Queen Elizabeth of England 2: biography, iifoto

Contemporary Queen of England Elizabeth 2, ogama engobomi Yinkcazelo ubomi bomntu, nto leyo eye yaba ubungqina zaphawula ezahlukeneyo, phezu kwetrone Ukususela ngowe-1952. Ulawulo lwakhe mde kwimbali yaseBritani.

Intsapho Childhood

April 21, 1926 wazalwa Queen elizayo England Elizabeth 2. Biography of a lilungu ubukhosi yokubusa Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso ngaphandle nemvelaphi yayo. Le ntwazana intombi ka- Prince Albert, ababethwala itayitile Duke, kunye nomfazi wakhe Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. uyise womntwana lowo, unyana ka-King George V.

Xa ngo-1936 lo kumkani wafa, itrone wadlula lilifa, unyana omdala, Edward VIII (uyisekazi ka-Elizabeth). Noko ke, yena walawula iinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngokutsho imithetho karhulumente, kwafuneka ukuba atshate nomntu elilinganayo ngaye koluphi kwintsapho yeengcungcu. Noko ke, ukumkani bakhetha tie ngeqhina lomtshato kunye oqhawule umtshato ayiveli sekile yasebukhosini - Bessie Simpson. Yaba yokuba yena sele etshatile kabini, iye bamqumbisa urhulumente, nto leyo eye wacela Edward ukuba asuke. Yena ngokwenene asiyeke wabuguqulela itrone ngokungalindelekanga kumzalwana wakhe omncinane, wathabatha igama isithsaba George VI.

Le obekulindelekile wathabatha elishumi Elizabeth indlalifa behlabathi likhulu uBukhosi British. Ukuba George wazalwa inkwenkwe, kwakuza kudlula isihloko kuye, kodwa ayizange yenzeke. Ikamva Queen Elizabeth 2 umntwana embindini ingqalelo kawonke njengommeli-isizukulwana esitsha ubukhosi elilawulayo ka Windsor.

umqhele Princess

biography kwangethuba kwiKumkanikazi of England Elizabeth 2 iyahambelana na isimo yayo njengendlela Princess of York. Kunye nabazali babo, wayehlala e Kensington. Enye zokuzonwabisa oyinhloko ukususela ebuntwaneni iye yaba ekhwele ihashe. Nto ayithandayo Queen wayethembekile kuyo kwasebuncinaneni bakhe. Ngelo xesha linye intombazana dyondzisiwe uluhlu olupheleleyo Sciences. ulwazi ezinkulu osakhasayo a phawu mandatory amalungu Windsor ubukhosi, njengoko Ziqulethe konke okusemandleni ukuba ukumkani nako ukunika kurhulumente. Ugxininiso olulodwa imfundo kwi Elizabeth zezingoluntu: Inkolo, uMthetho ne Art. Lo mntwana wabonisa umdla ingaqhelekanga ngolwimi isiFrentshi, ekhuthaza ootitshala.

Biography of Elizabeth 2 wajika elibukhali xa waba yindlalifa kayise, ukumkani. Kunye nabazali babo, wafudukela Buckingham Palace. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, iMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kunye nobomi ungakhathaliyo yaphela kunye volleys zokuqala imipu German kweli lizwekazi.

I-United Kingdom inkxaso Poland kunye kunye ally yayo ephambili eFransi yathi imfazwe kwi Wesithathu. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izigqibo eziphambili kwezopolitiko elithathiweyo nguRhulumente kunye nepalamente, intsapho yasebukhosini iye yaba luphawu ebalulekileyo umanyano lwesizwe phambi nokoyikiswa lwamaNazi ezikhulayo. Elizabeth 2 ngexesha ebuntwaneni senze-iingozi ikhule kakhulu ngeemvakalelo ukuba kwakufuneka iphumele zonke iintanga zayo.

Ngexesha Second World War

Nangona isibakala sokuba uHitler akazange nabuganga ukuthumela amajoni emhlabeni Ukuya KwiBritish Isles, amandla wayo umoya olwenziwe bombing rhoqo imizi zamaNgesi. Ingakumbi kuphangwa zokunyanzelisa rhoqo baba kwiminyaka yokuqala yemfazwe, xa Wehrmacht uloyiso ahlala phantse lonke elaseYurophu. uyise uElizabhete rhoqo watyelela-mkhosi. Sele 1940, lo ezihlangwini okokuqala uthethe bakhaya kunye intetho yesidlangalala abhekiswe abantwana kweli lizwe.

