Nienschanz. inqaba Swedish kunye nesixeko Nienschanz Nien (Nyen)

Ukuphunyezwa oselula Peter I izicwangciso bekungenakwenzeka ngaphandle enkulu izibuko evulekileyo, esizokwenza eRashiya ukuba abe unxibelelwano elwandle ithi yaseYurophu. "Imbali" iincwadi zezifundo (Grade 5) ubalisa ibali ngokoyisa Ingria, kwaye kweli nqaku ezinye iinyani malunga lokufakwa iinqaba Swedish, emi phezu kweenxweme Neva kunye Okhta. Okwangoku, i-Swedish, igama iyalila yokubonisela Nyuenkas, kodwa historiography Russian Fort ukwaziwa ngegama Nienschanz inqaba.

Imvelaphi le nqaba

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIV kwaye phantse ezingamakhulu amathathu iminyaka Swedish zoBukumkani liphuhlisa amazwe lweBaltic ukuba ligqithiselwe phantsi kwemiqathango Orekhov hlabathi. mazwe Neva and Ladoga engafakwanga kuluhlu izilangazelelo karhulumente. Ku kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII, kwagqitywa ukuba abuyele amazwe ezilahlekileyo. Ukuqala kunye noRhulumente Sweden wonyulwa ukuba isisombululo yezopolitiko kule ngxaki. Omnye koonyana uCharles IX waba ithuba lokuba athathe isihlalo Russian. Kodwa oku ivimbelwa imfazwe elide kunye eDenmark, leyo eyaphela ngo 1613 Ngeli xesha, ithuba lokuba ukumkani Russia yalahleka - wenyuka etroneni namathole uMikhail Romanov. Kodwa izicwangciso Sweden sokomeleza kweenxweme Neva zange ulibele, noYakobi de Lagarde e-intloko yomkhosi Swedish, wahambisa isithsaba ukwakha inqaba ukukhusela imimandla esele oyisa.

Ukwakhiwa inqaba

Le mbono yaye yavunywa yi-Chief kakumkani kwaye iyaxhaswa yi-yiPalamente Swedish - Riksdag. Ngowe-1611, lwakwakhiwa nqaba, leyo kamva waziwa ngokuba Nienschanz, nelicaciswa Russian njengoko "esomeleza Neva."

Kakade ke, igatya ebalulekileyo, ezazithabathayo Nienschanz inqaba, kwacaca ukuba urhulumente Swedish. Yonke kwekhulu XVII sanikezelwa ukomeleza kunye nokuphuculwa uyilo ukhuseleko sakhiwo. Ngowe-1675 isicwangciso yokuguqula Fort sele sivunyiwe yi ukumkani Swedish lwaza zinyanzelwe. Umlimi ngamnye Karelia kunye Ingermanland sanyanzeleka ukuba ukusebenza inyanga, ukuphucula Nienschanz.

Ngu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII ibe ekomelezeni ngendlela yewotshi yamasiba, kwaye ibe ngumntu bulk ukuphakama shaft ukuya kwi-19 m. Ravelin ezimbini, zintaba ezintlanu kunye nezixhobo mihla wenza ukwakha wokhuselo enkulu inqaba.

ezenzekayo Nien

Neva - indlela zorhwebo, ezaziwayo Vikings, akumangalisi ukuba kwakukho kufuphi nqaba uDavide, waza waba imizi ezanda Nien.

Esi sixeko, iiprojekthi eSweden, iye wazalwa ikomkhulu onke amazwe empuma - Ingermanland. Kwi ingubo isixeko ngayo iingalo kuboniswe ingonyama ngekrele emi phakathi imilambo ezimbini, ngenxa yobukho wamajoni balwa kwi imilomo Neva kunye Okhta.

indawo evumelana umdla kule ndawo amagcisa kunye nabarhwebi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Apha baphila oyimbumba eFinland, amaJamani, Russian, Izhors, Dutch. Kwakukho iicawa zamaProtestanti, ibandla yamaLuthere, kwaye ekhohlo elunxwemeni Neva River zinokuhonjiswa Orthodox. Phakathi elunxwemeni elijikeleza wokuweza. Business nembalelwano zabucala lwenziwa isiJamani Swedish.

Ukongeza kwiivenkile ngemiyinge emincinci kunye warehouses kwi Nien zazakhiwe isibhedlele,-mveliso isitena, yokwenza nokulungisa iinqanawa, a gases kwaye nkqu kwikhaya lokonga. Phakathi kwamacala amabini, nto leyo ke yakhiwa phakathi komzi, lo wokuweza.

Ukuphumelela urhwebo kunye nokhuphiswano phakathi kwezinye izixeko lweBaltic kukhokelele ekubeni ngo-1632 abemi abhenela kukumkani Swedish kunye uxwebhu lwezikhalazo ukunikezela kubo amalungelo abathengisa, leyo kamva zona.

