Lo mzi-mveliso inkulu ngamandla Russia: uluhlu lweendidi neempawu. isityalo amandla Ingquzu eRashiya

IRussia ekubeni leSoviet lubonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo ukuvelisa umbane izityalo wamandla oshushu. ephehla Russian bagcwele ezininzi kwizixeko ezinkulu kweli lizwe. Cinga isizukulwana amandla kakhulu ezinamandla kunye neempawu yawo. Qaphela ukuba uninzi izakhiwo yakhiwa emva kwi-60-80s kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, kodwa ukususela kwixesha ukusetyenziswa kunye noyilo ezintsha.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP

Eli gunya kuthatha indawo 7 phakathi izakhiwo ezikhoyo kwihlabathi ngokwemiqathango umthamo efakiweyo. Sayano-Shushenskaya isikhululo samandla ngamanzi ibekwe kwi Yenisei, nguye lo idama aphezulu eRashiya enye liphezulu ehlabathini. umthamo wayo obukhulu 13090 m ³ / s. Isikhululo samandla yeli candelo Russian 21, igumbi umatshini iquka iiyunithi hydraulic-10, yaye inxalenye station - 10 esisigxina ebele, apho wabeka penstocks. Idama amandla yezityalo negalelo ekuphakamiseni umgangatho wamanzi kule Yenisei, ngaloo ndlela bakha ichibi. uyilo Umthamo isityalo 6400 MW.

Krasnoyarsk mashishini

Isityalo yokuqala amandla eRashiya zakhiwa kule 50-60s kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Ngoko ke, isikhululo samandla ngamanzi Krasnoyarsk waqala ukwakha 1955, ikwafumaneka nayo kwi-Yenisei. Esi sikhululo ngokuba intliziyo inkqubo yamandla aseSiberia, njengoko yenye ngabathengisi zamandla ehamba phambili kweli mmandla. Okwangoku, isikhululo samandla ngamanzi Krasnoyarsk yenye izitishi ezilishumi eziphambili zehlabathi, kwi imeko apho abantu abangaphezu kwama-550. Ekugqibeleni, yena wavalelwa ukusebenza emva ngo-1972 yaye ukususela ngoko iye ngokuqhubekayo ngcono. Le amandla kagesi, iqulathe izinto eziliqela:

• dam gravity eziphathekayo;
• dam isakhiwo izityalo amandla;
• ye ulwamkelo kunye nokwabiwa amandla;
• Liphakamisa kunye pododnym channel.

Ngomhla ukwakhiwa kwamandla isityalo amandla Russian yesibini kwadlula phantse zizigidi ezi-6 m ³ eziphathekayo. Station yohlukile umthamo ubuninzi 14,000 ^m3 / umzuzwana, kunye namandla kagesi ka-6000 MW. Krasnoyarskoe dam ichibi wambumba ka-2000 km ^2. Le peculiarity kweli gunya - in Kukwenza kuphela eRashiya, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze sicatshulwa noweenqanawa. Ngowe-1995, isikhululo samandla ngamanzi ngamanzi zirhazukile yi-50%, ngoko kwagqitywa ukuyilandelela kunye nokuphuculwa kubo.

Surgut GRES

inkulu plant eRashiya amandla thaca kunye Surgut GRES, ibekwe i Khanty-Mansiysk ஜோடி isilungelelanisi. Isikhululo ine olufakwe umthamo yombane 5597 MW, besebenza petroleum enxulumene kunye negesi yendalo. ukwakhiwa yayo kwi 80s, xa kwintsimi OB ophakathi kukho ukunqongophala amandla. Ngokutsho iprojekthi yokuqala, bonke kwakufuneka abeke iiyunithi 8 namandla kufuneka iqaqambise Surgut GRES phakathi lwezikhululo thermal zinamandla.

Bratsk HPP

inkulu isityalo amandla eRashiya ibekwe kwi Angara River. Bratsk isityalo ngamanzi iyinxenye Angara ayo, ukuba yinkokeli ukuveliswa kombane kulo lonke Eurasia. Isigqibo malunga nokwakhiwa kwesikhululo senziwa 1954, nokubeka lwaqhutywa ngo-1967. imiqulu ezizodwa kunye nemithombo yamanzi ezinzileyo of Lake izimvu kunye nefuthe Bratsk Reservoir ukuba le HPP waqalisa ukuba adlale indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso loqoqosho kweli lizwe.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Bratsk HPP iqulathe iiyunithi-18, yaye amandla eveliswayo lusetyenziswa kakhulu mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Isikhululo iqulathe zocweyo eziliqela, kulandele ngokubukela rhoqo ngabasebenzi 300. Ekubeni Angara akukho nge inqanawa, le yamanzi kwaye akukho iminyango navigation. Ezikwisixokelelwano amandla Bratsk station ngamanzi - 4500 MW.