Phantsi kwale meko Wakhula Queen elizayo England Elizabeth 2. umntwana Biography waqalisa ukuveza umfanekiso kwexesha. Ngowe-1943 yena kuqala watyelela abantu, zakubon 'ukuba zenziwe kwi Grenadier webutho. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa phambi kokuba uzinikele Jamani, uElizabeth ndangenela umkhosi waza waba oomatshini-umqhubi ambulensi abancedisayo ngeeyunithi wabafazi self-yokuzikhusela. Princess wafumana isikhundla uLieutenant, yaye namhlanje yinto mlawuli esebenzayo, ngoko isihloko yayo yasemkhosini sisebenza. Oku kuthetha ukuba Elizabeth - ilungu lokugqibela Second World War, akwasala kwi pension emkhosini, ehlabathini lonke.

Wedding noFiliphu

Xa kuqala ihlabathi babuyela imisebenzi yabo eqhelekileyo kunye Queen elizayo England Elizabeth 2. Princess Biography ngo-1947 yabalasela umtshato kunye Filippom Mauntbettenom.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XX yonke indlu elilawulayo laseYurophu ngokusondeleyo munye. UFilipu ke umzukulwana uKumkani Greek George mna, yaye ilungu losapho lobukumkani Danish kunye owayeyinzala British Queen Victoria. Abo batshatayo ngumntu wonke njengoko umntwana 30. Emva ngokutshata UFilipu wafumana ngesiqu ye iNkosana Edinburgh. Nangona yokuba wazalwa ngowe-1921, lo gama impilo entle kwaye lenze ngokufanelekileyo imisebenzi yakhe dynastic. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, umyeni iKumkanikazi kaThixo, akazange athabathe indawo njengesiqhelo kuye isihloko Prince nomkakhe, waza wahlala iNkosana Edinburgh.

Philippe and Elisabeth waba bakowenu ezine: Charles, Anne, uAndrew Edward. Bonke ngoku abantwana kunye nabazukulwana, owathi yena, zimele intsapho enkulu yasebukhosini Great Britain. Charles, unyana omdala njengoko waba indlalifa kunina wakhe ngo-1952, xa wathabatha itrone yobukumkani, kwaye ihlala njalo unanamhla.

uthweso-sitshaba

2 koroleva Elizaveta wenyuka etroneni phantsi kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga. Ngowe-1952, yena kunye nomyeni wakhe baya eKenya, ngoxa thanga Great Britain, ekhefini. Kungenxa kweli lizwe nezingaqhelekanga, indlalifa ukuya etroneni ufumene iindaba elibuhlungu kokufa kukayise George V, owayelawula ilizwe iminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu.

Kwadlula iinyanga eziliqela ukuba balungelelanise ibekwa, nto leyo yayiza kuba luphawu ekuqaleni kobukumkani i-kwenkosi entsha. Lo msitho emisiweyo yabanjwa kwindawo yayo zemveli - Westminster Abbey. Elizabeth waba queen ezintsha 2. Xa wenyuka itrone oselula umlawuli oneminyaka engama-25 ubudala, ecaleni layo elijongene amehlo lwehlabathi ngengqiqo ngokoqobo ilizwi, ngenxa yokuba ixesha okokuqala isiganeko oko ukusebenzisa ikhamera ukusasaza isiganeko.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

British koroleva Elizaveta 2 wayehamba kakhulu ebutsheni bakhe. Lo mkhwa akashiywa ngemihla wokuqala wobukumkani bakhe. Xa Ukuvuma etroneni umlawuli lizwe batyelela, inxalenye amathanga Commonwealth British. Kwi-50 kunye 60s baqalisa inkqubo ukuzimela italente ezi ithi, zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo ehlabathini. Inkoliso yabo e-Afrika. Ukongeza, okokuqala kwimbali kumkani British batyelela Australia nase-New Zealand. Le ndoda yajika kuba koroleva Elizaveta 2. ngobomi umdla yomphathi kuthelekiswa nemeko yayo elikhethekileyo umdla kumntu yakhe ingqalelo yehlabathi.

