Valery Chkalov: engobomi, iifoto usapho

A lot of ezitratweni, izikolo kunye neminye imibutho zithiywe Chkalov. Ngubani lo mntu? Ngaphezu koko hola memory enjalo yena?

Kuba abantu eziqhelekileyo ubuncinane intwana encinane kunye ngembali yelizwe labo, Valery Chkalov - kukuthi, kuqala kwiinto zonke, umthetheli-crew, ngubani bakwazi ukuqhubeka moya ukubhabha yokuqala phezu North Pole, kungekhona. Umcimbi kwenzeka ngo kude 1937. Ikhosi laliphethwe ukusuka eMoscow (USSR) eVancouver (United States).

ebuntwaneni

Valery Chkalov wazalwa ngo 20.01.1904 kwilali kwi kummandla Nizhny Novgorod. Namhlanje, kwilali apho umqhubi wazalelwa, sisixeko Chkalovsk. Uyise wayesebenza boilermaker ezivenkileni karhulumente. Malunga unina uyazi mncinane kakhulu, wafa xa wayeneminyaka emithandathu ubudala.

Xa ndandineminyaka esixhenxe, Valery waqalisa ukufunda kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, emva kokuphumelela waya kwisikolo sobugcisa ngoku ebizwa ngegama lakhe. Wathumela ukuba ukufunda uyise ngo-1916. Emva kweminyaka emibini yezifundo, kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele ekhaya kuba ivaliwe esikolweni.

Ukususela ngelo xesha, Valery waba ngumfundi kayise. Usebenze izinto zentsimbi kwi obujoliswe, yaye kamva - njengokuba stoker kwi zibuya. Ngelo xesha ngenkuthalo ekuphuhliseni inqanawa, leyo kwatsala mfana amathuba akhe.

Ukuqala inkonzo

Isigqibo ukutshintsha imisebenzi valeriy Chkalov wathabatha emva 1919 wabona inqwelomoya okokuqala. Waza ke waya kukhonza kwi Red Army moya nempilo. ubuciko bayo moya lalikhona Nizhny Novgorod.

Lo mfana wayefuna ukuba kuphuhliswe ngakumbi, ngoko ngowe-1921, wenze ulwalathiso ababhalisele ukufunda kwi-School of the Air Force ulwalathiso emkhosini-theoretical (Egorov). Emva kokuphumelela kwakhe ngo-1922 waya yabaqhubi sikolo (titsh). Kwakhona le nkqubo esikolweni of aerobatics (eMoscow), isikolo ukudubula, kunye ukulwa emoyeni (Serpukhov).

Ngo 1924, umqhubi Valery Chkalov usiwe igama butho Nesterov. Yena ngoko uwuthandayo ophaphazelayo, kuvamile ukuba babonise isibindi kunye nesibindi ngokugqithiseleyo. Kuba engozini kudla elinqunyanyisiweyo iphaphazela.

Ukongeza, lo mfana waba iingxaki ingqeqesho kunye phezu komhlaba. Ngowe-1925, unyaka wakhe entolongweni ngumgwebi zomkhosi ngenxa kwakusiliwa etywaleni. Kamva gama lancipha ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Ngelishwa, la mava akaninikanga iziphumo ezintle, kunye neminyaka emithathu kamva, ngowe-1928, inkundla yasemkhosini kwakhona aligwebe umqhubi. Ngeli xesha emoyeni foolhardiness notyeshelo ngokuphindaphindiweyo uqeqesho wagwetywa unyaka entolongweni. Kwakhona, ukuba emsebenzini Olubomvu Army.

Ngenxa italente yakhe kuba nangoko waqalisa ukusebenzisa Alksnis kunye Voroshilov, ngubani ikwazile inyanga endaweni isivakalisi sikwixesha kwemiqathango. I pilot waba ngumhlohli kunye nentloko idalwe yesikolo

pilot test

NgoNovemba 1930, Valery Chkalov wabuyiselwa irenki, waye wathunyelwa Air Force NNI eMoscow. Emva kweminyaka emibini, wakwazi ukwenza ngaphezu asibhozo, anamanci moya uvavanyo, ukuba bagqwese ubuchule nokuqhuba iintlobo amathathu moya.

Ukususela ngo-1933, ubomi Valeriya Chkalova waphinda watshintsha - watshintshelwa ukuvavanya njengezelatha-ndlela ngowe-mveliso moya eMoscow. Apha nayo ezahlukeneyo Fighters ekuhlaseleni. Akazange ashiye, kunye foolhardiness umoya, akuba kakuhle lo mzobo ukunyuka igubu corkscrew ezicothayo.

