Biography of kaArchimedes. ezifunyaniswe ezibalaseleyo kaArchimedes

-Nzulu yamandulo Greek Archimedes yaba umsunguli, ingcali yezibalo, umyili, injineli, physics, ngeenkwenkwezi kunye yimakhenikhi. Waseka kwicala ezifana yemvelo zezibalo. Kwakhona, abaphandi baye iindlela lokufumana imiqulu, imiphezulu kunye neendawo kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo kunye manani, silindele calculus ezifunekayo. Nguye lo ngumbhali ubuqili obuninzi. Njengoko igama zezenzululwazi ezinxulumene imbonakalo imithetho ngokobuzwe, ukuqaliswa elithi "iziko womxhuzulane" kunye nophando kwinkalo hydrostatic. Xa amaRoma ehlasela kwizibuko laseSirakuse, inkampani zobunjineli ukuziphendulela benza kuloo mzi Archimedes.

Ngamaxesha technology ophezulu kunye ezifunyaniswe zizazinzulu, baqhele ukuqonda impumelelo njengento eqhelekileyo, engazi lutho ukuba isiseko solwazi ezikhoyo esabekwa Abaphengululi yamandulo thina. Baba ngoovulindlela. Ke Archimedes zaseSirakuse waba obukhulu kangaka kwaphela. Emva kwakhe ukuba uninzi izimvo zabo zibe practice. abaphila zisetyenziswa umsebenzi ngempumelelo, nangona nkqu ukuba ngubani umbhali zabo. Biography of kaArchimedes ukuba asinda kuphela iintsomi neenkumbulo. Sinikezela ukuba ziziqhelanise nayo.

Childhood nemfundo

Archimedes, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane eya ngezantsi, wazalelwa laseSirakuse malunga 287 BC. e. ebuntwaneni kwakhe kungqamane ixesha xa uKumkani nguSopatro esilwa imfazwe kunye Carthaginians kunye namaRoma, ukuzama ukwenza uhlobo olutsha karhulumente zamaGrike. Ingakumbi azakubalulwa kule mfazwe Hiero - isalamane of noArchimedes, owaba ngumlawuli yaseSirakuse. Phidias (uyise womntwana lowo) yaba Hieron uqikelelo. Oku kwamenza ukunika imfundo okulungileyo kaArchimedes. Kodwa lo mfana zange abanalwazi lwaneleyo theoretical, waza waya Alexandria, apho ngelo xesha kwiziko yenzululwazi. Apha, i kaPtolemy - abalawuli eYiputa - ziqokelelwe abafundi best isiGrike kunye iinkcuba ngayo ixesha. Kwakhona e Alexandria yaba enkulukazi ehlabathini, apho Archimedes kudala wafunda izibalo kunye nemisebenzi Eudoxus, Democritus, njl Kuloo minyaka, umphandi elizayo nomqeqeshi le ngeenkwenkwezi Conon, nangokuma kunye yezibalo Eratosthenes. Emva koko Wabakhapha yinxalenye yale mbalelwano.

umsebenzi wokuqala

Emva kokufunda Archimedes, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane kuye kwafika kubo bonke izazinzulu, wabuyela eSirakusa, ilifa nendawo Phidias - ngeenkwenkwezi enkundleni. Ngenxa Hiero wafika kwixesha loxolo. Ukuze yokuphuma inxaxheba kwi-First Punic War, walahlekelwa imali enkulu eRoma. Xa "General Imbali" Polybius wayichaza ngale ndlela: "Hiero weza ngamandla, ndingenzi udumo okanye ubutyebi, okanye naziphi na iziphiwo kwekamva. Akazange buhlungu, akazange khuphani, musa ukubulala, kodwa imigaqo njengoko '54 ... "Sekunjalo, Hieron, ezifana ezihlangwini zakhe, aphathwe kunye ingqalelo enkulu ekomelezeni mzi ukulungiselela imizabalazo kunokwenzeka emkhosini.

imisebenzi yesayensi

Indawo ngeenkwenkwezi waba luxanduva, kunye Archimedes ndikhululekile ukuba benze eminye imisebenzi. Ngokwemiqathango yeengcingane izifundo zakhe ezininzi. Imisebenzi yokuqala kaArchimedes nikela ukuba ubucukubhede. Wathembela phezu kwayo, yaye amaphepha ezithile izibalo. Ngokomzekelo, umphandi basebenzisa umgaqo lever ukusombulula iingxaki yemigca. Wenza izigqibo zemathematika echazwe yomsebenzi "Ngomhla lizama yamanani moya." Lo msebenzi we-nzulu Lelona laba yintloko yembombo "parabola squaring" (calculus efunekayo), nto leyo eza kuvula kwiminyaka 2000. Kwaye encwadini "On yokulinganisa isangqa" ngumphandi ebalwe lulwahlulo netoti isangqa kwi ubude bayo, okanye ngamanye amazwi, le PI inani (3.14). Ukongeza, onke zisasebenzisa amagama inkqubo ceba integers bakhe.