Musa ukulibala malunga iKumkanikazi kunye nemicimbi zangaphakathi lamazwana. Wadibana rhoqo kunye nabameli yePalamente yaye yaxoxa-ajenda. Ngowe-1957, le ntlekele lokuqala yezopolitiko yaqhambuka iqela lasekunene-nephiko ilixa indawo yayo phezu kwetrone. Ngoko ke lowo abo babebambelele. Prime Minister Entoni nesazisi warhoxa. Ekubeni iqembu liphuhlise indlela yokunyulwa inkokeli yabo, ukumkanikazi kwafuneka ukuba athathe uxanduva ezandleni zabo.

Xa amanyathelo yabo yokuqala ngamandla Elizabeth badla wacebisana edume Winston Churchill. Emva kokubonisana oziphethe ihloniphekile kwagqitywa ekubeni makacebise candidacy ka Harold Macmillan, wavuma. Waba iNkulumbuso 65th of Great Britain ukususela kowe-1957 ukuya 1964.

Relations kunye Commonwealth

Nditsho ebutsheni bakhe, kwacaca ukuba bayahlelwa Queen Elizabeth 2 uya kunxulumana kuphela inkonzo ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Waba ngumlawuli ngelo xesha, xa kwamanye amazwe amandla ukumkani wayesele revolution owatshabalalisa okanye babe kuphela khala zokuhombisa.

Kwi-UK, imeko yayahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, kwakukho ubukhosi eziliqela, into efanayo kulwakhiwo lwalo karhulumente. Umzekelo, eJamani, Russia, Austria-iHungary. Kuzo zonke ezi amazwe amaziko karhulumente monarchical baphelelwa ligunya emva iimfazwe wamagazi. UK ukuthintela oku.

Noko ke, emva kokuba yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, kwacaca ukuba kuyimfuneko ukushiya ezingqondweni asebukhosini. Nokuba ngexesha uyise uElizabhete George VI India yafumana inkululeko - i perile ye-British Crown. Ngoku kwafuneka ukuba ingqinelane ukuba bashiye amabhodlo eziseleyo kwexesha elidlulileyo yasebukhosini umlawuli oselula.

Isixhobo ibalulekileyo ukuphumeza le njongo yaba Commonwealth. bokuphathisana British wenze yonke into ukuze babe wahlobana ngamathanga yalo yangaphambili, ngaloo ndlela ebanika iqonga ukuthetha ngokulinganayo. Ingakumbi ezininzi iingxaki ababekummandla Afrika, apho emveni kokuphuma amagunya British baqalisa revolution nemfazwe yamakhaya.

Elizabeth ngokwemveli ixesha elininzi wexesha unikezelwa neentlobano lizwe wakhe kunye eKhanada. De 1982, urhulumente waseBritani yaba ubunzima ethile kwezigqibo kweli lizwe. Emva kokuba utshintsho inkqubo enjalo ngaphambili, nto leyo elinye inyathelo ukuya ukungahoywa-nkqubo omdala British yokungenelela kwimicimbi ngamathanga yayo yangaphambili. Noko ke, Elizabeth kunye namhlanje uhlala ukumkanikazi obungu Canada. Ngowe-1976, waba phezu amalungelo kumkani wayivula Imidlalo Olimpiki e Montreal. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, uza kuthatha inxaxheba kumsitho eLondon. Ukuvulwa kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki kwenzeka ngo-2012.

Ke ukuba uhulumeni mihla le Commonwealth Lwezizwe, i-Elizabeth kunye namhlanje uhlala intloko nkqubo, nangona yonke imiba lombutho enokusonjululwa ngaphandle inxaxheba layo, lo gama iKumkanikazi oyintsobi yokomfuziselo.

Nentlekele losapho lobukumkani

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, ubomi yabucala losapho lobukumkani, nto leyo intloko Elizabeth, bonke ayegqunyelelwe ngezininzi iindaba kabi ezothusayo. Ngowe-1979, abagrogrisi ye ira babulala uyisekazi ka-Prince Filippa Luisa Mountbatten. Wayengenguye nje sisizalwane esisondeleyo kwiKumkanikazi, kodwa kwaba laseburhulumenteni ebalulekileyo, kwanaxa George VI, ingakumbi, yaba Viceroy yokugqibela India.

Mountbatten waba phezu kwezikhephe yakhe xa kupakwe ukuqhushumba elawulwa radio-watyalwa abanqolobi. Kunye naye babulala izalamane zakhe waza wasebenza ababekhwele inkwenkwe Irish. Kwangaloo mini, ubundlobongela olukhulu ukuncedisana yabo yokuhlasela nemibutho kwi amajoni aseBritani, ngenxa apho kwafa abantu abali-18.

