Yeyiphi amazwe Russia na imida umhlaba? imida Land of Russia: ubude ikhadi kunye lizwe

I enkulu Ubude kwemida Russian Federation umiselwa kweloo ubukhulu nommandla wayo, njengoko ubukhosi behlabathi. Of iikhilomitha 60.932 yobude zizonke imida ezweni Russia kwimephu - kuba ngaphezu kwe-36% - 22.125 km. In kwimida emantla nasempuma zibekwe phezu kweelwandle ye-Arctic kunye neelwandle Pacific, kunye imida nelizwe Russia zinabela entshona nomzantsi.

imida ezintsha Russian Federation

Umda yi umgca wacanda ngaphantsi komhlaba kwaye icwangcisa nemida kolawulo loo State. Le line omiswe amaxwebhu asemthethweni phakathi States (kwemida), kwakunye namanqaku ezisisigxina umda emhlabeni (kwemida).

Ngenxa ekuweni yiSoviet Union, iRussia imeko enzima, njengoko imida ezintsha ngaphambili ingqalelo yezolawulo, lwangaphakathi. Kwakufuneka ukuphuhlisa, nto leyo eza kufuna ukuba iindleko ezinkulu. Ngelo xesha linye imida endala ezibe kwimida elalisakuba yiSoviet Union. Ngenxa lamazwe apho Russia umda ilizwe, wonke umda wama-Russian Federation lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela eziliqela.

1. yakudala, leyo ilifa eRashiya ukusuka eSoviet Union: kumazwe Nordic, Poland neTshayina, Mongolia kunye North Korea. Bona baxhotyisiwe kwaye uninzi imida.

2. Le mida yolawulo kunye republic eSoviet, ngoku imida karhulumente. Kananjalo kwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela amabini:

• kunye namazwe ico ;
• kunye kumazwe eBaltic.

Le mida isekho ngokwaneleyo zinakho nengafihliyo. Asingabo bonke badlula phambi kokuphela kwemida kunye umda. Hayi kodwa isigqibo yonke imiba kwaye hayi yonke imida akhuselwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze siqonde ngcono oko Russia imida lizwe, mhlawumbi yokwahlulahlula olunemiqathango kulo macandelo alandelayo.

Northwest

Inxalenye yomntla imida ezweni Russian Federation ngaphaya Polar Circle. Land abamelwane eRashiya emantla-ntshona - oku, kuqala kwiinto zonke, Norway. Ubude bayo encinane - kweekhilomitha ngaphantsi kwe ezimakhulu mabini kwaye liqhubeka kunye neendawo kumathafa wentlambo lomlambo, ngokungabi yezinto ngokwaneleyo va zendalo. Ifunyanwa ngaphaya umda ephehla Norwegian kwaye Russian kunye nokwakhiwa kweendlela zothutho ezicwangcisiweyo. Le umgca umda kuhlala ingatshintshanga nozinzileyo ngo-1826 emva kweminyaka iimbambano phakathi kwamazwe ezimbini lelifa Kola Peninsula. Okwangoku akukho ingxabano phakathi Norway naseRashiya ayikho. Ukususela umda IsiRashiya ukuya kummandla Murmansk okufuphi.

Ngaphezu koko, iRussia imida lizwe eFinland, ubude mayelana 1300 khilomitha, unabela ngaphezulu induli encinci, amadobo kunye namachibi - sekuqinisekisiwe emva iSivumelwano Paris ngo-1947. Kwakhona akukho imiqobo eziphawulekayo zendalo. Kwicala Russian imimandla amathathu kumda kwi Finland - Murmansk, Karelia kunye eSt Petersburg. Le sayithi Kubalulekile ukuba ukuphunyezwa zorhwebo amazwe.

Imeko olukhethekeliyo kummandla Kaliningrad

kummandla eKaliningrad, ekummandla okunxweme yoLwandle Baltic kwaye polueksklavom Russia, landlocked kwaye imida kunye ePoland km 250, yaye Lithuania - ubude kweekhilomitha ezili-300, unabela ngaphezulu kwe Neman River. Demarcation ne Lithuania ekhutshwe ngo-1997, kodwa eminye imiba etshisa ibunzi nabangekafumani ilungiswe. Nge Poland akukho iimbambano phezu imida apho.

