Sergiy Radonezhsky - Biography. Sergiy Radonezhsky - kunyaka-700 isikhumbuzo. Amanqindi Sergiya Radonezhskogo

Abaninzi kuthi ukuba ngubani Sergiy Radonezhsky. Ibali lobomi bakhe umdla kubantu abaninzi, kuquka abo bakude ecaweni. Waseka kufuphi Moscow Trinity Monastery (okwangoku i Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra), wenza lukhulu ibandla Russian. kukubi oyiNgcwele wayemthanda izwe lakhe elininzi umgudu phezu ukunceda abantu basinde zonke iintlekele. Sifundile ngobomi ngqangi St. ngokusebenzisa nabo nakubafundi. Umsebenzi Epifaniya Mudrogo ebizwa "The Life of Sergiya Radonezhskogo," wabhala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XV, ngumthombo oxabisekileyo ulwazi malunga nobomi saint. Zonke ezinye ngqangi, owayebonakele kamva, kuba ubukhulu becala, processing izinto zakhe.

Indawo kunye nexesha yokuzalwa

Akwaziwa nini yaye phi wazalwa saint elizayo. umfundi wakhe Epiphanius le Ulumkile uBomi uMfundisi ithi ngayo ngendlela entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ababhali-mbali senze ingxaki enzima ukuchazwa kolwazi. Uhlolisiso imisebenzi zecawa yenkulungwane XIX kunye nezichazi-magama, kufunyaniswe ukuba imini wokuzalwa Sergiya Radonezhskogo mhlawumbi - yi Meyi 3: 1319. Nakuba kunjalo, ezinye izazinzulu nabavumayo kwezinye imihla. Indawo ngqo yokuzalwa komntwana Bartholomew (igama saint ehlabathini) nayo ayaziwa. Epiphanius Izazi ithi elizayo gama uyise indela uCyril nonina - uMariya. Ngaphambi kokuya ku usapho Radonezh wahlala Rostov ukubusa. Kukholeleka ukuba wazalwa eSt Sergiy Radonezhsky kwilali Varnita kummandla Rostov. Xa ubhaptizo inkwenkwe wanikwa igama Bartholomew. Abazali igama kuye imbeko uMpostile Bartholomew.

LwaBantwana kunye nemimangaliso yokuqala

Xa usapho, abazali yakwaBartholomew wazala oonyana abathathu. hero yethu umntwana wesibini. Ababini kubazalwana bakhe, uStefano noPetros abantwana smyshlonymi. Bona ngokukhawuleza kakuhle ukufunda nokubhala, bafunda ukufunda nokubhala. Kodwa noBhartolomeyu isifundo akazange anikezele. Enoba gadalala ngabazali bakhe, wazama ukuba ukuqiqa kunye notitshala, lo mfana akwazi bafunde ukufunda, kunye neencwadi oyingcwele ingafikeleleki ukuqonda yakhe. Kwaye ngoko ummangaliso kwenzeke: wayesazi ileta uBhartolomeyu, saint elizayo Sergiy Radonezhsky. Ibali lobomi bakhe kubonisa indlela ukholo kuThixo kunceda ukuba soyise naluphi na neengxaki zobomi. Malunga elimangalisayo nauchenii inkwenkwe nokubhala wathi yakhe 'Ubomi' Epiphanius Izazi. Uthi ukuba Bartholomew elide wathandaza, ecela uThixo ukuba amncede afunde ukufunda nokubhala, ukwazi iSibhalo. Kwaye ngenye imini, xa ubawo KIRILL wathumela unyana lo wakhe ubheke yamahashe amadlelo, noBhartolomeyu wabona indoda endala phantsi komtamariske a chasuble emnyama. Le nkwenkwe elila, wabaxelela ukuba santa malunga nokungakwazi yakhe ekufundeni waza wacela ukuba amthandazele phambi koYehova. Lo mdala wamxelela ukuba inkwenkwe wazi kule mini ngaphezu abazalwana babo idiploma. St. Bartholomew wamema endlwini ngabazali bakhe. Phambi kotyelelo lwabo, baya ecaweni, apho lo mfana ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo funda indumiso. Emva koko Wakhawuleza nge guest bakhe kubazali, na ebonwabisayo. Cyril noMariya, ndakuqonda malunga ummangaliso baqalisa ukumdumisa uYehova. Lo mbuzo kumdala zithetha ntoni ezi zinto into isimanga, bafumana uphuma lundwendwe ukuba unyana wabo Bartholomew yabalasela nguThixo esibelekweni. Ngoko ke, xa uMariya beza nje kokuba ngokuzala ibandla, komntwana esibelekweni sikanina wakhwaza izihlandlo ezithathu, xa abangcwele becula ngentloko imfundiso. Eli bali Epifaniya Mudrogo kubonakaliswe umfanekiso wegcisa Nesterov kaThixo "Umbono Young noMatewu".