Isibini leminyaka emva kwale ntlekele indlalifa Uyoyikeka itrone Charles, unyana uElizabhete watshata Diana Spencer. Princess of Wales lidumile phakathi kwabantu ngenxa yesisa sakhe kunye nemisebenzi zehlabathi.

Esi sibini wayenabantwana ababini - William no Harry. Unyana omdala lo umceli-mngeni elandelayo isihloko ukumkani emva kokuba uyise. Noko ke, ubomi bentsapho ka Charles noDiana zange baphumelele. Ke waba neentlobano nzima. Ekuqaleni 90 yee-Prince waqalisa ukuthandana elinye ibhinqa. Le meko yaba azamkelekanga Elizabeth, ababekholelwa ukuba nzima isibini lobuqu Eight isithunzi yonke imbewu yobukhosi. Ngokuzibonela, Charles noDiana umtshato ngo-1996. Oku zavelisa ihlazo enkulu yehlabathi.

Ekuncothukeni kufa phantsi iinkanuko njengaku-1997, iBritani lathwaxwa iindaba ezothusayo ukufa Diana xa i Paris yemoto. Kwiminyaka embalwa emva kwesi siganeko, Prints Charlz watshata okwesibini intombi yakhe yakudala Camilla Parker uBowles. Umtshato kwenzeka ngo-2005, xa abantwana bakhe emtshatweni wakhe wokuqala ukhulile yaye waphila ubomi elizimeleyo.

80th

Nangona kumanyundululu kunye iinkxwaleko, ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha ishukumisa Buckingham Palace, Elizabeth waphumelela kwimisebenzi yakhe yobukumkani amashumi eminyaka. Lo mlawuli British leyo ngokwesiqhelo ke intloko yaseTshetshi, leyo kwabunjwa ngexesha loHlaziyo ngenkulungwane XVI.

Ngemihla yakudala phakathi amaKatolika namaProtestanti engamabhodlo elide ingxabano. Xa ixesha elitsha lixesha lokuba intlanganiso zembali uxolelwaniso akwiintloko lamaBandla ezimbini - i Pope kunye British Queen. John Paul wafika eLondon ngowe-1982. Ngokudibana indlovukazi England ngokwakhe. Izithombe zabantu saa ehlabathini lonke.

Emva koko waziqhekeza Falklands War phakathi kweBritani Argentina. I-Queen akazange ukuthatha naziphi na izigqibo ezisesikweni ezinxulumene qhinga kunye amaqhinga. Noko ke, le impi olungawugqithiyo. unyana omncinane uElizabhete - UAndrew - bakhonza kwi British Army ngexesha yongquzulwano wayelilungu abasebenza ntaka.

Imfazwe yaqala ngenxa yokungaqiniseki zingafumanekiyo Falkland Islands, nto leyo imi nonxweme Argentina. Emva kweenyanga ezintathu ka-UK amadabi aselwandle iphumelele kwaye igcinwe Nqabakazi.

Elizabeth noMargaret Thatcher

Nangona Elizabeth akazange athathe izigqibo ezinxulumene emfazweni, le umthwalo wawa phezu kwamagxa omnye abanempembelelo abafazi British - Margaret Thatcher. Yena waye eyinganga yama Conservative Party no Prime Minister of lizwe kwi-1981-1990. Kuba nkqubo engqongqo sizimisele kaloku isiteketiso "Iron Lady." Ngaloo ndlela, iminyaka engama-80 ibhayisekili ababhinqileyo, eyayise intloko karhulumente yaseBritani.

Ngokutsho imithetho kunye nezithethe, iNkulumbuso veki nganye yabamba intlanganiso ukusebenza, apho yazinyaswa yi Queen Elizabeth 2. UK kunye nentsapho yakhe yayigcina nolwalamano olusenyongweni Thatcher. Ngamaxesha athile kulo lonke ilizwe amarhe okuba phakathi inkulumbuso kwaye umlawuli kwasekwa umahluko ibalulekileyo kule nkqubo namazwe angaphandle. Ezi abancokola ngenkuthalo akabaxwa yi-ndaba. Ngaphandle koku, yena kunye namagosa Thatcher Elizabeth lonke ixesha umohlwayileyo izigwebo ezinjalo.