lwesayensi

Biography Archimedes uchaza ezimbini impumelelo yakhe ibalulekileyo zenzululwazi: imfundiso kumbindi womxhuzulane kunye nokuqulunqa umgaqo le lever. Kwakhona wazibeka iziseko hydrostatics. Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17, ezi zimvo zaye zaphuhliswa NjengoPascal, uGalileo, Stevin kunye nezinye iinzululwazi basebenzisa umgaqo Archimedes ', wachaza umsebenzi wakhe "On imizimba ezidadayo". Lo msebenzi lilinge lokuqala ukuvavanya xa kusenziwa imibono ebalulekileyo isakhiwo lomba ngokudala le modeli. Archimedes wabonisa nje izibonelelo ezininzi neziphambili iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-atom kwi engamanzi, kodwa ukuqinisekisile inani iingcamango atomistic of Democritus. Kulo msebenzi, yingqondi ngumphandi yenzululwazi walibonakalisa ngamandla ethile. iziphumo zakhe angaba kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19.

nezinye izifundo

Njengoko biography of noArchimedes, ngaphandle ukukhanda, inzululwazi kunye nezibalo, yena inxaxheba optic zemozulu nejiyometri. Kwakhona, ISAZINZULU yabamba uthotho Ukuhlolwa refraction zokukhanya. Kukho ubungqina bokuba kaArchimedes ubhale isincoko enkulu - "Catoptrics", kodwa ngelishwa, ayiyi zigcinwe. Ngenxa yalo iivesi eseleyo kunokuthi ke kuthathwe ukuba umcuphi wayesazi isiphumo sigade lens phakathi yi refraction-experimenti lwenziwa ukukhanya kwiindawo umoya namanzi, kwaye waba necebo malunga neempawu imifanekiso phakathi, khaxa kunye izibuko flat. Ngaphandle kucaphulo asinda enye kuphela theorem ebonakalalisa ukuba umqadi vangama ukukhanya njengokwasesipilini engile lweziganeko lilingana engile reflection.

ukuziphendulela eSirakusa

Ivula Archimedes kubunjineli bamzisa udumo ezininzi, awela umda hayi amazwe kuphela, kodwa iinkulungwane. Ngokucacileyo engineering misebenzi kwakhe wazibonakalisa 214 BC. e. ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni zomthonyama ISirakuse wakhe. Archimedes zibe leminyaka yakhe wesixhenxe. Yaba enye nempumelelo kakhulu kubomi zezenzululwazi. Apha wazibonakalisa nje kuphela Umsunguli, kodwa ibe umakhi obalaseleyo. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba izakhiwo yamandulo luqulathe kweendonga eqinileyo. Archimedes shelwe eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo zabo kwaye izinto eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo ezenzelwe kokuphelelwa eliphakathi ngokuhla. Wadala loxolo, izithuthi yokulwa kuvunyelwa ukuba bakhusele laseSirakuse ukusuka amaRoma ukuba ukuhlasela iminyaka emithathu.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Njengoko ubona, ubomi kaArchimedes zenzululwazi wawuqaqambile igcwaliswe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, yena wenza imisebenzi computationally-ngeenkwenkwezi. Tit Livy (umbhali waseRoma) wambiza "omnye neliso uhlobo iinkwenkwezi zezulu." Kwaye nangona alifikeleli nayiphi imibhalo omnye ngeenkwenkwezi ka kaArchimedes thina, asinako athandabuze ukuba ukunyaniseka kwale isici. Malunga kwiiklasi olu hlobo lomsebenzi ingqinwa ibali kwisigaba zesibhakabhaka zidalwe nguye, kwaye isincoko "I-Sand Reckoner", apho iingcali zenzululwazi bazama ukuba zibale inani engenakubalwa enjengentlabathi kwindalo iphela.

Kwincwadi yakhe umphandi umzuzu ukuba kwaziwe ukuba i "ukufunyanwa kwihlelo Archimedes '. Sisazinzulu sokuqala kwimbali inzululwazi kuthelekiswa iinkqubo ezimbini zehlabathi - i heliocentric kunye geocentric. Archimedes wabhala: "Uninzi ngeenkwenkwezi bakholelwa ukuba ihlabathi - ibhola ezisayiniweyo phakathi Umhlaba kunye iziko kwelanga." Ngenxa yoko, yena wayesazi imilinganiselo yehlabathi yaye esazi ukuba yena sokuzalwa. Oku ukuba abaphandi ukuba izibalo zabo ekupheleni.

isiphelo

Oku iphela biography of kaArchimedes. Wabonakala phambi kwethu njengononjineli, umphengululi, enye ingcali yale kunye popularizer yezenzululwazi. Iindibaniso okusebenzayo abaneetalente zemathematika kunye nezakhono besebe ngelo xesha lwepaki. Nakule lenzululwazi Archimedes weza umzekelo oqaqambileyo ngumphandi owakwaziyo ukudibanisa kakuhle ithiyori nge practice. Ngokuqinisekileyo, waba sesayensi engumzekelo, kuye kwabakho imfuneko yokuba athathe umzekelo kwezinye izizukulwana babaphandi. I Archimedes physics zemathematika icetywayo ngokunzulu baqonda okanye inzala yakhe, izazinzulu zamaXesha Aphakathi. Xa sicinga abaphandi, ngaphambi kwexesha, ukuba kaArchimedes phakathi kwabo kwirekhodi. Kuphela kwinkulungwane 16-17 zezibalo yaseYurophu bakwazi ukuqonda ukubaluleka ukubaluleka iminikelo yakhe zenzululwazi. Ukususela ngoko, umphengululi zamaGrike kwafuneka abalandeli kunye kwalo, livutha umnqweno lokubonisa kwithiyori yabo ekunokuzuzwa eziphathekayo. Kwaye ngoku, kwimemori zobunzululwazi genius owenza ukufunyanwa, waphinda sikhalazo ukuba kaArchimedes: "Eureka! Ndiyifumene. "