Nezigigaba yokuqala

Yintoni enye into iphawulwe umntwana St. Sergiy Radonezhsky kwi amabali Epiphany Wesilumko? Umfundi of St. ingxelo ukuba ngaphambi kokuba-12 iminyaka yobudala Bartholomew igcinwe zokuzila engqongqo. NgoLwesithathu nangoLwesihlanu, wadla nto, yaye ngezinye iintsuku badla isonka kuphela kunye namanzi. Ebusuku lo mfana soloko silala, ukuchitha ixesha emthandazweni. Yonke leyo sifundo kubekho impikiswano phakathi kwabazali lenkwenkwe. UMaria ephambanisa ezi uqulukubhode yokuqala unyana wakhe.

Nokuhlaliswa ku Radonezh

Ngokukhawuleza, intsapho Cyril noMariya baphela. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba indlu Radonezh. Kwathi kwiminyaka emalunga 1328-1330. Yaziwa kunye nesizathu sokuba elo athile usapho. Yayilixesha nzima eRashiya, nto leyo yaba phantsi kolawulo Golden mkhosi. Kodwa hayi kuphela nangezinto ngoko inkunzi abantu kwilizwe lethu ukuzeka kade umsindo, tell unikelo yayo kunzima nokwenza behlasela rhoqo kwi kulendawo. Tatar-Mongol khans ngokwabo wanyula yeyiphi iinkosana IsiRashiya ukuya bathethele a ubulawuli ethile. Kwaye ke ubuncinane uvavanyo kakhulu ukuba lonke uhlanga ngaphezu ayehlasela Golden mkhosi. Eneneni, "unyulo" ezinjalo bephelekwa yokugonyamela kwabo labemi. Oku Kwakusoloko wathi yena Sergiy Radonezhsky. ngobomi bakhe - umzekelo ocacileyo okuchasene kwenzekani ngelo xesha eRashiya. I seLizwe yaseRostov wemka Grand Duke of Moscow, Ivan Danilovich. Uyise saint elizayo ndawonye yaye wafudukela Rostov kwintsapho Radonezh, efuna ukuzikhusela ngokwabo, wabathanda ukusuka ukukhuthuza kunye neemfuno.

ngokuphila emishini

Xa ukuba uthile apho ukuzalwa Sergiya Radonezhskogo ayaziwa. Kodwa weva ulwazi ngqo zembali ngobuntwana bakhe kunye nobomi obutsha. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wathi, njengomntwana yena, wathandaza. Wathi akukhangela-12, waza wagqiba ekubeni athabathe izibhambathiso emishini. UCyril noMariya abazange amelane. Noko ke, baye usete imeko unyana wakhe, ukuba abe indela kude emva kokufa kwabo. Emva Bartholomew ekugqibeleni waba inkxaso kuphela kunye nenkxaso abadala. Ngexesha abazalwana uPetros Stefan baqalise iintsapho zabo baze baphile ngokwahlukileyo abazali babo abalupheleyo. Akamenezanga yini na ukuba silinde umfana, uCyril noMariya kungekudala wafa. Ngaphambi kokufa bona, ngokwesiko laloo xesha eRashiya, sathatha izibhambathiso emishini kuqala, ngoko ke schema. Emveni kokufa kwabazali babo, noBhartolomeyu waya Khotkovo-Pokrovsky Monastery. Apho, wathabatha izifungo emishini umzalwana wakhe, uStefano, ukuba sele ngabahlolokazi. Hayi ixesha elide, kaloku bekukho abazalwana. Ukulwela for "ubomi lingqongqo emishini", bakha ngaseludinini lomlambo Konchury entlango. Apho, phakathi kwe Radonezh boron osisithulu, ngo 1335 yakwaBartholomew wakha ibandla elincinane somthi, ogama lakhe behlonipha zintathu Ongcwele. Ngoku endaweni yayo kumi ibandla Cathedral ye Emnye oyiNgcwele. Kungekudala uMzalwan Stefan wafudukela Epiphany Monastery, abakwazi ukuba asithwale indlela obungqongqo kakhulu kwaye obungqabangqaba ubomi ehlathini. Kwindawo entsha; yena uya kuba umphathi. NoBhartolomeyu, wayishiya yonke yedwa, iye ngokuba Mitrofan umphathi kwaye bathatha izifungo. Ngoku ke, yayibizwa ngokuba seal uSergiyo Pawulos. Ngelo xesha ubomi bakhe wayeneminyaka engama-23 ubudala. Kungekudala uSergiyo waqala zithontelane lendela. Xa isayithi ye ecaweni Obumbe woonongendi, ethi namhla kuthiwa Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra. Uyise uSergiyo baqala apha ke umphathi yesibini (intloko Mitrofan). Abaziphethe ngayo abafundi bakhe umzekelo yenkathalo enkulu nokuthobeka. Indela Sergiy Radonezhsky akazange amalizo evela amarhamente neemonki esalelweyo ukwenza njalo, embiza ukuba baphile kuphela iziqhamo Ukuxelenga kwezandla zabo. Ubuqaqawuli woonongendi kunye umphathi yayo wakhula, waya kwisixeko waseConstantinople. Ecumenical Ubhishophu Filofei ne wozakuzo okhethekileyo wathumela umnqamlezo eSt uSergiyo, schema, kunye neleta paraman, leyo imbeko umphathi ubomi ilungisa, akugcine ukungena loonongendi Kin. Ukuthobela ezi zincomo, umphathi Radonezh yaziswa bakhe charter monastery obschinnozhitelny. kamva yasetyenziswa yoonongendi ezininzi Russia.

