Kursk, 1943 I-Battle of Kursk

Abantu, ndizilibala elidlulileyo zabo, akukho elizayo. Ngoko nangoko waxelela sobulumko yamandulo yamaGrike uPlato. Phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, "elinesihlanu republic-oodade" united "Rus Enkulu", yoyisa isintu - Fascism. nempi enkulu yabalasela ezininzi zoloyiso oluBomvu Army, leyo kubizwa ngokuba isitshixo. Umxholo wale nqaku yenye iimfazwe isigqibo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II - Kursk, omnye iimfazwe ezibalulekileyo yaphawula wabongamela lokugqibela omkhulu zethu kwaye kakhulu-kwanootatomkhulu phulo qhinga. Ukususela ngelo xesha, nabananisi baseJamani baqalisa ukroboze yonke imida. Intshukumo ngenjongo ezimbalwa ukuya eNtshona. Ukususela ngelo xesha, amaJamani bandilibele ukuba kuthetha ntoni na "phambili eMpuma."

ukufana zembali

Kursk ngxabano yenzekile 05.07.1943 - 23.08.1943, ilizwe lokuzalwa Russian, apho kanye kubanjwa ikhaka lakhe Grand Prince Alexander Nevsky. isilumkiso wakhe wokuprofeta ukuya angaboyisi Western (lowo wezayo kuthi ngekrele) malunga ukutshatyalaliswa ngxaki Russian ukuhlangabezana ikrele kanye kwakhona nempembelelo yayo. Akumangalisi, i Kursk into efana emfazweni, le Prince Alexander leTeutonic Knights kwi Lake Peipus 05.04.1242 ngonyaka. Kakade ke, imikhosi incommensurable, ububanzi kunye nexesha ezi iimfazwe ezimbini. Kodwa ke imeko yale amadabi ezimbini into efanayo: imikhosi eziyintloko amaJamani bazama ukuba atyhudise ngokulandelelana embindini emfazweni Russian, kodwa batyunyuzwa offensives emihlubulweni.

Ukuba, ke, iinzame ebambekayo ukuba yintoni na unique Kursk, isishwankathelo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i nanto kwimbali (phambi nasemva) loxinano zokusebenza Committe nganye-1 km womphambili.

Notyekelo lokulwa

Lohlaselo ye-Red Army emva Idabi Stalingrad ukususela kuNovemba 1942 ukuya kutsho ngoMatshi 1943 yabalasela ngokoyiswa komyalelo lutshaba ngamaqela 100, elahliweyo evela North Caucasus, i-Don, iVolga. Kodwa ngenxa ilahleko ekungenwe ecaleni zethu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo 1943 phambili ngcono. Imephu ngokulwa embindini umgca ngaphambili nxamnye amaJamani, kwicala yomkhosi Hitler, emi lunamaqoqo ukuba emkhosini wanika igama Kursk Velile Lolwana. kwentwasahlobo 1943rd bazisa ukuba senze ukuya ngaphambili; lowo akayi kuza imikhosi, macala omabini indenza uyiqwebe kwakhona ukumbamba inyathelo qhinga.

Ukulungiswa Germany yamaNazi

Emva kokoyiswa Stalingrad, uHitler wabhengeza ngokugaya, nto leyo ekhokelele Wehrmacht wakhula ngakumbi kunokuba offset ilahleko zabo. "Phantsi umpu" kwaba 9.5 million (2.3 million kuquka reserve). 75% ye ezininzi yokulwa-ukulungele amajoni obambeleyo (abantu abazizigidi 5.3) ezibe ngaphambili eSoviet-German.

I-uMlawuli walangazelela ukuba ganga ngoku inyathelo ngobuchule emfazweni. Ingongoma zatshintsha, ngokutsho kwakhe, kwafuneka ukuba kwenzeka kwicandelo ngaphambili, apho Kursk Velile Lolwana. ukusebenza ngobuchule "akamsalisela" iye yenziwa ukwenzela kuyilo abasebenzi Wehrmacht. Esi sicwangciso kubandakanya isicelo ziyahlangana ku Kursk imigca (ukusuka emantla - ukusuka kwisithili Orel, ukusuka ezantsi - ukusuka kwisithili Belgorod). I 'imbiza' ngaloo wayifumana Voronezh kunye izimpi Central.

