Yedwa: definition neendidi. Yintoni bodwa yendalo?

Yintoni bodwa? Ngaba yintoni bethu? Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweentlobo zayo ezahlukeneyo?

ulwazi jikelele

Ngoko ke, makhe siqale sichaze ukuba yintoni kanye a bodwa. Ngoko siyakuthi imeko kule nkqubo yezoqoqosho imeko ebusweni umthengisi omnye, nto leyo ukunqongophala kukhuphiswano lokwenene (ukhuphiswano) phakathi kwabanikezeli ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemveliso.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho abaliqela yeefom yayo, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko. Le ndawo ilungele lodwa - imeko apho kukho akukho iimveliso ababambeleyo (substitutes). Nangona e practice yokuba behlala apho, yonke nje ukuba kakuhle na, nokuba ukunceda ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yangoku.

Ziziphi iindidi bodwa?

inzululwazi Economic eyenza ezi ntlobo:

1. bodwa Valiwe. Ibonelela ukuba usenothinteleka ukufumana ezinye iinkcukacha, izibonelelo, iilayisenisi, ubuchwepheshe kunye neminye imiba ebalulekileyo. Kungekudala emva koko kukho sisithethi sembeko.
2. bodwa Natural. Ukubekwa yakhe - indawo esibonelela ukuba nokhuphiswa yokhuphiswano, kangangokuba ixabiso umlinganiselo kukuba ubuncinane yayo kwiimeko apho inkampani isebenza imarike yonke. Kodwa ngoxa ikhona apho kuphela ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo kuyingenelo ukwenza into kuphela inkampani olunye kunokuba eziliqela.
3. bodwa Vula. Le meko xa inkampani iba kumthengisi kuphela iinkonzo okanye iimveliso, kwaye oku akusayi kuchaphazela naziphi izithintelo esisodwa phantsi kwemiqathango kukhuphiswano. Ngokomzekelo, impumelelo ngokudala imveliso entsha ekhethekileyo kwindawo ethile. Unakho ukusebenzisa isikhundla brand.
4. Abadla bodwa ixabiso calulo. Oku kwenzeka xa emisela amaxabiso ezahlukeneyo kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo imveliso efanayo. Ebonakalisa esekungcoleni amaqela kumthengi.
5. bodwa Resource. Ubonelela ukuba kungenzeka ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwempahla ezithile. Inkcazo "abadla bodwa resource 'ukuba kalula, usebenzisa umzekelo amancinci: kukho imfuneko ehlathini. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba luthe lwahluma forestries, ukufumana iinkuni akusayi kusebenza. Ukongeza, kukho imiqathango ethile ntsimi.
6. bodwa Pure. Kule meko, kukho mnye kuphela umthengisi, kunye nakwamanye amashishini akukho ethutyana close. Ukuchazwa abadla bodwa ecocekileyo ibonelela imveliso ekhethekileyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, zonke iintlobo lungohlulwa lube iiklasi ezintathu eziphambili: zendalo, ezoqoqosho kunye nezolawulo. Ezi manje.

bodwa yemvelo

Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yempembelelo yezizathu njongo. Oku kusekelwe, njengoko umthetho, iimpawu ezithile zenkonzo yomxhasi okanye ubuchwepheshe.

Yintoni bodwa yendalo? uzimisele yale meko akayi ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle imizekelo. Kudibana naye nga boba sentsimini ngayo umbane, unxibelelwano, iinkonzo zefowuni, njalo-njalo. Kwezi kumashishini, imelwe inani elincinane iinkampani (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuyenzeka ngamanye amaxesha ukuba kukho ishishini karhulumente omnye kuphela). Kwaye ngenxa yokuba lo ke ukuba ububange lemarike lizwe. Umzekelo, ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Naminyaka kwiminyaka edlulileyo unokuyiphelisa kuphela kurhulumente ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ke kukho enye inkampani yabucala enika iinkonzo zayo.

KoLawulo (chaza) bodwa

Kubonakala ngenxa yempembelelo ngabasemagunyeni. Ngenxa yoko, ungaboniswa yokuba iinkampani ngamnye ukunika ilungelo elikhethekileyo ukwenza uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, nokwakhiwa kwamashishini karhulumente, ezithi ezidibeneyo kuxhomekeke iintlobo emibutho, zabaphathiswa, okanye umphathi omkhulu.

Le ndlela ezisetyenziswa xa yokudibanisa kweli candelo efanayo. Kwimarike, benza njengoko njengeziko elinye kwezoqoqosho, nto leyo ithetha ukungabi ukhuphiswano. Kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union zinganikwa umzekelo. Nantso into lodwa karhulumente. Nkcazo ukubonelela imeko enjengaleyo lonke elo lizwe.

Ngokomzekelo, ishishini emkhosini. Kufuneka ilunyukelwe kakhulu into yokuba ukulungele ukuba zonke iintlobo mnandi engalindelekanga kunye. Kwaye ukuba yinto Kwathi ezandleni zabucala, lushishino lwezixhobo inokubangelwa umonakalo mkhulu. Kwaye oku kufuneka kungavunyelwa nangayiphi na imeko. Ngoko ke, oko phantsi kolawulo karhulumente.

bodwa kwezoqoqosho

Le iklasi ixhaphakileyo. Ukuba sicinga ukuba oku bodwa, inkcazelo imbali, uphuhliso loluntu, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba peculiarity: imithetho kokuthotyelwa kwicandelo lezoqoqosho. Injongo engundoqo kule meko baqeshwe. Kuyenzeka indawo bodwa ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. uphuhliso ngempumelelo inkampani, gqolo ukwanda kwawo ngokusebenzisa uyondelelwano lwee- eyinkunzi.
2. Ukuhlanganisa nabanye abantu ngokuzithandela (okanye ukufunxa yimali).