Umda namazwe lweBaltic

Ehambahamba kwechibi kunye nenkangeleko komlambo, induli encinci, umda wasentshona uzayo kuLwandle Azov. Kule ndawo ezinye kumazwe angabamelwane Russia ukwenza amabango kwintsimi encinane iphikiswayo. Umzekelo, Estonia kunye Latvia usenzile isicelo ilizwe kwizithili ezininzi uMmandla Pskov kunye ummandla uwonke weekhilomitha ngaphezu kwamawaka amathathu square. Ubude lomgca umda Belarusian-Russian - a ophosa. Kuzo zonke amazwe ngalo Russia umda ilizwe, ngokuba zezona izinzile, yaye akukho iimbambano indawo yawo phakathi kwamazwe amabini akakho, elingekhoyo, naluphi na uhlobo lolawulo ngo-2011 kumda. Kunokuba ngokukhululekileyo ukuwela nangaliphi na ixesha kunye nayiphi na indawo. Eli nxiwa lelona yothutho hub emikhulu, edibanisa eRussia Europe.

Umda ne Ukraine

Russia umda komhlaba Ukraine malunga neekhilomitha ezingama 1300, yaye ingongoma eyintloko kwi umba apha eCrimea. imida Common amazwe amathathu - Ukraine, Belarus naseRashiya ziye zachongwa ngethuba yiSoviet, yaye emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, ummandla Ukraine linyukile ngeendleko ilizwe ligqithiselwe yi amazwe aseMpuma Yurophu eSoviet Union. ERussia kuya Ukraine ngomda iindawo ezimbalwa - le layini umda eqalisiweyo 20 ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, yaye ngo-2014 ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe amabini zimbi ngenxa usingasiqithi ka eCrimea, leyo Ukraine uqwalasela nommandla wayo. Nakuba kunjalo, ukutshintshwa eCrimea Ukraine lwaqhutywa ukuphuma kakhulu siseko ngo-1954, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba Sevastopol wawongwa ubume lweziko yolawulo elahlukileyo ezinkulu kuzwelonke, kunye nesigqibo sokutshintshela kwakhe akubangakho. Ngenxa imeko phakathi kwamazwe amabini, eRashiya kufuneka bacinge malunga nokwakhiwa imizila yoololiwe.

umda wasezintabeni Russian

Russian umda komhlaba ezantsi siphuma kwi Psou River valley idlule le kummango engundoqo ye Greater Caucasus, uze emva koko kwi-Samur River Valley usaqhubeka kuLwandle lweCaspian. Elingummelwane ithi Russia kweli ubude kwicandelo le engaphezu kwewaka kweekhilomitha - Georgia and Azerbaijan. Apha umda isebenza kakuhle imida zendalo, njengoko iimeko ezinzima intaba musa ukuvumela ukuba bazinze kwi kuba mde ngolo hlobo. Noko ke, le ndawo umda yeyona yingxaki onke amazwe ngalo Russia a umda ilizwe. Kuyinto iimeko ezinzima kakhulu zendalo, iyantlukwano yobuhlanga zabemi kunye imeko yezopolitiko elidlulileyo okufana kule ndawo. ikhephu obunguNaphakade ezincotsheni zeentaba abaseAfrika, amapasi intaba kunye zomkhenkce imiqobo zendalo ukujonga cala ubude ngqo komda. idatha efana kuyimfuneko ngokulungiselela imida kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko yayo. Oku, into edibene iindleko eziphathekayo enkulu.

Uqhagamshelwano kumda abaseAfrika

Ingxaki links ezothutho kumazwe Transcaucasian. Bakwaloliwe ezimbini cross-umda zisebenza ngokupheleleyo, omnye kuphela - kokuxhuma Azerbaijan ku Dagestan. Okwesibini, xa ugqitha Abkhazia awukho semthethweni ngenxa yokuba ukwayo lwezopolitiko noqoqosho nxamnye eGeorgia, Abkhazia. Ezimbini motor indlela eGeorgia ezihambe ngayo Ezingxingweni, kodwa zifuna kwakhona kulungiswe ebalulekileyo. Kukho ezityhutyhayo kunye bentaba, kodwa alungele ukusetyenziswa kuphela ehlotyeni. imiqobo zeNdalo kunye nobudlelwane ezintsonkothileyo kwezopolitiko aphazamisane nokuyilwa kwamaqhina kwezoqoqosho. Ingxaki yeyokuba ngamaxesha eSoviet, yonke iziseko kwasekwa bhaza elinye lwamashishini, kufuna intsebenziswano kwezibonelelo.

Iingxaki ze imida abaseAfrika

Kulo mmandla kukho republic eliyi of Abkhazia noMzantsi Ossetia. Ukuze ubone imida kwindawo yokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusombulula ingxabano phakathi kwala maqumrhu kunye eGeorgia. Ngoku kuyavunyelwana iindawo, edlula kummandla ziiriphabliki CBD, Karachayevo-Cherkessia kunye Ingushetia, kodwa ushiye ezininzi kungalungiswa imibuzo esisiseko ngakumbi phakathi eRashiya ne eGeorgia. Ngokubanzi, nivumelene umgca nomda Azerbaijan, kodwa zikhona ezinye iindawo ukuxabana.