Ngelo xesha kule minyaka ingama-80 yoluntu British ongenayo maxesha elula. Ngokuyintloko, oku ngenxa yokuba imeko yentlalo. Ngenxa-nkqubo lokonga, babucala monetarism, leyo enobuchule Thatcher, wandwendwela ilizwe nganeno ngaseludinini lobunzima kwezoqoqosho. amanyathelo yayifuneka ukuze kubuyiselo karhulumente. Queen, ngenxa kwimo yaso umthetho, ulifulathele igagasi nokugxekwa luluntu.

Diamond wobuyiselo yeBhodi

Ngo-2012 kwafika wentlokoma diamond wokulawula (iminyaka 60), abaveza uKumkanikazi of England. Iifoto yemibhiyozo lizwe liqalise iphepha elingaphambili amaphephandaba ehlabathini lonke. Elizabeth yaba wesibini emva Queen Victoria, ngubani bakwazi ukuphila ngokuvisisana nale yinyanga ebalulekileyo.

Le apogee lo mbhiyozo waba kuluhlu iinqanawa amakhulu aliqela wehla iThames eLondon. Ngokutsho manani, lelona elikhulu kwimbali kweenkqubo zamanzi. NgoJuni 4, xa iindonga Buckingham Palace esingethwe ikonsathi yomculo. Queen ukuyibingelela singers edume ezifana British Jesse, Elton Dzhon kunye nabanye.

Kunyaka ngaphambili, biography of Elizabeth 2 kwaye yonke indlu yakomkhulu wamiswa ngomnye isiganeko yovuyo. Wazimanya umzukulwana nomdala yomlawuli kunye yindlalifa uWilliam. Umfazi wakhe waqalisa Ketrin Middlton. Ngo-2013, Elizabeth okwesihlandlo sesithathu yaba ukhokho. UWilliam wazala unyana kunye yindlalifa kwitrone, eGeorge.

isimo queen Modern

I-biography engummangaliso ka-Queen of England Elizabeth 2 ngumzekelo wobomi benkosikazi, ebudeni beeminyaka, ngokugqithiseleyo yashiya amalungelo akhe yangaphambili waza waba ngumbuso welizwe owenza imisebenzi emele. Namhlanje umlawuli uyaqhubeka nokulandela izithethe zesikhathi sakhe etroneni. Kanye ngonyaka, ulungiselela intetho phambi kwepalamente.

Kwakhona intombikazi ihlala ihlangana nabameli kunye nabathunywa bezopolitiko. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, wayehlala ehamba kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo zeeplanethi, kodwa ngokubudala, ukuqina kwehambo kwawa. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kutshanje, ngo-2011, u-Elizabeth waya e-Ireland. Kwakuyindwendwe yamandulo. UBukumkani baseUnited Kingdom kunye nommelwane walo osentshonalanga baye baxabana ngeenkulungwane ezininzi. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinamibini, umzabalazo wase-Ireland wokuzimela (kuquka eNyakatho yeIreland) wathatha uhlobo lokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula, wabonwa nguye ngokwakhe ngu-Elizabeth 2. Ngangona kunjalo, iNgilani, yayinqoba le nkathazo kwaye yaqinisa ubudlelwane kunye neDublin.

Emva kwamashumi eminyaka ehleli etroneni umbusi wazuza indlela yakhe ekusebenziseni nepalamente. Njengomthetho, uzama ukuhlala kude nezopolitiko phakathi kwamaqela kunye nabalandeli beenkqubo ezahlukeneyo.

Kodwa kwakuyindlovukazi engabonakaliyo kwaye ingenakufikeleleka eyayifanele ikwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo xa kukho iintlungu kwipalamente. Ngokomzekelo, oku kwenzeka ngo-1957 no-1963. Kwimeko zombini, uNdunankulu wasula, kwaye iqela elilawulayo alikwazanga ukugqiba isigqibo malunga nomzuli. Emva koko ukumkanikazi wakhetha usihlalo wepalamente. Njalo ixesha livumelekile ukucima imeko kwi-Downing Street.

Namhlanje e-UK, bonke abemi belizwe bayazi malunga nayo yonke into edibene no-Queen of England Elizabeth 2. I-biography, igama elipheleleyo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ebomini bakhe ziyaziwa ngabantu bonke. Wakwazi, nangona ukuguqulwa kwexesha langoku, ukugcina igunya lobukhosi.