Ngu lo msebenzi kule nxalenye phambi namacandelo 50 nendawo kubandakanya 16 Itanki kunye njini, bebonke imikhosi inabasebenzi ngokupheleleyo yokunombola ekhethiweyo million 0.9; 2.7 amawaka kwamatanki .; 2.5 amawaka moya .; 10 amawaka. Mortars nemipu.

Eli qela ikakhulu yaba lenguqu ukuya izixhobo ezitsha: amatanki "Panther" yaye "uTiger" imipu ukubetha "kuFerdinand".

Indawo umyalelo Soviet

Ekulungisweni umkhosi Soviet ekulweni anconywe ubunkokheli italente uSekela Commander Ephakamileyo G. K. Zhukova. Yena, kunye oyiNtloko le-General Staff A. M. Vasilevskim ingxelo ukuya Commander Ephakamileyo lwacebisa uStalin ukuba Kursk uya kuba indawo enkulu elizayo imfazwe, kwakunye eyiyona kwangaphambili ukuza liQela eliCebisayo amandla yotshaba.

On line phambi lwamaNazi abaphikisa Voronezh (umphathi - Jikelele Vatutin N. F.) kunye Central Front (umphathi - Jikelele Rokossovsky KK) inani elipheleleyo labantu million 1.34. kwezikhali yabo yayiba 19 lamawaka mortars nemipu .; 3.4 amawaka kwamatanki .; th 2.5. iinqwelo-. (Njengoko ubona, inzuzo waba kwicala labo). Ziyimfihlo emva utshaba ezidweliswe fronts ibekwe eceleni emathafeni Front (umthetho I. S. Konev). Kwakugcwele netanki, inqwelomoya kunye imikhosi ezintlanu entsimini, zincediswa izakhiwo ngamnye.

Ulawulo kunye nolungelelwaniso eli qela ikhutshwa phandle buqu G. K. Zhukovym kunye A. M. Vasilevskim.

isiCwangciso okulwa

icebo yalelani zhukov babezicingela ukuba kuliwee i Kursk ukwa- iya kuba nezigaba ezibini. Okokuqala - ukuziphendulela, okwesibini - lohlaselo.

Kwagqitywa mayixhotyiswe zintshula kuloo ubunzulu (km 300 nzulu). Ubude lilonke imingxuma yayo malunga lilingane kumgama "Moscow - Vladivostok". Yena 8 imigca enamandla zokhuselo walungiselelwa. Injongo ukuziphendulela enjalo ukuba buthathaka utshaba, ukuphucwa yeli nyathelo, kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba kube lula umsebenzi ezayo. Kwisigaba sesibini edabini ezikhubekisayo ukucwangcisa ukuphunyezwa offensives ezimbini. I lokuqala: "Kutuzov" umsebenzi ukuphelisa amaqela ngokungenalusini karhulumente kunye nokukhululwa wesixeko "Eagle". Okwesibini, "Rumyantsev" ukutshabalalisa Belgorod-eKharkov amaqela abahlali.

Ngoko, kwi inzuzo kanye Red Army Battle of Kursk kwenzeka icala eSoviet "zokhuselo." Kuba inyathelo ekhubekisayo, njengoko amacebo ezifundiswa efunekayo amaxesha amabini okanye amathathu lee inani mkhosi.

neziqhushumbisi

Kwenzeka ke ukuba amajoni ekhubekisayo lwamaNazi wayesaziwa kwangaphambili. Ngomhla olwandulela iinjineli baseJamani baqalisa iindinyana prodelyvat ngo minefields. ESoviet intelligence eziphambili azibopha ukulwa waza wathabatha amabanjwa. Ukusuka "Iilwimi" yaziwa ngexesha: 3-00 ka 07.05.1943

Impendulo yaba ekhawulezileyo nezaneleyo: I-2-20 07/05/1943, umncedisi Rokossovskim K. K. (umphathi we-Central Front), ngemvume uSekela Ephakamileyo Commander G. K. Zhukova inyanzela zokudubula abaphambili abasebenza lwenziwa neziqhushumbisi enamandla zokuthintela. Yaba ezintsha yokulwa amaqhinga. Ngokutsho abahlaseli zaye ukuba badubule amakhulu "Katyusha", 600 imipu, 460 mortars. Kuba amaNazi ukuba singumbono omangalisayo epheleleyo, bahlupheka ilahleko.

nokuhlelwa ngokutsha 4-30 Kuphela, bakwazi ukuqhuba ukulungiselela zokudubula wayo, kwaye 5-30 ukuthatha lohlaselo. Idabi Kursk yaqala.