Ekuhambeni kwexesha afika isikali yokuba sikwazi ukuthetha ukukhonya imarike.

Njengoko kakuhle kukho bodwa?

ezoqoqosho Modern chonga iindlela ezintathu ezingundoqo kule nkqubo:

1. Ukuzuza lweshishini labucala emarikeni.
2. Umqukumbelo sivumelwano.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwentlobo zemveliso.

Indlela yokuqala - enzima kakhulu. Ubungqina boku kukuba wedwa kwingxelo ezinjalo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye kucingwa kakhulu ophucukileyo kwaye ngenxa yokuba impumelelo imarike lwenzeka kwi ngokusekelwe yokusebenza bafumane inzuzo ukhuphiswano phezu kwezinye iinkampani.

Ivame kakhulu isivumelwano phakathi kweenkampani eziliqela ezinkulu. Kulo kudala imeko apho abenzi (okanye abathengisi) ezivelileyo "simanyene". Kulo mzekelo, ukhuphiswano liye lancitshiswa nto. Analunye phantsi umpu yonke le umba ixabiso intsebenziswano.

Isiphumo sazo zonke oku - umthengi lufika iimeko kuso. Kukholelwa ukuba kuvela ixesha lokuqala baqalisa kwimeko enjalo ekuyeni ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Nangona kubulungisa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba loo notyekelo monopolistic yaqala ukuvela ngexesha yamandulo. Kodwa imbali yakutshanje yale meko evela kwintlekele yoqoqosho ngo-1893.

negalelo elibi

Bodwa idla baqonda ngendlela embi. Kutheni kunjalo? Oku kubangelwa ichaza unxulumano phakathi iingxaki bodwa. ingenzeka njani konke? Kukho iindlela ezimbini:

1. Abadla bodwa yamiselwa ngexesha lokudodobala amashishini eziliqela lezimali. Kulo mzekelo, kulula ukuphila amaxesha kunzima.
2. inkampani abadla bodwa kudale iimeko ntlekele ukuba bathabath 'ukusuka lentengiso abadlali ezincinane ecoca isabelo sawo imarike okwangoku.

Kuzo zombini ezi meko lodwa ayizozakhiwo ezinkulu ukwabelana isixa pripadaet ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso. Ngenxa yezikhundla zabo ebhudla kwimarike, benokuba nempembelelo inkqubo amaxabiso, ukuqinisekisa ixabiso elilungileyo okwalo nokufumana ingeniso ebonakalayo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba sikhundla yedwa - ngumnqweno kunye iphupha kuzo zonke zoshishino kunye nenkampani. Oku kukuvumela ukuba balahle iqela elikhulu iingozi kunye nemingeni ukuba ukhuphiswano kuzisa. Ukongeza, ukuba kulo mzekelo babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo ilungelo emarikeni kunye buzinze ezandleni zabo ngamandla kwezoqoqosho. Kwaye oku ehlahla indlela ukunyanzelisa iimeko zabo ngamahlakani kunye noluntu.

Ingakumbi abadibeneyo

Makuthathelwe kufuneka anikwe kunye ezichaphazela ezithile kwinzululwazi loqoqosho esifunda oku. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba oku kwimathematika, yaye kukho amagama amaninzi kunokuba ukutolika ezahlukeneyo, yaye ezinye - azibonakaliswa kwezinye iincwadi / ubunini babo.

Xiya xikombiso lexi. Ekuqaleni eli nqaku wakhankanya kwinkcazelo abadla bodwa ecocekileyo, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba yonke into nje njalo. Kuyenzeka ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokufumaneka lwemiba ezongezelelweyo okanye ukutolikwa ezahlukeneyo kancinane kwikota. Oku akuthethi ukuba omnye wabo engalunganga. Nje akukho avunyiweyo kwelona iingqiqo kwinqanaba likazwelonke / ngamazwe. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo.

Kunjalo ke, nokuba sithi kugqalwa bodwa ngumntu. Inkcazo kule kota ingaba ukunika yile: le meko kuxa iimeko zenzelwa iinkampani ngamnye, oko kuchaphazela imarike yonke. Ingaba ilungile? Ngokuqinisekileyo! Kodwa ke ukuba sithi ukuba bodwa ngumntu - luxinzelelo kwezibonelelo, imveliso kunye nokupapasha ngesandla omnye zithintele okanye trust, yinyaniso!

isiphelo

inkcazelo yegama elithi 'yedwa' ukuba oko elinikwe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi sihloko okukhulu kakhulu kunye umdla. Kodwa ubukhulu nqaku ulinganiselwe. Umntu nokuba ukuthetha malunga nemiba eyenziwayo abadibeneyo kwi iindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, cinga ngemeko kummandla elalisakuba yiSoviet Union, wafumanisa ukuba eNtshona Yurophu kunye ne-USA. Le nkcazelo ngalo mba kukho neentlobo ezininzi. Njengoko isisho, lowo ufunayo baya kufumana.