlahla dogfish - isihloko abemi ezinzulu-elwandle: stingrays nookrebe. Njengenxalenye yenkqubo yabo inkxaso kunye nentshukumo ubandakanya skeleton cartilaginous kunye nezihlunu. Phakathi imizimba vertebral kwi emjelweni spinal zibe ngamaqhekeza ntsalela ngentambo osandul umnqonqo. Olu phawu olubalaseleyo isakhiwo lwangaphakathi ziintlanzi cartilaginous, ngubani nditsho nasebudaleni walondoloza ngokuyinxenye usinga. Biology wachaza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngethuba embryogenesis notochord yenza constrictions equidistant bebodwa, apho le nkqubo iqalwa izakhiwo iidipozithi calcareous. Bona ngcembe uwahlule Isingqi kwi umzimba intlala omqolo, kwizicwili kunye namalungu alo bahlala ngaphakathi akwazi intervertebral.

Iimpawu ngesakhiwo yeentlanzi Sturgeon Series

Kunye ooKrebe kunye rays, naye lowo ukuba zininzi izinto esifana, abameli eli qela ziphantsi intlanzi mandulo. Kuba Intlanzi, ukutya, isakhiwo stellate zibandakanya iinkalo ezifana skeleton yangaphakathi cartilaginous kunye notochord. Biology ithi ukuba iminyanya Intlanzi yabonakala kwixesha Devonian le Paleozoic kwexesha. Ukusuka kule ndawo komzimba yabo ayitshintshanga kangako. Iifom abadala umnqonqo legqunyiwe iqokobhe yethishyu ashinyeneyo nokuqina nokuqhubekeka ubomi. Ngokukodwa womile imisindo stellate Intlanzi, Intlanzi kunye nezinye Intlanzi eRashiya kudala isetyenziswa ukutya ukugcwaliswa ngenxa ophaya ipayi, ngokuthi vyazigoy.