Anna Ivanovna: Ngexesha ebukumkanini imbali kunye nokuvuzwa ku Russia

Kuba izixhobo Russian ngo-1709 lalizele loyiso ezizukileyo. E Poltava Pet Veliky woyisa umkhosi kaKumkani Charles Swedish i weShumi - imikhosi Russian wawagxotha ngempumelelo ukusuka yeBaltic. Ukomeleza impembelelo yayo emazweni, uPetros wagqiba ukunika omnye nezalamane zakhe ezininzi iNkosana Courland Fridriha Vilgelma.

I noMlawuli wajika umhlolokazi Praskovya Fyodorovna icebiso umzalwana wakhe: enye yeentombi zakhe, ufuna ukunika kwisikhulu? Yaye ekubeni ayengathandi eloyikekayo umyeni-engeyeyakuni, wakhetha intombi akathandwa nyaka ilishumi linesixhenxe ezelwe Anna. Esi elizayo uKumkanikazi Anna Ivanovna.

Abantwana kunye kulutsha ukumkanikazi elizayo

Anna wazalwa ngo January 28, 1693 eMoscow, xa umzalwana lwentsapho abadala Petra Velikogo Ivan wesihlanu. Uchithe ebuntwaneni bakhe Izmailovo kunye nomama wakhe kunye noodadewabo. Bexesha kuphawuliwe, Anna Ivanovna umntwana sirhoxisiwe, uthi cwaka na yona. Beselula oko bafundiswa ukufunda nokubhala isiJamani kunye isiFrentshi. Ukufunda nokubhala, wafunda, kodwa esina nangendlela wempangelo inkosazana akazange yoncutshe.

Wedding Anna yabhiyozela-Oktobha 31, 1710 kwi gqitywanga eSt Petersburg Menshikov Palace. Ekuqaleni konyaka ozayo, uAnna Ivanovna, kwaye iNkosana Courland e Mitau ushiye ingqukuva. Kodwa indlela, Wilhelm wafa ngequbuliso. Ngoko ke inkosazana waba ngumhlolokazi emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa kuphela emva kokuba betshatile.

Kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ubukumkani Anna

Pet Veliky wayalela Anna unelungelo lokuba Kurland. Ebona ukuba akayi ukuba umzala ikrelekrele kakhulu akayi kuba nako ukukhonza iimfuno eRussia duchy, waya kunye noPetros wakhe Bestuzhev-Rumin. Ngowe-1726, xa Bestuzhev-Ryumin sirhoxisiwe kwi Courland, uAnna wavela kwinkundla Ernst Johann Biron - engaphumelelanga e Koenigsberg University lakomkhulu.

Emva kokufa Petra Velikogo Russian Empire kwenzeka into ethi ncam yabo- - kwitrone le Tsars Russian rose mfazi! Umhlolokazi of Peter I, uCatherine. Obusa ukuba phantse iminyaka emibini. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, iBhunga yangasese isigqibo sokuba ukhethe njengoko umzukulwana loMlawuli Petra Velikogo, uPetros I. Enyukele sobukhosi eneminyaka eli-elinanye, kodwa zabulawa ingqakaqa kwi elinesine.

Imeko, okanye ukubulawa amalungu eluntwini eyimfihlo

Ephakamileyo lwalo Council ndagqiba kwelokuba Anna etroneni, kwangaxeshanye umda amandla alo yedwa. Benza i "imeko", apho iimeko zaye zisekwe apho Anna Ivanovna wacelwa ukuba ahlale etroneni. Ngokutsho kweli phepha ngaphandle kwemvume yeBhunga yangasese, wayengakwazi ukuvakalisa nabani na imfazwe, ingene kwizivumelwano yoxolo, ukuba umthetho umkhosi okanye kuzigcina, aphakamise okanye ukubeka iirhafu, njalo njalo.