Balakovo NPP

Le uluhlu lwezityalo amandla Russian, ekuthi kwezo nto kuphume izixa ezikhulu kakhulu umbane, kwaye zibandakanya i Balakovo amandla enyukliya, nto leyo phambili ushishino lwenyukliya kweli lizwe. eyenziweyo ngenxa nophuculo oluqhubekayo isixhobo ukusebenza. indlela esebenzayo ukwandisa imveliso amandla lwandiswa ngokuphucula uyilo amafutha yenyukliya. Kwesi sikhululo usebenzisa zamandla kunye neeyunithi ngamandla kabini-wesekethe.

Kursk NPP

Amandla sisiseko uqoqosho kummandla Kursk. Endaweni apha isityalo amandla Russia phakathi izikhululo zokuqala ezintlanu, abavelisa ngamandla ngakumbi. Ukuba umbane le sikhululo Inikeza ezininzi kumashishini mmandla. Kurskaia isikhululo samandla senyukliya uhlobo olunye-ngokwenzekayo, wenza njengoko coolants amanzi okuhlamba njengesiqhelo ukuba ujikeleza kwisiphaluka evaliweyo.

Leningrad NPP

Leningrad isikhululo samandla enyukliya lelokuqala apha elizweni eye RBMK-1000. Leningrad NPP iqulathe iiyunithi ezine, kunye namandla bulk eveliswe ingena ukusetyenziswa iyonke. Esi sikhululo ke amandla umvelisi likhulu kummandla kumntla-Russia.

imithombo Ingquzu yeSanti ukuze kulungelwe isizwe

Kukho iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo amandla eRashiya. Ngoko ke, amandla Ingquzu yeSanti uthathwa kakhulu ethembisa Nakule mihla, kuquka kweli lizwe lethu. Iingcali ziyavuma iimali ukuba imithamo amandla ubushushu bomhlaba elikhulu wamandla-oli negesi oovimba zehlabathi. Ingquzu yeSanti utyala kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwakhiwe apho kukho iindawo mlilo. Ngenxa ilunga ngamanzi mlilo manzi ngokunzima shushu, amanzi ashushu anokusetyenziswa yeni ukuya kumphezulu njengoko Igiza.

propati yendalo ukuvumela ukuba ukwakha izityalo Ingquzu yeSanti amandla yanamhlanje eRashiya. Ba kwilizwe lethu kakhulu:

1. Pauzhetskaya GeoPP. Esi sikhululo ke yakhiwa ngo-1966 kufutshane mlilo Kambalny ngenxa imfuno zokuhlala zokuhlala kunye namashishini kufutshane ngamandla. umthamo efakwe ngexesha lokuqala kuphela 5 MW amandla ke landile ukuya ku-12 MW.
2. Upper Mutnovskaya pilot yorhwebo Ingquzu yeSanti isityalo amandla ibekwe kwi ena Peninsula, yaye yasekwa ngo-1999. It iqulathe iiyunithi ezintathu 4 MW. Ukwakhiwa lwaqhutywa kufutshane mlilo Mutnovsky.
3. Ocean Ingquzu yeSanti Power Plant. Esi sikhululo ke yakhiwa kwi Kuril Islands ngowe-2006.
4. Mendeleevskaya ephehla zafakwa. Esi sikhululo yakhiwa ukubonelela zokufudumeza nombane Yuzhno-Kurilsk.

Njengoko ubona, izityalo amandla zafakwa nangoku ezisebenza eRashiya. umsebenzi Active phezu maxesha kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo uyenziwa eza kuvumela izithili kunye namashishini kufuphi mlilo, kuyimfuneko umlinganiselo wamandla.

Ukulandela inkqubela

Qaphela ukuba uphuhliso amandla na ukuma. Ngoko ke, oko kwazeka ukuba eRashiya, ingakumbi, kummandla Samara, uya kwakhiwa amandla elanga. Iingcali zithi le projekthi iza kuba into ebalulekileyo, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa kummandla Samara kunye nelizwe ngokubanzi. Olucwangcisiweyo ukwakhiwa izityalo solar nkqu kummandla aseStavropol kunye Volgograd. Ngokuphathelele izibonelelo ezikhoyo, kunye ingqalelo ngenxa kunye maxesha ngexesha elililo, baya kuba nako ukunika umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wamandla nokuba ekude imimandla Russia.