Ngowe-1935 waba wawongwa Order of Lenin, kunye umyili UNikolai Polikarpov kulwenziwo ababelwa kakhulu. Yaba le mbasa iphezulu urhulumente.

Moya ukusuka eMoscow ukuya East Far

Lo moya bekufanele ukubonisa amathuba yokuvela mboni. Chkalov valeriy Pavlovich, wakhokela oogxa bakhe baqala 07.20.1936. Lo moya yathatha iiyure ezingamashumi amahlanu anesithandathu isuka, wada kwi siqithi Udd (Ulwandle Okhotsk). Ngeli xesha, loo nto iye yasuswa kweekhilomitha ngaphezu namawaka alithoba. Apho phezu siqithi, basithwesa moya wabetha othi "indlela Stalin kaThixo." Iya kuqhubeka de indiza elandelayo, apho inkoliso ukuphupha Chkalov, oko kukuthi ukusuka eSoviet Union eUnited States nge-North Pole.

Ngokuba moya ngempumelelo abasebenzi yawongwa kwisihloko Hero eSoviet Union kunye Order of Lenin. Chkalov valeriy Pavlovich zaboniswa jet labucala, nto leyo iye yagcinwa kule mini kwaye agcinwa Chkalovsk kwiMyuziyam.

Ukubaluleka kolu hambo zabalulwa yokuba Stalin ukuba wadibana abasebenza kwi Shchelkovo indiza ngo-Agasti 1936. Emva koko Valery Pavlovich amkelwa lonke kulo lonke Union.

Lo moya evela yiSoviet Union kwi-US

Eli qela ekuqaleni wayefuna ukwenza ukubhabha ukusuka USSR eUnited States nge-North Pole, kodwa ukufumana imvume yokwenza oko zange asenokungacaci kwangoku. Stalin wayengafuni ukuphindaphindwa ukusilela ezandihlelayo Levanevskogo ihlobo ka-1935. Kodwa emva kokuba uhambo ngempumelelo ukuba imvume Far East wanikwa.

Lo moya waqala 06.18.1937, yaye kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva yafika e Vancouver (USA). nzima kunokuba bekulindelekile ngakumbi Iimeko yokubalekela zaba. Oku kwaba ngenxa ukubonakala amahlwempu, okanye mandithi ukungabikho kwayo, kunye icing. Crew waloyisa asibhozo kunye nesiqingatha ophosa yaye wawongwa Order of Red Banner.

Valery Chkalov, iifoto lucaciswa kule nqaku, ndakwazi ukuphumeza izicwangciso zabo. Nangona yokuba wonyulwa, kunye Stalin wamthembisa intsika NKVD, akazange ayeke ukuba nenxaxheba kwiimvavanyo moya, ecinga ukuba umsebenzi zazo eziphambili.

ukufa

Ebusika 1938, Valery Chkalov, engobomi zigazi kuqwalaselwa ngokutsha, wabizwa ngokukhawuleza emva kwikhefu ngokunxulumene kuvavanyo umlweli entsha. Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, umqhubi yabulawa (12.15.1938) ngexesha ukubhabha yokuqala.

Ngokutsho inkcazelo ekhoyo, lo moya yalungiselelwa ungxamile, kuba efuna ukuba ixesha ukwenza yonke into phambi kokuphela konyaka. Xa babehlanganisene, lo moya kwafunyanwa phantse ezimakhulu mabini iziphene. Polikarpov sachasa ngobungxamo okungeyomfuneko. Kuba lo yena umiswe emsebenzini. Uvavanyo lwenziwa emhlabeni kuqala, ngoko ngaphandle nezixhobo kokwehla. Ku ekugcineni hamba-phambili ukwenza moya, kodwa kuphela ukuya kubude amawaka asixhenxe iimitha gear kokwehla kubuyiswe. Emva koko, phantsi imoto uvavanyo bekumele ukuba nihambe niye ke nakwezinye umqhubi.

Ngosuku kovavanyo lobushushu thabatha imashumi mabini anamihlanu degrees Celsius, kodwa wagqiba ekubeni ukubhabha Chkalov. Xa lihlala injini yayeka. Umqhubi wazama ukuhlala up, kodwa moya wabamba phezu ucingo esibondeni. Unobangela yokufa ukwenzakala ngenxa embetha intloko yakhe armature yesinyithi. Emva koko pilot baphila akukho ngaphezu kweeyure ezimbini. Wafa endleleni eya esibhedlele. Ngeli xesha umfazi wakhe zithwele lwesithathu intliziyo yomntwana. Yena ingxelo isehlo kuphela ngorhatya.