inkonzo iLizwe loobawo

Oku kuluncedo kakhulu kwaye kuhle kakhulu izwe bakhe Sergiy Radonezhsky. engama 700th lokuzalwa kwakhe lubhiyozelwa kulo nyaka. D. A. Medvedev, njengokuba umongameli we-Russian Federation isalelo kwi ekubhiyozeleni angasoze kunye nentsingiselo ukuba umhla yonke Russian. Kutheni qhoboshela ubaluleke uBomi saint kumgangatho karhulumente na? Eyona Imeko invincibility kunye inviolability lwelizwe zonke - kubo ubunye zabantu balo. Kuyaqondeka kakuhle kakhulu ngexesha uYise uSergiyo Pawulos. Kwakhona Kucacile abepolitiki zethu namhlanje. bazi kakuhle ukuba imisebenzi uxolo yengcwele. Ngoko ke, okuzibonela babesithi uSergiyo Enobulali, amagama cwaka nako ukufumana indlela yabo entliziyweni nawuphi na umntu, kuchaphazela iintliziyo yayimbi kakhulu kwaye erhabaxa, ubiza abantu ukuba uxolo kunye nokuthobela. Amaninzi ongcwele kwafuneka ukubalelana amaqela alwayo. Ngoko, wabiza izikhulu Russian ekumanyaniseni, yithini, nibubekile nxamnye iiyantlukwano zabo, zize zingenise kwabasemagunyeni benganga eMoscow. Yayamkela waba imeko oyintloko ukulungiselela lokukhululwa Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe. negalelo elibonakalayo uloyiso Russian kule Idabi Kulikov wenza Sergiy Radonezhsky. xelela ngokufutshane ngayo nzima. Grand Duke Dmitri, kamva wafumana igama lesiqhulo Don, phambi ukulwa weza saint ukuba athandaze ucele kuye ingcebiso, ukuba unako umkhosi Russian ukuba simchase yentshembenxa. Orda Khan Mamai wahlanganisa engaphandle umkhosi, kwakanye bonke ukuba amakhoboka abantu Russia. Abantu kwilizwe lethu zagutyungelwa luloyiko olukhulu. Ngapha koko, akukho mntu ningekabi nakomelela ukubetha umkhosi yotshaba. St. uSergiyo wabuza inkosana wathi ityala kwilizwe - oko kumkholisayo uThixo, amsikelele ngenxa edabini enkulu. Ubulumko, Bawo nguDmitry wayexele uloyiso phezu Tatar khan abuyele ngokukhuselekileyo ekhaya kunye uzuko umkhululi. Nokuba ke, xa Duke Grand wabona umkhosi ezininzi lotshaba, akukho nto kuyo babengcangcazela. Wayeqinisekile koyisa elizayo, apho azikhohlise uMfundisi uSergiyo.

Isigodlo engcwele

Sergiya Radonezhskogo Unyaka lubhiyozelwe 2014. Ingakumbi imibhiyozo emikhulu ngesi sihlandlo, sifanele silindele ukuba esekelwe kwiicawa nezigodlo. Ukongezelela Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra, eSt zakhiwe nezigodlo ilandelayo:

• Annunciation e Kirzhach kwiNgingqi Vladimir;

• Vysotsky Monastery e Serpukhov;

• Old-Golutvin kufuphi nedolophu Kolomna kwingingqi eMoscow;

• George Monastery kwi Klyazma River.