Noko ke, eyona ngxaki inkulu kule ngingqi kukho ungquzulwano, ebaxiweyo kunye zobuzwe, leyo baxway ingqibelelo Russia kunye namazwe angabamelwane. Kwezi meko, luba ebalulekileyo indima imfuduko factor. Ukongeza, inkqubo nzima ukuqonda ukwenzeka imida izizwe ezintsha esingumzekelo seeRiphablikhi abaseAfrika. Ingakumbi xa musa nemida yobuzwe idibana. Ngoko ke, omnye wemingeni ejongene iinkonzo umda kwakhona ukuphuhlisa ulwalamano nabantu basekuhlaleni. Kunjalo, le yinxalenye umda kuxhaphaka azinze nokuseka amakhonkco cross-umda kunye neenkonzo Transcaucasian.

Umda ne Kazakhstan

umda Russian ezweni kukunaba kuLwandle lweCaspian ngokusebenzisa kumathafa zingamabhodlo le lweCaspian xi ku zeAltai Mountains for ngeekhilomitha ngaphezulu kwe 7500 - nomda Kazakhstan, ubude kwelikhulu otmechennnaya kuphela zemvelo kwi besekhaya. Phakathi kwala mazwe mabini aye asayina isivumelwano kwemida. Le umda phakathi Kazakhstan neRashiya na isenzeko eyodwa ehlabathini, hayi nje kuphela ubude umda eqhelekileyo kodwa elubala omkhulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba awabelana izithethe zonqulo ezahlukeneyo eli lizwe. Kwanele ukuba enze iindawo umda bume landscape ekhululekile lula kwezothutho. Ukususela kwixesha eSoviet wadala enobunye yemveliso nje kuphela, kodwa isakhiwo sothutho, iindlela ezininzi kunye kaloliwe ukunqumla olwangaphambili ulawulo, kwaye ngoku umda karhulumente ke, maxa wambi izihlandlo eziliqela. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, la mazwe mabini ozama ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka yokuthuthwa yayo iqela ekufutshane. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ukwakhiwa kweendlela ezintsha kunye nemizila kaloliwe.

ukwanda yaseTshayina e Russia

umda Russian isiwe ukusuka zeAltai ukuya Pacific kudlula ngokubanzi ngokusebenzisa ezintabeni. Ubude komgca umda kunye Mongolia iphantse 3000 km. Phakathi kwamazwe asayina kudala kwisivumelwano kwemida kunye ekwahlulweni umda eqhelekileyo. Ubudlelwane kudala eyakhelwe ngokusekelwe ubuhlobo kunye nentsebenziswano nokuxabisana.

Kokuchaza ngamazwe ngayo Russia umda ilizwe, kubalulekile ukuba bahlale kubudlelwane Russia kunye China. Umda ne China ukhetheke ukuba ukwabelana, inkqubo yezopolitiko ezahlukeneyo civilizational, oko kukuthi, nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho umqobo ukwanda yabantu beli lizwe ezweni Russian. Oku kwanda ayikho kuphela icala Russian, kodwa Kazakhstan, nto leyo ebangelwe elubala yayo. Ngapha koko, inxalenye umda Russian kunye China ngoku umda umgca joint of China, kwelinye icala, kunye Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan kunye Tajikistan - phezu kwezinye. Ngoku ke ubude komgca kumda PRC neRashiya ingaphezulu kwe-4000 km.

Imida ye nomda China

Isivumelwano Demarcation ayengekho bekulungele ngowe-1999, kodwa wahlala imibuzo ingasonjululwanga ngokuphathelele iinkalo ezimbini ezincinane eziqulathe umngcipheko iingxaki kubudlelwane kwixesha elizayo. Imida sokugqibela umda kwenzeka ngo-2005 ngenxa minyinyiva indawo Russia. Okwangoku, China ufumana ngaphezulu ukusuka kwimeko cross-umda kwe eRashiya. Yena onyanzelwayo ukuba ukusombulula ingxaki enzima zemfuduko okungekho mthethweni Chinese kunye nokungeniswa ngokungekho wabo nomsebenzi.

Ubude umda ilizwe phakathi Russia, North Korea - kancinane ngaphezu kwe-17 km kude, kwaye phezu Tumen River - oku yeyona imfutshane onke amacandelo emdeni. Kwisiqithi esincinane emlanjeni yindawo engaqhelekanga. kulo zifumaneka emdeni kumazwe amathathu - Russia, China kunye North Korea. Zonke izivumelwano kwi kwemida kunye kwemida imida phakathi North Korea kunye Russian zasayinwa Federation, yaye akukho iimbambano indawo apho.