Chkalov wangcwatyelwa eMoscow, le ingqayi yafakwa eludongeni yesicelo. Abanye abaphathi-mveliso abathatha inxaxheba kulingo ucaphula, bagwetywa ixesha elide entolongweni.

Family kunye nabantwana

Ekunye nomfazi wakhe, Valery Chkalov, ogama engobomi - isihloko ukubuyekeza yethu, wadibana kwiminyaka omncinane. Ngowe-1927 batshata yaye kungekudala ndafumana umntwana wokuqala. Olga Erazmovna Nee Anut, wasebenza njengomfundisi.

umfazi Valeriya Chkalova wasinda kuye iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu anesithoba. Uye ebhalwe inani ngemisebenzi kunye ziinkumbulo nomyeni wakhe. Olga wahlala Erazmovna enamashumi alithoba anesithandathu ubudala, watshata akazange aphume.

Emtshatweni, baye oonyana abathathu:

• Igor (1928-2006).
• Valery (1935-2013).
• Olga (1939).

Unyana ka yolingo

Igor akazange ukuvavanya pilot uyise. Kodwa ubomi bakhe enxulumene ne-moya - yena wenjineli Air Force. Kwakhona kwazala ingxowa-mali ye-museum sungula ku kuyise Chkalovsk. Abantu abaninzi baba nomdla kudliwano-ndlebe, ukuba wafa Valery Chkalov. Lo nyana waphendula ukuba uyise isusiwe ngenxa yokuba yaba nefuthe elikhulu Stalin. nyana Wangcwatywa ukuba umqhubi idumileyo Novodevichy emangcwabeni.

Intombi yokufa kayise

Nyana Valery Pavlovich waba phantse elishumi ubudala xa ntlekele yenzekile. Wakhumbula uyise phezu iinkumbulo, nokuba moya naye phezu moya. Neentombi akukho nkumbulo ezinjalo. Valeria wayeneminyaka emithathu kuphela ubudala, yaye Olga wazalwa kuphela emva kokusweleka kukatata wakhe.

Kulo mzekelo, bonke abantwana Valeriya Chkalova uyibandezile ukukhunjulwa kwayo. Malunga kokufa kukayise yakhe ndlebe intombi Olga ngqo inguqulo bonke kwenzeke ngenxa rush abaleke moya "ezimanzi". Valeria ngqo inguqulo uyise isusiwe, amalungiselelo ngabom iimvavanyo moya sinesiphene.

Ngo-1938 waye kwincopho zocindezelo, kuqukwa eyama, ngoko akukho nto oodade musa kubona ukuba uyise wabo kungenza ebufundisini omelela yingozi.

Ukukhunjulwa hero

Valery Chkalov (iminyaka yobomi - 1904-1938) wayengomnye wabantu abaninzi abadumileyo eSoviet Union. Imbeko yakhe, ebizwa ngokuba umasipala, umbutho ubuvulindlela, butho wamajoni. igama lakhe igama elinye iziqithi kuLwandle Okhotsk, leyo lawela abasebenzi ngexesha esemoyeni ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eMpuma Ekude, ngokunjalo nomzimba Iziko kwinkqubo yethu (inombolo 2692).

Igama layo emva isixeko apho wazalwa. Ngelo xesha ke kwilali Vasilevo. Igama yakhe kwiindawo ezininzi eRashiya, eUkraine, Tajikistan. Kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo ibekwe kwengeniso kunye umonakalo, kwakunye kubumelwane, iindlela, izitrato kunye nezikolo ogama emva kwakhe. Ngelo xesha, oko kukhutshwa izitampu, iinkozo zanikezelwa Chkalov.

Zakhululwa kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo, kukho biopic malunga nobomi umqhubi. Eziphambili kakhulu ke oluthi "Chkalov" (2012) kunye "Abantu owenza ihlabathi ngeenxa zonke" (2014).

Valery waphila iminyaka engamashumi-emine kuphela. Ngeli xesha waphumelela kwizikolo moya ezininzi, wenza moya ezimbini inzima phesheya North Pole, kabili wagwetywa entolongweni izihlandlo eziliqela ngaphandle ndakukhupha oluBomvu Army, ilandelwe yi ukuncitshiswa. Yena nomfazi wakhe baba nabantwana abathathu, abasigcinayo memory kayise. Nomkakhe, umhlolokazi waphila iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu, yaye abazange satshata elide, ukugcina kwimemori yendoda yakhe.

Kuba baninzi, oko kwaye ihlala ligorha ixesha lakhe. Oku kubonisa yabantu kwentliziyo, zonke iitalente bakhe kunye nokuba mathidala kuhlala ngoxolo, njengaye wonke umntu. Ubomi bakhe wayemfutshane, kodwa olunzulu, kunye nokufa - kabuhlungu.