Kuzo zonke ezi yoonongendi abbots aba ngabafundi St. uSergiyo kayise. Ngenxa yoko, abalandeli neemfundiso zakhe yasekwa yoonongendi ngaphezulu kwama-40.

yamandla

Life Sergiya Radonezhskogo, ebhalwe umfundi wakhe Epiphanius ngasese izazi ezo, isixelela ukuba ixesha lakhe Umphathi Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra wenza imimangaliso emininzi. izenzakalo engaqhelekanga wahamba santa kubo bonke ubomi bakhe. Eyokuqala nokunxulumene ukuzalwa kwakhe ngokungummangaliso. Eli libali-zobulumko ngendlela umntwana esiswini noMariya unina njengengcwele ngexesha ezinkonzweni etempileni baduma izihlandlo ezithathu. Kwaye beva bonke abantu kuyo. Lo mqondiso yesibini - umfana Bartholomew yokufunda ukufunda nokubhala. On oko ibixoxwa ngokunzulu ngasentla. Nokuba kukho diva enjalo, ezinxulumene nobomi saint: ukuvuka imithandazo elineminyaka nguBawo uSergiyo. enye indoda elilungisa enokholo olomeleleyo saint wayehlala kufuphi weemonki. Kuphela unyana wakhe, inkwenkwana minor ubulawe uyagula. Uyise bamsa umntwana ezingalweni zakhe endaweni yako engcwele uSergiyo, ukuba wathandazela ngokululama kwayo. Kodwa wafa umfana lo gama uyise wenza isicelo sakhe umphathi. uyise lusizi waya ukulungiselela le bhokisi, waya kuwubeka emzimbeni yonyana wakhe. A saint uSergiyo Pawulos waza wathandaza ngokusuk 'entliziyweni. Yaye ummangaliso kwenzeke: inkwenkwe ngequbuliso ebomini. Xa intlungu wabulala uyise yafunyanwa umntwana lowo, wawa ezinyaweni seal, unikela indumiso. Yaye umphathi wamxelela ukuba ukwenyuka emathangeni akhe, esithi ukuba akukho mmangaliso apha: umfana kwakubanda yaye ubuthathaka, xa uyise bamsa woonongendi, kwaye kwisisele efudumeleyo seliphantse ukugqitha waza waqalisa ukuhamba. Kodwa le ndoda ayizange eqinisekile. Weza ukukholelwa ukuba eSt uSergiyo kutyhilwa ummangaliso. Kule mihla kukho ezininzi ukungamthembi bathandabuze ukuba seal usebenza imimangaliso. nentsingiselo yazo kuxhomekeka kwindawo ezizinzululwazi itoliki. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba lo mntu kude nokholo kuThixo, ukhetha ingqalelo ingcaciso malunga yimimangaliso saint, ukufumana kubo inkcazelo eyahlukileyo, enengqondo ngakumbi. Kodwa amakholwa amaninzi ibali ngobomi zonke iziganeko ezinxulumene uSergiyo, linentsingiselo ekhethekileyo yokomoya. Ngokomzekelo, amarhamente ezininzi uthandazela ukuba abantwana babo ukuqonda ileta, oluguqulelweyo ngempumelelo baphumelela iimviwo umnyango. Ngapha koko, lo mfana uBhartolomeyu, ikamva saint uSergiyo Pawulos, ekuqaleni kwakhona akwazi ukoyisa nkqu zokukwazi ukufunda. batarhuzisa nivuthe kuphela kuThixo kwakhokelela ekubeni lo mmangaliso kwenzeke xa inkwenkwe bafunda ukufunda ngendlela emangalisayo.

yobudala Old and Smer monk

Life of Sergiya Radonezhskogo nokumela feat nanto ukukhonza uThixo Lezwe ngenxa yethu. Oku kwaziwa ukuba ubomi ukwaluphala. Xa elele lokufa kwakhe, bebona ukuba kungekudala uza kuba phezu umgwebo kaThixo, ngexesha lokugqibela wabiza abazalwana bakhe, ukuba umyalelo. Abafundi bakhe ke wabiza ngaphezu kwabo bonke 'kuba ukoyika uThixo, "kwaye ukunika abantu" ukusulungeka umphefumlo nothando olungahanahanisiyo. " Abbot wafa September 25, 1392. Ke wangcwatyelwa zintathu Ongcwele Cathedral.

