Units of measure of pressure

Ngethuba lokuqala, uluntu lwalujongene nengxaki yoxinzelelo lokulinganisa ngexesha lokwakha imithombo eFlorence. Ngenhlanhla kubakhi, i-physicist uToricelli wayehlala kuloo sixeko, owathumela ingxaki kwisakhiwo sokwakhiwa kwibhubhoratri yakhe, etshintshela amanzi nge-mercury ngenxa yamava amaninzi.

Imbali ayiyekanga ubungqina bokuthi ukufunyanwa kwe-physicistist yase-Italy kuncede abakhi, kodwa ukuba ubuntu bufumene ubungqina bokuba kubakho ukunyanzeliswa kwemoya akunakwenzeka.

I-Toricelli itlamki yafunyanwa nguBlaise Pascal omkhulu, owayenako ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwaye aqinisekise ukuba ixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwiqondo eliphezulu. Ngaloo ndlela, iiyunithi zokuqala zengcinezelo ziboniswe ngokuphakama kwekholam ye-mercury elinganiselwe kwiingqimba kunye nee-intshi. Kungokwemvelo ukuba iiyunithi zogonyamelo zanamhlanje zibizwa ngokuba ziqeshwe emva kokusosayensi.

Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo. Into elula kakhulu i-manometer yamanzi. Kuthiwa uLeonardo da Vinci ngokwakhe ubeka isandla sakhe kwisakhelo sakhe, kodwa ngenxa yoko ukuqiqa kwakhe okuntle akuzange kusetyenziswe ngexesha lobomi bombhali.

Kuphela ukususela ngexesha likaPascal ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwaqalisa ukusebenzisa ityhu e-U egcwele i-mercury. Emva koko, i-mercury yatshintshwa yityela lokucoca.

Xa uxinzelelo kwiimbini zombini zebhubhu zilingana, inqanaba le-liquid lilinganayo, xa uxinzelelo lusetyenziswa kwisinye isigxina se-tube, umda wokuphakama uvela.

P * (1) -P * (2) = gph, apho g kukukhawuleza komzimba owela ngokukhululeka, P kukuxininisa kolukhuseleko, h ummehluko ekuphakameni kwamanqanaba amanzi kumanometer.

Nangona i-gauge ye-pressure gauge iyancipha kakhulu, indawo yabo yesicelo iyancitshiswa ngenxa yobunzima babo, ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kunye nolwahlulo oluncinane, ukusuka kwi-20 kPa ukuya kwi-140 kPa.

Ngokuphuhliswa kwetheknoloji, iigraji zoxinzelelo ngebhasi yeBourdon ziye zanda kakhulu, ngamanye amazwi nazo zibizwa ngokuba zixinzelelo. Ngaphakathi kwelo manometer kukho ityhulwa ye-C enobhedu eneendlela zokuhamba. Xa uxinzelelo lisetyenziselwa ukuphela kwe-free, ityhubhu iyaqondiswa kwaye iigesi zihambisa utolo, olubonisa ukubaluleka kwexabiso kwisixhobo esikolweni. Ukuyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi umzobo webhubhu, isiphumo esingaphantsi kwesixhobo.

Izilinganisi zokuxinwa kwamatshini zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iingcinezelo ezivela kwi-40 kPa ukuya kwi-100 MPa. Ziyabonakala ngokuchithwa kokuchaneka kokulinganisa ngexesha lokusebenza kwexesha elide. Oku kubangelwa ulungiso olusisigxina lwenxalenye yokusebenza.

Iimodometer ze-piezoelectric zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-pulsating up to 8 * 10 ^ 3 GPa.

Ngokomlando, iiyunithi zomlinganiselo wexinzelelo azihambelani nomnye, kubonakala ukuba kukho i-chaos epheleleyo apha. Ifomula jikelele yokulinganisa ingcinezelo yile ndlela ilandelayo: P = F / S apho iP ingcinezelo, uF uyingamandla, i-S yindawo. Kwiinkqubo ze -SI, amandla alinganiswa kumatshini amatshini, indawo eemitha ezi-square - oko kuthetha ukuba ubukhulu beyunithi yoxinzelelo luya kuba n / m ^ 2, kwaye kuthiwa yi-pascal. Kodwa ngokwenza, i-atmospheres, imivalo, i-tori, mm ye-mercury, mm yekholam yamanzi, kg / cm ^ 2 isetyenziswa rhoqo kwakhona.

Masizame ukucacisa le ngxaki. Iimpawu zokulinganiswa kwengcinezelo yemozulu yi-mm ye-mercury okanye i-torus; Njengoko kuyaziwa, uxinzelelo lwemozulu olwamkelweyo kumgangatho lulingana no-760 mm we-mercury-eli xabiso lalibizwa ngokuba yi-atmospheric; Ibharki ilingana nelingana nemoya enye - le yunithi yendawo ye-GHS; Kukho i-atmosphere emoyeni, elingana nekG / cm ^ 2 - zonke ezi zininzi zisetyenziselwa njengeeyunithi zenkxaso-mpahla yokulinganisa ingcinezelo yegesi; Imitha yamakholomu yamanzi isetyenziswe kwimigangatho yamanzi kwaye ilingana ne-13.6 torr. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwi-physics, pascal kunye neziphumo zayo ezibonakalayo zibonwa njengeyunithi kuphela zeeyunithi zokulinganisa uxinzelelo.