Izibuko waba mipu kunye irhafu. Ukwanda kukhetho kurhwebo kwakhokelela imvuselelo korhwebo kunye nempumelelo yabemi.

Balwa Fort kuphela ngumqondiso wokuqala uthungelwano iinqaba ezinamandla, lowo besilungiselelwe ukuqinisa umhlaba Ingermanlandii. Kodwa ekuqaleni Northern kweMfazwe kuthintele ukuphunyezwa kwezi zicwangciso.

ukuthatha Nyenschantz

Imbali kwenkulungwane ye-17 eRashiya waqalisa kunye zokupapashwa imfazwe wasentla. Peter I wayesazi kakuhle ukubaluleka yesixeko Nien ebumelwaneni naye ukuqinisa. Ngoko ke, elinye inyathelo lokuqala yamajoni yokumkani wayethatha Nyenschantz.

Phantsi felmarshala jikelele Sheremetev yomkhosi Russian waba Shlisserburge, no-Aprili 23, 1703 wenza isixeko kwaye ihamba ngaphaya kodonga lasekunene Neva River, akufika kuloo ndawo apho nqaba Nienschanz. A kwecala amawaka amabini amadoda wathunyelwa ukuba ahambe, izikhephe bawela Lake Ladoga isondela inqaba balwa. kuhlaselwa ngesiquphe bamoya beemboniselo umkhosi Swedish njengesibambiso nokomeleza ayenziwanga ilungiselelwe yaye bambalwa. Aprili 25 weza kwinqaba isambuku mkhosi. Inxalenye yomkhosi wawela Okhta kunye nenxalenye imi emva phantsi kwekhwapha shaft engaphandle. Bayirhawula inqaba, nabangqingi baqalisa ukwemba imisele ukuba ufakelo iibhetri zokudubula. Night ngamanzi ukusuka Shlisserburga babuyiselwa mortars, sekhe neembumbulu kubo.

ngo April 26 ukuba bathathe inxaxheba lokufakwa ezinqabeni zokumkani kweza kuPetros neqembu yakhe. Ngo-Aprili 30, zonke izenzo Bohlaselo aye abulawa, kwaye kwingqwayi-ngqwayi inqaba sele ithunyelwe ukuze anikele uzinikele kuye. Kwi-7 emva kwemini Nyenschantz abavikeli wavula umlilo. The balwa baye badutyulwa ngentsimbi yesihlanu kusasa, waza wavuma uzinikele kuye.

emuva le nqaba

Lokufakwa inqaba sele elibekwa isivumelwano uzinikele kuye. Phantsi ngokoMthetho abavikeli Ekugqibeleni ke kwabo bonke imana indlela yokuphuma nqaba e Vyborg kunye Narva kunye iibhodi kunye nezixhobo. Xa ixesha lokuthatha le nqaba igama Shlotburg.

IBhunga Military esenzeka emva ukumanywa umkhosi Russian kwi kweenxweme Neva, bagqiba okumiselwe Shlotburga. Le dolophu sasisincinane kakhulu ukuba ubenetloni. zokwakha Vula a inqaba omtsha kwathathwa Hare Island.

Peter ngokobuqu wabukela Nienschanz inqaba yadilizwa emhlabeni. Buildings lokutyunyuzwa, baphuke, isigodlo, isusa inkumbulo yokomelezwa Swedish. City Nien kwakhona ubunzima ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni, kodwa ezinye izindlu kunye izitena izityalo wahlala uqinile yaye kamva asetyenziswe ekwakheni izakhiwo yokuqala eSt Petersburg. Kwisayithi ye inqaba yangaphambili ukumkani wayalela ukuba ezine emide imasti umthi.

Nienschanz emva kokuthatha

Ababephila Northern War wathi iminyaka ngaphakathi 15, njengoko yokubonisela Nienschanz uya ilityalwe, kodwa mappers data zibonisa ukuba iintsalela esi sakhiwo ukuzithethelela wabakho ngaphambi kokuba imi--10 kwinkulungwane ye-19. Ngowe-1748 kwisayithi ka kronverka Nyenschantz buchopho Rastrelli ukubeka isiseko le Smolny Cathedral. kamva Inland inqaba leminyaka ukuthatha yokwakhela Petrovsky mveliso.

Museum Nienschanz

Ekuqaleni 90 ubudala. XX ngekhulu Petersburg archeologists kugrunjwa kwi Okhta River kummandla emlonyeni lomlambo. Okufunyenweyo eqokelelweyo ukuba uvule imyuziyam, igama elipheleleyo apho iyalila "700 Iminyaka Landskrona, i Neva ichweba, Nyenskans". I-museum ziveza nokuqiniswa planograms kunye lwawo. Njengoko ngokunjalo kokufumanisa ukuba ukugcina imbali. kakhulu Grade izikolo 5 zasesekondari ukwandisa inqanaba labo lolwazi, zama avuleke exabisekileyo yimyuziyam.