Ukuqala edabini

Kakade ke, asizizo zonke onokuchaza iinjengele zethu. Ngokukodwa, kwaye abasebenzi ngokubanzi, kwaye izinga elindelekileyo amaNazi eziphambili ezipalini kwicala wasezantsi, umzi Eagle (olukhusela phambi alimwi central - Jikelele Vatutin N. F.). Enyanisweni, i-Battle of Kursk kwicala imikhosi yaseJamani yabalaseliswa kwi Voronezh Front, evela entla. Ngomhla abendlu General Vatutina Nikolaya Fedorovicha wafudukela ithathele ezimbini lamatanki enzima neembambaniso vehicles ezisibhozo, iCandelo imipu ukubetha, omnye hlula ezizimoto. Kwisigaba sokuqala imfazwe kwilali yokuqala kusemsini Cherkassy (phantse yadilizwa phantsi), apho ezimbini eSoviet amacandelo umpu kwiintsuku ukuzidambisa utshaba amaqela ukuhlasela ezintlanu.

Le Amaqhinga lohlaselo German

karate nice, lo War Enkulu. Kurskaya Duga wabonisa ngokupheleleyo longquzulwano phakathi izicwangciso ezimbini. Kwakubonakala ngathi lohlaselo German? Ngaphambi phambi ukuhlasela ebelisiya izixhobo ezinzima: amatanki 15-20 "uTiger" nemipu self-ngokwaso "kuFerdinand". Emva kwabo elandelwa amahlanu ukuya kwikhulu kwamatanki medium "Panther", kulandele elihamba. Lehla umva, bahlangana kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukuhlaselwa yayifana tide, bexelisa omnye komnye.

Landela amacebiso mbali zomkhosi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, Marshal eSoviet Union, uNjingalwazi Zaharova Matveya Vasilevicha sezulu, idealize isampulu yokuzikhusela yethu ka-1943 uya kumisa ngaphandle ngokungaqhutywa luluvo.

Kufuneka sithethe malunga Amaqhinga itanki idabi waseJamani. Kurskaya Duga (kufuneka iqatshelwe) yabonisa ubugcisa Colonel-Jikelele kaHermann Hoth, yena "umYuda", ukuba ndiya kuthi ukuze malunga amatanki, iye yaqalisa umkhosi wayo 4th edabini. Kwangaxeshanye, sethu impi 40 iitanki 237, exhobele kakhulu zokudubula (neeyunithi 35.4 ngalinye 1 km), phantsi umyalelo Jikelele Kirilla Semenovicha Moskalenko kwakungaphezu ukuya ngasekhohlo, ie, ngenxa yomsebenzi. Abachaseneyo jikelele Gotu 6 Guards Army (umphathi IM Chistyakov) yaba ezinoxinano lwemipu nge-1 km - 24.4 iitanki-135. Ikakhulu ngenxa 6 Army, hayi eyona inamandla, ehlise ifuthe Army Group "South", iqela lwayo zephephandaba kakhulu unesiphiwo Wehrmacht UErich von Manstein. (Hi ndlela leyi, lo mntu waba ngomnye abambalwa abasoloko walwela isicwangciso kunye namaqhinga Adolf Hitler, apho ngowe-1944, enyanisweni, yena asindululayo).

Itanki impi Prokhorovka

Kule imeko yangoku nzima, ukuze kupheliswe ikhefu, i-Red Army bafakwa intshukumo loovimba qhinga: 5 Guards Tank Army (umphathi Rotmistrov PA) kunye 5 Guards Army (umphathi Zhadov A. S.)