ukuhlonelwa monk

Akukho bungqina ibhalwe ukuba nini yaye phantsi kwaziphi iimeko, abantu baqala ukubona uSergiyo Pawulos nje ngayo. Ezinye izazi oyikholelwayo ukuba Umphathi Emnye Holy Monastery laye lamiselwa kwiminyaka 1449-1450. Emva koko nokubhala Metropolitan uYona ukuya nguDmitry Shemyaka nezo i-Russian Church ubiza nguMfundisi uSergiyo, hlela ukuba lo ngumba ophambili, kunye saint. Kodwa ke kukho ezinye iinguqulelo Ukumiselwa yakhe. Day of Sergiya Radonezhskogo yabhiyozelwa 5 (18) kaJulayi. Ngaloo mhla, ngokubhekiselele kwimibhalo Pahomiya Logofeta. Kuyo usixelela ibali loo mini kwafunyanwa esele saint enkulu. Nakule yonke Emnye Cathedral, le amanqugwala washiya iindonga kuphela kwimeko ekusongeleni evela ngaphandle. Ngoko ke, imililo ezimbini ezenzeka 1709 no 1746, kwabangela ukususwa izinto ezingcwele isicaka woonongendi. Xa amajoni Russian bayishiya omkhulu ngexesha lokuhlasela French ikhokelwa uNapoleon, iintsalela ka St. uSergiyo basiwa eSt uCyril-Belozersky Monastery. Ngo-1919, urhulumente yokungabi-nye ye-USSR wakhupha ummiselo osemthethweni ukuvulwa izinto ezingcwele saint. Emva akukho elikholekileyo kuThixo sele lwenziwe, iintsalela bathunyelwa Sergievskaya oluyimbali Art Museum ibe mboniso. Kungoku nje, izinto ezingcwele saint zigcinwa kwi Emnye Cathedral. Kukho ezinye umhla memory of umphathi wayo. Ngo September 25 (Oktobha 8), - ngemini Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Oku umhla ukuphumla kwakhe. Kwakhona khumbula uSergiyo 6 (19), xa bonke abangcwele aba iimonki bamzukisa yin'we Lavra of St. uSergiyo.

Tempile behlonipha St.

Enye abangcwele ezininzi ziyanqulwa eRashiya ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kugqalwa Sergiy Radonezhsky. Ibali lobomi bakhe igcwele zibakala yenkonzo engenamona uThixo. Wanikezela iitempile ezininzi. E Moscow kuphela, kukho 67. Phakathi kwabo, ezifana iTempile Sergiya Radonezhskogo e Bibirevo Cathedral Sergiya Radonezhskogo e Vysokopetrovsky woonongendi ecaweni Sergiya Radonezhskogo e Wren kunye nabanye. Abaninzi babo, asusela XVII-XVIII iinkulungwane. Kukho iicawa ezininzi amabandla kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwilizwe lethu: Vladimir, Tula, Ryazan, Yaroslavl, ESmolensk njalo njalo. Kukho nokuba eMonastri aphesheya kunye ingcwele, yasekwa wokuwonga elaa saint. Phakathi kwazo, ibandla iSt Sergiya Radonezhskogo kwisixeko Rhawutini apha eMzantsi Afrika, kwaye woonongendi Sergiya Radonezhskogo e Rumija, Montenegro.

imifanekiso monk

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula icon ezininzi wadala wokuwonga elaa saint. Owayemdala umfanekiso wakhe - yinto isigqubuthelo ngokwesindlwane, eyenziwe ngenkulungwane XV. Ngoku kwi sacristy kaBathathu Emnye, uSergiyo Lavra. Enye edumileyo isebenza Andreya Rubleva - "Icon of St. uSergiyo of Radonezh", nayo leyo iqulethe izitampu 17 uBomi le njengengcwele. Wabhala ngeziganeko enxulumene Umphathi zintathu Ongcwele Monastery nje kuphela ii icon kodwa imifanekiso. Phakathi amagcisa Soviet apha ukwahlula M. V. Nesterova. Eyaziwa umsebenzi wakhe: "Iinkqubo Sergiya Radonezhskogo", "Youth of St. uSergiyo," "Umbono Young Bartholomew".

Sergiy Radonezhsky. biography emfutshane ngaye abakwazi onokumxelela ngayo umntu ngokungaqhelekanga yena, kangakanani wenza ukuba kwilizwe lakhe. Ngoko ke, sigxile wemiphefumlo yabenceba, iinkcukacha zithathwa ikakhulu ukususela umsebenzi umfundi wakhe Epiphanius i Wise.