Yintoni ebonisa isethi imimandla ophezulu endaweni? High-yehla umbhinqo eCaucasus

Ubume lwemimandla altitudinal zaseCaucasus - kunazo esibanzi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintaba Russian. Ngokutsho ziingcali UNESCO Heritage World, lo mmandla iphawulwa zilingo emangalisayo komhlaba, lwemvelo kanye, iqulethe amaphecana olunzulu amahlathi ezintabeni engenaziphazamiso unique ngomlinganiselo yaseYurophu. Cinga nje ngomzekelo inkqubo ntaba grand, nto leyo ebonisa iseti ummandla eziphakamileyo. Makhe sibone indlela abantu basebenzisa iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo nganye imimandla nkqo.

iibhanti Altitudinal ezintabeni

ucando nkqo - okanye kummandla ophezulu kwendawo - ipateni ngokwezelizwe, esizibonakalisa zokuba kutshintshwe kwizityalo ukusuka eentaba ukuya phezulu. Ezahlukeneyo ukususela ngama of alternation kweendawo zendalo emathafeni, nto leyo ebangelwa nokuhla imali imisebe yelanga ukusuka kwi-ikhweyitha nezibonda. Iseti epheleleyo imimandla ephakamileyo ephakame inikwa ezintabeni eziphakamileyo, apho ibekwe imimandla ethandwa yimvula. Sibala yonke imimandla kunokwenzeka nkqo zendalo (ukusuka elunyaweni ukuya phezulu):

1. ihlathi emanzi babesuke (ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha 1200).
2. amahlathi entabeni.
3. amahlathi entabeni ephakamileyo (3000 m).
4. Undersized, imithi, ephothiweyo, amatyholo (ukuya ku 3800 m).
5. Alpine esinendawo (4500 m).
6. lutho enamatye, amatye eludlolo.
7. Snow, ezihambayo intaba.

Yintoni ebonisa isethi imimandla ophezulu endaweni?

imimandla yehla Ubukho uchazwe ngokwehlisa ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye ukufuma kunye nokwanda ukuphakama. Air ukunyuka nganye-1 km lupholisiwe ngomyinge 6 ° C. Kuba zonke 12 eemitha ubude banoxinizelelo ukuhla umoya ka-1 mm HG.

Ezintabeni, ezo abakwiindawo ezikude ezahlukeneyo ukusuka ikhweyitha, ucando nkqo yohlukile kakhulu. Kwi efanayo inkululeko njengoko maxa wambi kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zendalo.

Sibala, nto leyo ebonisa iseti imimandla ephakamileyo kwendawo, yintoni iimeko kuchaphazela nokudaleka:

• I indawo okuyo zeentaba. Ukusondela-ikhweyitha, kokukhona imimandla nkqo.
• Emathafeni kuvame exakeke noluntu zendalo, kwindawana eArabha ezingqongileyo.
• Ukuphakama yentaba. Kunabo ephakamileyo, iseti ngakumbi kwamabhanti. Ziqhubeka evela ezinezinga efudumeleyo kunye iintaba asezantsi, imimandla ephantsi (i-North Urals kukho 1-2 kuphela).
• Kufutshane kweelwandle neelwandlekazi, oluthi luqokelelane emoyeni efudumeleyo yaye kufumile.
• Isiphumo ngengqele okanye ashushu owomileyo umoya mass evela lizwekazi.

utshintsho nkqo iindawo zendalo ezintabeni eCaucasus Western

Kukho ibhanti ophezulu ezinobude eCaucasus, enxulumene iintlobo ezimbini ucando nkqo: elizwekazi lonxweme (lolwandle). Elesibini imelwe ezintabeni eCaucasus Western, bezibonela impembelelo ye-Atlantic, umoya ifumile olwandle.

Sibala engundoqo ibhanti ephakamileyo ephakame ukusuka eentaba le ntaba;

1. Meadow emathafeni lutyhido olunqamkayo oki, hornbeam, ash (100 m).

2. Forest Zone.

• Broadleaf ihlathi montane (ukuya kwi-600 m). imithi amaxesha coniferous (nespruce, zifumaneka kulo mmandla fir abaseAfrika). Ezinye iindawo ziyindawo kufumile eziguqu undergrowth, ndimkhathalela apho imidiliya kukhula, boxwood, yew, ube ngowakhe.
• Belt amahlathi mixed (ngasentla 1200 m).
• Dark izityalo ihlathi coniferous.