January 25, 1730 abameli kuluntu ofihlakeleyo bazisa "imeko" kwi Metavu neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa, uyavumelana zonke izithintelo, kubo isayinwe. Kungekudala, uKumkanikazi Anna ezintsha zafika eMoscow. Kukho Februwari 25 abameli yezikhulu eMoscow wafaka isicelo sakhe nesicelo ukuba ukwamkela imeko kunye nolawulo yedwa. Kwaye uKumkanikazi wabaphulaphula. Yena wazikrazula esidlangalaleni uxwebhu aze asasazeke Supreme yangasese Council. amalungu alo elubhacweni aze abulawe, kunye Anna ebekwe Kwingcingane Cathedral.

Anna Ivanovna, ngexesha kulawula kunye nempembelelo nkqubo ngumntu omthandayo yakhe ayithandayo

Ngexesha lokulawula uAnny Ioannovny yayiyilwe yi iKhabhinethi, apho indima engundoqo edlalwa ngomnye babengamahlakani uPetros wokuQala Vice Chancellor Andrei Osterman. Ernst Biron oluthandayo uKumkanikazi kwezopolitiko abazange aphazamisane. Nangona waba yedwa Anna Ioannovna, ebudeni bolawulo wakhe historiography Russian eyaziwa ngokuba Biron.

NgoJanuwari 1732, inkundla yasebukhosini bafudukela eSt Petersburg. Apha, uAnna, ixesha elide owayehlala eYurophu, ndaziva bekhululekile ngaphezu koko eMoscow. nkqubo angaphandle ebukumkanini uAnny Ioannovny yaba iingxwaba-nkqubo Petra Velikogo: imilo Russia kuba Succession Polish kwaye ulwa eTurkey, apho amajoni Russian baye balahlekelwa ikhulu lamawaka abantu.

Nempikiswano uKumkanikazi kurhulumente Russian

Yintoni eye yenziwa ku Russia Anna Ivanovna? Ngexesha lokulawula yayo kuphawulwa kuphuhliso kwiindawo ezintsha. Imeko umzuzile inqaba Azov, emathafeni phakathi yegciwane kunye Dniester, kodwa ngaphandle ilungelo ukugcina iinqanawa kuLwandle Black. Iqala ukusebenza Enkulu Northern uhambo, ayihlola eSiberia kunye Arctic Ocean kunye ena.

Ngomthetho ka uKumkanikazi iqala enye zakhiwo zibalaseleyo kwimbali yoBukhosi Russian - ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo omkhulu iinqaba ecaleni imida emazantsi kunye womzantsi-mpuma inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya. Le ezinkulu zokwakha-isikali, eziqale ebukumkanini uAnny Ioannovny, ekunokuthiwa iiprojekthi yokuqala yenkcubeko neyentlalo i-Russian yoMbuso iVolga. Kwi imida mpuma inxalenye yaseYurophu ubukhosi isebenza i Orenburg uhambo, apho urhulumente uAnny Ioannovny kuza neengxaki ezininzi.

Ukugula nokufa le ukumkanikazi

Ngoxa phezu kwemida shaka bukhosi ngelizwi baza bafa ngenxa yozuko amajoni nokumkani izidwangube, ikomkhulu yaphila kubunewunewu kunye nokuzonwabisa. Anna waba ubuthathaka nokuzingela. Amagumbi Peterhof Palace ayesoloko kwixesha lolayisho imipu, apho uKumkanikazi isebenzile phezu intaka odlulayo. Wayendithanda ukuze zingqonge yena kunye ngamagosa kunye ezizihiba.

Kodwa musa nje oomama, yaye wakwazi ukonwabisa Anna Ivanovna, ebudeni bolawulo yaso ezinxulumene ne imicimbi karhulumente esinzulu gqitha. kweminyaka elishumi ulawulo yi uKumkanikazi, nayo yonke le minyaka iRashiya iye yakhiwa, walwa kunye nokwandisa imida. Oktobha 5, 1740 sangokuhlwa uKumkanikazi andabikho zingqondweni kunye, akuba ebegula akuntsuku zingaphezu kweshumi elinambini, wafa.