Ukuba nokwenzeka ukuhlaselwa ephangweni kwitanki yiSoviet umkhosi kwilali indawo Prokhorovka ngaphambili ingqalelo yi-Staff German Jikelele. Ngoko ke, amaqela 'Totenkopf "yaye" Imperial "ulwalathiso ngesibetho latshintshelwa 90 ⁰ - intloko-eyenzeke nomkhosi Jikelele Rotmistrova Pavla Alekseevicha.

Amatanki kwi Kursk Velile Lolwana: kwicala waseJamani emfazweni baba 700 izithuthi yokulwa, kunye zethu - 850 The umfanekiso omhle, owoyikekayo. Njengoko abizelwa amangqina, lo mgqumo lokuba igazi eEdeni kweendlebe zakhe. Dubula waba yokumisa, apho nenqaba liyatshabalala. Ngokungena utshaba ngasemva baza bazama umlilo kulo amatanki, ukusuka apho matanki kwabaneka izikhuni. Ethwala baba njengokungathi prostration - usaphila, kwafuneka ukuba alwe. Ukuze siphumele, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ukuzimela.

Red Army Idabi Prokhorovka, ebonisa ubuqhawe, kodwa walahlekelwa enkulu, kunokuba German. Technique 18 no-29 Panzer lweSizwe satshatyalaliswa asixhenxe ekhulwini.

Ukuba sithethe ukulahleka imiphambili kwi Idabi Kursk, i Voronezh, emathafeni kunye Fronts Central baphulukana 177,8 amawaka abantu, kuquka abangaphezu kwama-70 amawaka - .. Dead. Voronezh Front naye "igqekeziwe" kubunzulu lonke. Ngokutsho iinkcukacha ezifunyenwe mbali, iilahleko yaseJamani yaba yinto encinane ngaphezu kwe-20% zethu.

Inqanaba lesibini yokusebenza

Wendele yi-35 km kwaye balahlekelwa kakhulu, amaJamani waqonda ukuba ukuze ugcine wazazi yoyiswa akakwazi, yaye isixeko waqala 16.07.1943 amajoni ukulibaziseka. Voronezh kunye amanye emathafeni wafudukela wahlaselwa ngokokuma abuyisela umgca ngaphambili. I-General Abasebenzi kunye izinga (kufuneka ahlawule irhafu) Babaqhathanisele wabanjwa i "mzuzu wenyaniso" yaye makabhalwe reserve ekulweni.

Ngequbuliso amaJamani "entsha" 08/03/1943 Bryansk Front wafuduselwa ekhubekisayo, inkxaso namabutho nelisemihlubulweni impahlana kunye izimpi Central. 08/05/1943, emva kokuba ukulwa eyayine Bryansk Front akhululwa Orel kunye Belgorod emathafeni. Nokukhululwa operation IKharkiv 23.08.1943 Kursk yagqitywa. Imephu kule mpi ibandakanya isigaba ngoyaba (05-23.07.1943 g); Orlovskuyu operation ( "Kutuzov") 12.07-18.08.1943 g.; Belgorod-eKharkov operation ( "Rumyantsev") ka 03-23.08.1943

isiphelo

Emva kokuba ngoloyiso oluBomvu Army phezu Wehrmacht kwi Idabi Kursk nyathelo qhinga ekugqibeleni wadlula kwi-Red Army. Ngoko ke, le mfazwe kuthiwa yinguquko kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Kakade ke, ukuba ukuhlasela utshaba kwisigaba sokuqala msebenzi bekungebobulumko (ukuba ukuziphendulela siye ndonakalelwa zezi omnye kwabahlanu, babeza kuba yintoni phezu ukwenzeka?!). Ngelo xesha amajoni Soviet sentsimini wokulwa kuye kwaboniswa ubuqhawe lokwenyaniso. Abantu 100 000 ziye zanikezelwa imiyalelo kunye iimbasa, 180 kubo bawongwa Hero elikwinqanaba eliphezulu eSoviet Union.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha wethu, imini agqibe - 23 Agasti - idibana ngonyaka abemi beli lizwe njengoko Suku uzuko yomkhosi Russia.