3. engca subalpine esigwenxa, abade (ephakame 2000 m).

4. low-Ingca amadlelo zasezintabeni, iintsimbi abazizityebi, zeesiriyeli isambrela izityalo.

5. zone nival (nomphakamo 2800-3200 m).

igama Nivalis Latin eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "opholileyo." Kule ndawo, kodwa engxondorheni ebalelelwe lilanga, ikhephu ngumkhenkce, kukho izityalo zeAlps: buttercups, primroses, ngeplantain kunye nabanye.

zone High-ezinobude eMpuma Caucasus

Empumalanga, kukho nabanye ibhanti ophezulu ezinobude eCaucasus, nto leyo edla ngokuba ucando lizwekazi okanye Dagestan uhlobo nkqo. Emazantsi eentaba le semi-eziqhelekileyo, ezo indawo emaqeleni owomileyo ngakumbi ubukho zengca kunye sagebrush. Ngasentla ezintshinyeleni imithana xerophytic, utyani ihlathi ezinqabileyo. Okulandelayo Alpine zone yendalo zimelwe entlango entabeni, enengca cereal. Kumathambeka inxalenye abafumana zezulu nezifumileyo Atlantic, kukho amahlathi zemithi ebanzi-zodonga (oki, hornbeam kunye beech). Le ibhanti Eastern ehlathini Caucasus luthathelwa subalpine nasezintabeni amadlelo kunye ubukho kwezityalo xerophytic kwintaba ephakame malunga 2800 m (kwi Alps umda kule ndawo imi endaweni ka-2200 m). Nival zone oluya kwi ukuphakama 3600-4000 m.

Thelekisa imimandla altitudinal eQhelekileyo yaseMpuma kunye West Caucasus

Inani imimandla yehla East Caucasus ngaphantsi kwe West, ngenxa yempembelelo malunga nokusekwa iindawo zendalo ezintabeni khona umoya, isimo, kunye nezinye izinto. Ngokomzekelo, umoya Atlantic ezifudumeleyo kufumile phantse ntoni ukungena ukuya ngasempuma, igcina The Ridge engundoqo. Ngelo xesha ayenzi ukufumana umoya obandayo kupholile osentshona zaseCaucasus.

Umahluko omkhulu izakhiwo ezinemigangatho kwemimandla Mpuma Caucasus evela West:

• ubukho semi-kwintlango eentaba;
• ibhanti asezantsi emathafeni owomileyo;
• zone ihlathi elimxinwa;
• Jer xerophytic namatyholo emdeni esezantsi ibhanti ehlathini;
• akukho zone ihlathi coniferous
• Emathafeni entabeni eliphakathi ephakamileyo Aninasabelo;
• ukwandiswa zone ntaba-engcotyeni;
• ephezulu lasebusika indawo kunye ezihambayo.
• ihlathi uhlaza kuphela ezintlanjeni;
• phantse ziphinde zenzeke iintlobo zemithi coniferous.

umsebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu

Ukubunjwa kwiindawo zendalo zaseCaucasus ngenxa yotshintsho lwemozulu parameters ngaphakathi kwinkqubo entabeni ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya phezulu kwaye ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma. Ukwazi kakuhle oko kuxhomekeke iseti imimandla ephakamileyo kwendawo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ngingqi ezixineneyo labemi, ingakumbi kunxweme kuLwandle Black. Le mathafa emathafeni ochumileyo Ciscaucasia phantse nihlwayele ngokupheleleyo kwaye ahlala izityalo cereals kunye nezityalo melon, imiyezo, nezidiliya. Developed kwezolimo sezulu, kuquka kulinywe iti, citrus iziqhamo, yeepesika kunye walnuts. imilambo Intaba kufuneka ube elikhulu yamandla amanzi, asetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela kwiindawo nzulu. Emathafeni, ebuntlangorha mathafa utyani. Xa imigodi kunye namahlathi nebhanti bemka kokuvuna.

Zonke ibhanti eziphakamileyo eCaucasus kwiiNtaba zibe ngamathuba angawo sokhenketho. Inkqubo iintaba medium ophezulu zigqunywe ngamahlathi, umkhenkce nekhephu, itsala abalandeli Ukuskiya kunye kili. Routes ziquka rocks ekulweni, nelamaxandeka ezigqunywe likhephu yemilambo yentaba. umoya ococekileyo na amahlathi engumxube, ubume entle, ilizwe elingaselwandle - oovimba eziphambili zolonwabo zaseCaucasus.